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"Overfishing"
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World without fish : how could we let this happen?
A frightening look at the looming destruction of the oceans. Brief sections in graphic-novel format follow a young girl, Ailat, and her father over a couple of decades as the condition of the ocean grows increasingly dire, eventually an orange, slimy mess mostly occupied by jellyfish and leatherback turtles. At the end, Ailat's young daughter doesn't even know what the word fish means. This is juxtaposed against nonfiction chapters with topics including types of fishing equipment and the damage each causes, a history of the destruction of the cod and its consequences, the international politics of the fishing industry and the effects of pollution and global warming.
Book
Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status
Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing, and there is widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported global marine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and is at proposed target levels. Compared with regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management, and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.
Journal Article
Impact of Overfishing on the Temporal Dynamics and Resilience of the Coptodon guineensis (Günther, 1862) Population in Lake Toho (Benin, West Africa)
This study analyzes the impact of fishing pressure on the dynamics and resilience of
in Lake Toho (southwestern Benin), using size-frequency data (2002-2003 and 2022-2024) processed with FiSAT II. Results show a decline in maximum length and weight (31.3 cm/908 g to 18 cm/119 g), earlier sexual maturity, and a reduction in mature individuals and large breeders. Growth and exploitation parameters indicate reduced longevity, lower yield per recruit, and persistent overexploitation. Overall, the biological and ecological status of the species has deteriorated, undermining its long-term resilience and threatening the food security of local communities dependent on this fishery resource.
Journal Article
The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world
Stony corals, the engines and engineers of reef ecosystems, face unprecedented threats from anthropogenic environmental change. Corals are holobionts that comprise the cnidarian animal host and a diverse community of bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microorganisms. Recent research shows that the bacterial microbiome has a pivotal role in coral biology. A healthy bacterial assemblage contributes to nutrient cycling and stress resilience, but pollution, overfishing and climate change can break down these symbiotic relationships, which results in disease, bleaching and, ultimately, coral death. Although progress has been made in characterizing the spatial-temporal diversity of bacteria, we are only beginning to appreciate their functional contribution. In this Review, we summarize the ecological and metabolic interactions between bacteria and other holobiont members, highlight the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the structure of bacterial communities and discuss the impact of climate change on these communities and their coral hosts. We emphasize how microbiome-based interventions can help to decipher key mechanisms underpinning coral health and promote reef resilience. Finally, we explore how recent technological developments may be harnessed to address some of the most pressing challenges in coral microbiology, providing a road map for future research in this field.In this Review, Voolstra, Raina, Peixoto and colleagues discuss our current knowledge of the function and role of the bacterial microbiome in coral health and disease, and elucidate the response of the host-associated bacteria to global change, which bears implications for coral reef conservation.
Journal Article
Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery
Several studies have documented fish populations changing in response to long-term warming. Over the past decade, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Maine increased faster than 99% of the global ocean. The warming, which was related to a northward shift in the Gulf Stream and to changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, led to reduced recruitment and increased mortality in the region's Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock. Failure to recognize the impact of warming on cod contributed to overfishing. Recovery of this fishery depends on sound management, but the size of the stock depends on future temperature conditions. The experience in the Gulf of Maine highlights the need to incorporate environmental factors into resource management.
Journal Article
Plastic pollution on the world’s coral reefs
Coral reefs are losing the capacity to sustain their biological functions
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. In addition to other well-known stressors, such as climatic change and overfishing
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, plastic pollution is an emerging threat to coral reefs, spreading throughout reef food webs
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, and increasing disease transmission and structural damage to reef organisms
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. Although recognized as a global concern
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, the distribution and quantity of plastics trapped in the world’s coral reefs remains uncertain
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. Here we survey 84 shallow and deep coral ecosystems at 25 locations across the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian ocean basins for anthropogenic macrodebris (pollution by human-generated objects larger than 5 centimetres, including plastics), performing 1,231 transects. Our results show anthropogenic debris in 77 out of the 84 reefs surveyed, including in some of Earth’s most remote and near-pristine reefs, such as in uninhabited central Pacific atolls. Macroplastics represent 88% of the anthropogenic debris, and, like other debris types, peak in deeper reefs (mesophotic zones at 30–150 metres depth), with fishing activities as the main source of plastics in most areas. These findings contrast with the global pattern observed in other nearshore marine ecosystems, where macroplastic densities decrease with depth and are dominated by consumer items
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. As the world moves towards a global treaty to tackle plastic pollution
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, understanding its distribution and drivers provides key information to help to design the strategies needed to address this ubiquitous threat.
Plastics were found in 77 out of 84 coral reefs surveyed in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, including in deeper reefs and remote and near-pristine reefs, such as in uninhabited central Pacific atolls.
Journal Article