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The transport of oversized loads, such as wind turbine components, represents a key logistical challenge due to specific technical and regulatory requirements. The development of the renewable energy sector, particularly wind energy in Poland, has significantly increased the demand for this type of transport. The implementation of wind farm construction projects requires not only advanced technological solutions but also special attention to transport safety and the organization of logistical processes. This study employed the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) risk analysis method, which allows for the identification of potential defects and their causes. Data were collected through surveys, interviews with representatives of transport companies, and field observations. The research sample included 11 companies specializing in oversized transport in Poland and European countries. Based on the gathered information, 15 typical risks associated with the transport of wind turbine components were identified. The most significant risks include the possibility of road accidents and discrepancies between the actual dimensions of the cargo and the transport documentation. The results highlight the need for improvements in route planning, precise verification of cargo parameters, and better management of administrative processes related to obtaining permits. The development of the wind energy sector and dynamic investments in wind farms make the optimization of oversized transport a crucial element in supporting the execution of eco-friendly projects and sustainable development.

Using multistage social network analysis, this study aims to analyze the dynamics of political coalition formation in the 2024 Governor, Regent, and Mayor Elections in Indonesia. First, the study mapped the network of political coalitions in 37 provinces for governor elections. Second, the researchers narrowed the scope to the Regent and Mayor Elections in Central Java and East Java Provinces. This study uses degree centrality, 2local, 2Step, Average Reciprocal Distance (ARD), closeness, eigenvector, betweenness, 2StepBet, and k-Coreness to understand the role and position of political parties in the coalition network. The results of the study show that the Gerindra Party is the main actor in the formation of coalitions in national gubernatorial elections, as well as in regents and mayors in Central Java and East Java. The researcher found that Partai Golkar, Partai Amanat nasional (PAN), Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), and Partai Demokrat also played significant roles as main links in the coalition network at all election levels. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia perjuangan (PDIP), the party that won the 2024 legislative election, formed a smaller coalition or carried its own candidates. This research also reveals that political coalitions at the local level are more fluid and pragmatic because ideological differences are not obstacles. Small parties, such as PSI, Partai Indonesia Raya (Perindo), and Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), have the ability to form coalitions because they have higher indicator values than PDIP. The researchers concluded that pragmatism influenced coalition politics in Indonesia more than ideology.

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment is an emerging strategy for de novo coronary artery disease (CAD), but procedural optimization remains uncertain. This study analyzed 317 patients who underwent DCB-based intervention for de novo CAD and angiographic follow-up: SR (successful, stent-like result: diameter stenosis < 20% at follow-up angiography, n = 84, 93 lesions) and Non-SR (n = 224, 358 lesions) groups. Baseline clinical and lesion characteristics were similar, except that SR lesions had larger diameter. In SR lesions, specialty balloons were more frequently utilized ( p  = 0.025), and maximal balloon diameter and balloon-to-artery ratio were significantly greater compared to Non-SR lesions ( p  < 0.001 and p  = 0.008). At a median 8-month follow-up, SR lesions exhibited larger minimal luminal diameter (MLD) and lower late lumen loss, with negative values indicating positive vessel remodeling. In multivariate analysis, post-DCB MLD (odds ratio 1.17 per 0.1 mm increase, p  < 0.001) and balloon-to-artery ratio (odds ratio 1.43 per 0.1 increase, p  = 0.002) were independent predictors for successful angiographic outcomes with thresholds of 1.95 mm for post-DCB MLD and 1.13 for balloon-to-artery ratio. In 47 patients, IVUS guidance resulted in balloon-to-artery ratio of 1.23 as calculated by QCA. The study demonstrated the importance of achieving maximal post-DCB MLD through aggressive lesion predilation, underscoring the need for refining procedural strategies. NCT04619277 (Impact of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment in De Novo Coronary Lesion).

Retinal gene therapy has come a long way in the last few decades and the development and improvement of new gene delivery technologies has been exponential. The recent promising results from the first clinical trials for inherited retinal degeneration due to mutations in have provided a major breakthrough in the field and have helped cement the use of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) as the major tool for retinal gene supplementation. One of the key problems of AAV however, is its limited capacity for packaging genomic information to a maximum of around 4.8 kb. Previous studies have demonstrated that homologous recombination and/or inverted terminal repeat (ITR) mediated concatemerization of two overlapping AAV vectors can partially overcome the size limitation and help deliver larger transgenes. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the use of different AAV dual-vector approaches in the mouse retina using a systematic approach comparing efficiencies and using a unique oversized reporter construct. We show that the hybrid approach relying on vector genome concatemerization by highly recombinogenic sequences and ITRs sequence overlap offers the best levels of reconstitution both and compared to -splicing and overlap strategies. Our data also demonstrate that dose and vector serotype do not affect reconstitution efficiency but a discrepancy between mRNA and protein expression data suggests a bottleneck affecting translation.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are promising therapeutic viral vectors. Their capsid is assembled from viral proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3, aided by an assembly-activating protein, followed by replication protein mediated packaging of their 4.7-kb genome with inverted terminal repeats as packaging signals. To aid improvement of AAV vectors, knowledge of viral determinants of successful capsid assembly and genome packaging is important. We review the current knowledge of these two processes and efforts to overcome limited DNA packaging capacity and limit the packaging of unwanted foreign DNA in vector development. Residues involved in essential capsid assembly and genome packaging interactions cannot be manipulated in vector engineering. This information thus aids strategies to improve vector production and to increase AAV packaging capacity toward improved efficacy of this vector system.

By combining the advantages of different energy storage technologies, the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can satisfy the multiple requirements of prosumer systems. However, the required capacity of the HESS is larger than that of the single-battery energy storage system (ESS). This paper investigates the energy exchange within the HESS caused by the phase shift of the low-pass filter controller and its relevant impact on the HESS. The results show that unnecessary energy exchange results in an oversized capacity and increased energy loss. In addition, the increase in the time constant of the low-pass filter controller leads to a larger phase shift, further contributing to the increases in the total capacity and energy loss. Furthermore, this paper compares the single-battery ESS, the battery-supercapacitor HESS, and the battery-flywheel HESS implemented in a household-prosumer system along with a renewable energy source (RES). The comparison of the ESS combinations demonstrates the differences between their power flows, the required capacities of their individual energy storage devices (ESDs), their energy losses, their battery lifetimes, and their project costs. The results indicate that techno-economic analysis should be performed carefully to select the appropriate ESS solution for specific household-prosumer systems.

A prerequisite for achieving high energy efficiency of water supply systems (understood as using less energy to perform the same task) is the appropriate selection of all elements and their rational use. Energy consumption in water supply systems (WSS) is closely connected with water demand. Especially in the case of oversized water supply systems for which consumers’ water demand is at least 50% less than previously planned and flow velocity in some parts of the system is below 0.01 m·s−1, this problem of excessive energy consumption can be observed. In the literature, it is difficult to find descriptions and methods of energy management for such a case. The purpose of this study was both an evaluation of the current demand of an oversized WSS and a preliminary technical analysis of the possibility for energy saving. Solutions are presented that resulted in improvements in energy management, thus increasing energy efficiency. The conducted analyses indicate the wide use of numerical, hydraulic models, among others, for the needs of the sustainable oversize water supply systems management in order to improve energy efficiency. Those simulations only give energy consumption results as a first step in the process of decision-making for the modernization process, in which investment costs should be taken into account as a second step. Thus, this paper emphasizes the crucial role of hydraulic models as a good analytical tool used in decision support systems (DSS), especially for large, oversized water supply systems.

This study investigates the influence of confinement conditions of detonation products on fragmentation efficiency during industrial borehole blasting operations in open-pit mining. Efficient utilization of explosive energy remains one of the key factors affecting rock fragmentation quality, operational productivity, and the economic performance of mining enterprises. Under conventional stemming conditions, premature venting of detonation products through the borehole collar leads to rapid pressure decay, reduced impulse duration, and increased formation of oversized rock fragments. To improve confinement efficiency, a borehole blasting method incorporating a polymer conical structure installed within the stemming section was developed and investigated under industrial-scale conditions. The proposed structure acts as a temporary gas-dynamic confinement system intended to delay premature gas release, prolong gas-pressure loading, and improve redistribution of explosive energy within the surrounding rock mass. Industrial-scale blasting trials were conducted at the Nukrakon and Yoshlik–I open-pit mines under comparable geological and technological conditions. Comparative field observations demonstrated that the proposed confinement system improved fragmentation uniformity and reduced oversized fragment formation relative to conventional blasting schemes. The obtained results indicate that enhanced confinement conditions contribute to prolonged impulse loading, more stable fracture propagation, and improved utilization of explosive energy without increasing explosive consumption. A comparative techno-economic assessment additionally demonstrated the practical feasibility of the proposed method due to reduced secondary breakage requirements, lower operational costs, and improved blasting efficiency. The developed polymer conical confinement system may therefore represent a promising technological approach for improving fragmentation quality and operational performance during industrial open-pit blasting operations. The proposed technology may be beneficial for open-pit mining enterprises seeking to improve fragmentation quality, reduce secondary breakage costs, enhance blasting efficiency, and increase the overall economic performance of mining operations.

In order to satisfy the energy demand of China, it is an effective way to exploit coal resources efficiently in western China. When a coal seam with a shallow burial depth is mined on a large working face with width of 300 m in a semi-desert aeolian sand area of western China, the induced subsidence and damage of ground surface are remarkably different from those induced by a traditional mining condition. By taking Working Face 12,406 of Bulianta Coalmine in Shendong Mining Area as an example, this paper, based on actual measurement data, analysed the developmental features and causes of ground surface racks. Research results showed that the shape of the static crack in the peripheral area on the working face was very similar to that contained in the actual measurement results of other areas; specifically, such static crack was arc-shaped and the actually measured static crack angle was 84.5°. However, the dynamic crack above the working face took on uniqueness in two developmental cycles (expansion to restoration). This phenomenon is not available in other research areas. Starting from the structure of rock strata, this paper analysed the two developmental cycles of dynamic cracks according to the periodic fracture theory of key stratum and verified the results of theoretical analysis by employing the similar material model.

In snakes, predatory attacks on oversized prey are not uncommon. Here, we describe an adult female Vipera berus that likely bit and intended to swallow an oversized young hare, Lepus europaeus . The estimated mass of the hare was about 10 times greater than that of the viper. The event took place in Denmark, on 10 August 2022. We suggest that the adder under these circumstances might have benefited from a large prey to gain maximum energy after likely having given birth. Greatly oversized prey items killed by snakes are poorly known in literature. Based on published and unpublished reports, we add to the knowledge of snakes’ killings and subsequently abandoning oversized prey items. It may be an underdocumented phenomenon.