Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
8,838
result(s) for
"Ownership - legislation "
Sort by:
Observational Evidence of For-Profit Delivery and Inferior Nursing Home Care: When Is There Enough Evidence for Policy Change?
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HMOs, Health Maintenance Organizations; MDS, Minimum Data Set; RCTs, randomized controlled trials Provenance: Not commissioned; externally peer-reviewed Summary Points * Nursing home residents are a highly vulnerable population, and nursing home care quality has been a persistent focus of public concern. * There is considerable evidence from observational studies that public funding of care delivered in for-profit facilities is inferior to care delivered in public or nonprofit facilities. * The past decade has seen many industrialized countries increasing governmental payment for care of frail seniors in for-profit nursing homes, leading to questions about whether this leads to inferior care. * Many of Bradford Hill's guidelines for causation can be found in published studies supporting a causal link between for-profit ownership and inferior care. * The precautionary principle should be applied when developing policy for this frail and vulnerable population. Introduction Nursing homes, also called residential long-term care facilities or aged care homes, are regulated institutions providing around-the-clock medical and social care to (mainly) older people who are unable to live independently due to physical and/or mental disability. Because of the vulnerability of this population and frequent media reports of scandals across many industrialized countries [1], nursing home care quality has been a persistent focus of public concern.
Journal Article
The future of the gun
The author believes that \"potential future developments in gun technology could change the world. However, [what he sees as] the radical anti-gun lobby stands between innovation and the American people ... and ... [threatens] to stop progress in its tracks\"--Amazon.com.
Book
State gun laws, gun ownership, and mass shootings in the US: cross sectional time series
AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether restrictiveness-permissiveness of state gun laws or gun ownership are associated with mass shootings in the US.DesignCross sectional time series.Setting and populationUS gun owners from 1998-2015.ExposureAn annual rating between 0 (completely restrictive) and 100 (completely permissive) for the gun laws of all 50 states taken from a reference guide for gun owners traveling between states from 1998 to 2015. Gun ownership was estimated annually as the percentage of suicides committed with firearms in each state.Main outcome measureMass shootings were defined as independent events in which four or more people were killed by a firearm. Data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting System from 1998-2015 were used to calculate annual rates of mass shootings in each state. Mass shooting events and rates were further separated into those where the victims were immediate family members or partners (domestic) and those where the victims had other relationships with the perpetrator (non-domestic).ResultsFully adjusted regression analyses showed that a 10 unit increase in state gun law permissiveness was associated with a significant 11.5% (95% confidence interval 4.2% to 19.3%, P=0.002) higher rate of mass shootings. A 10% increase in state gun ownership was associated with a significant 35.1% (12.7% to 62.7%, P=0.001) higher rate of mass shootings. Partially adjusted regression analyses produced similar results, as did analyses restricted to domestic and non-domestic mass shootings.ConclusionsStates with more permissive gun laws and greater gun ownership had higher rates of mass shootings, and a growing divide appears to be emerging between restrictive and permissive states.
Journal Article
How America got its guns : a history of the gun violence crisis
\"In the United States more than thirty thousand deaths each year can be attributed to firearms. This book on the history of guns in America examines the Second Amendment and the laws and court cases it has spawned. The author's thorough and objective account shows the complexities of the issue, which are so often reduced to bumper-sticker slogans, and suggests ways in which gun violence in this country can be reduced. Briggs profiles not only protagonists in the national gun debate but also ordinary people, showing the ways guns have become part of the lives of many Americans. Among them are gays and lesbians, women, competitive trapshooters, people in the gun-rights and gun-control trenches, the NRA's first female president, and the most successful gunsmith in American history. Balanced and painstakingly unbiased, Briggs's account provides the background needed to follow gun politics in America and to understand the gun culture in which we are likely to live for the foreseeable future.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
‘Survival-driven’ or ‘policy-driven’—research on the motivation and economic consequences of the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises
Mixed-ownership reform (MOR) represents a pivotal policy instrument for revitalizing China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs); however, its outcomes exhibit substantial heterogeneity. This variation implies that the intrinsic motivations behind reform—whether prompted by regulatory compliance or economic necessity—may constitute an understudied determinant of its efficacy. This research empirically examines how reform motivations influence the economic outcomes of mixed-ownership restructuring. Utilizing panel data from Chinese listed SOEs between 2013 and 2022 and employing a double fixed-effects model, we analyze the interaction between reform attributes—namely, breadth (ownership diversity) and depth (proportion of nonstate ownership)—and reform motivations, classified according to prereform profitability. Our results indicate that in SOEs characterized by survival-driven motives, deeper reform significantly improves firm performance. Nonetheless, this positive relationship is moderated by regional marketization levels. Conversely, reforms motivated primarily by policy directives demonstrate weaker effects on performance. These findings underscore that the impacts of mixed-ownership reform are not monolithic but are fundamentally conditioned on initial motivations and external institutional contexts. This study contributes to a refined theoretical framework for interpreting the heterogeneous effects of SOE reform and offers actionable implications for formulating context-sensitive policies.
Journal Article
The need for clear medical data ownership laws
Current regulatory frameworks in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) provide medical data privacy protections, but do not explicitly establish ownership rights. Legislation increasingly recognizes the rights of persons with chronic diseases for data ownership, but clinicians, researchers, public health professionals, and medical device manufacturers can also stake claims to ownership. Effective translational medical research requires policies for using patient-generated data to help society while still protecting the rights of patients from whom the data was obtained. Four increasingly important areas related to the ownership of patient-generated research data are discussed in this article, including (1) US and European laws relating to medical data ownership, (2) stakeholders claiming ownership of medical data, (3) the need for ownership laws to support translational medicine research, and (4) emerging controversies in medical data ownership. Translational research requires secure and legal acquisition of data streams. Technological and policy strategies for data ownership are increasingly needed that respect the rights of all involved stakeholders. No specific legislation in the US and various EU Member States explicitly recognizes ownership rights of medical data. Recent regulatory initiatives like the Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement (TEFCA) in the US and the European Health Data Space Regulation (EHDS) in European Union Member States have strengthened patients’ access to and control of their medical data, but they do not establish medical data ownership rights. The absence of clear ownership rules continues to raise ethical, technical, and legal challenges as medical data sharing expands across international borders.
Journal Article
The Association Between State Laws Regulating Handgun Ownership and Statewide Suicide Rates
Objectives. We examined the impact of 3 state laws (permit to purchase a handgun, registration of handguns, license to own a handgun) on suicide rates. Methods. We used 2010 data from publicly available databases and state legislatures to assess the relationships between our predictors and outcomes. Results. Results largely indicated that states with any of these laws in place exhibited lower overall suicide rates and suicide by firearms rates and that a smaller proportion of suicides in such states resulted from firearms. Furthermore, results indicated that laws requiring registration and license had significant indirect effects through the proportion of suicides resulting from firearms. The latter results imply that such laws are associated with fewer suicide attempts overall, a tendency for those who attempt to use less-lethal means, or both. Exploratory longitudinal analyses indicated a decrease in overall suicide rates immediately following implementation of laws requiring a license to own a handgun. Conclusions. The results are thus supportive of the potential of handgun legislation to have an impact on suicide rates.
Journal Article
What the Moderna–NIH COVID vaccine patent fight means for research
Collaborators are locked in a high-stakes dispute over which researchers should be named as inventors on a key vaccine patent application.
Collaborators are locked in a high-stakes dispute over which researchers should be named as inventors on a key vaccine patent application.
A health worker holds up a bottle of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
Journal Article
Reform of agricultural land property rights system and grain production resilience: Empirical evidence based on China’s “Three Rights Separation” reform
The latest reform in China’s agricultural land rights system has implemented the “Three Rights Separation” reform, distinguishing between ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights of rural land. This reform is a significant step taken by the Chinese government to ensure a rational allocation of agricultural land resources, contributing greatly to enhancing food production resilience and promoting food security. This paper analyzes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2021 to assess the resilience levels in grain production. It utilizes a multi-period Difference-in-Differences model to examine the effects of the separation of three rights of agricultural land on this resilience, including their mechanisms of action. The findings reveal that(1)although the resilience of grain production in China has progressively improved over the study period, it remains low, indicating substantial potential for enhancement;(2)The separation of three rights of agricultural land significantly boosts the resilience of grain production, a conclusion corroborated by robustness tests;(3)The analysis shows that the policy promotes resilience by facilitating land transfer and boosting investments in agricultural productivity;(4)Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the policy’s impact is more pronounced in major grain-producing areas and central regions, with stronger effects observed in northern wheat-growing areas compared to southern rice-growing regions.
Journal Article