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Advanced oxidation technologies : sustainable solutions for environmental treatments
Providing a state-of-the-art overview on environmental applications of Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs) as sustainable, low-cost and low-energy consuming treatments of water, air, and soil. It includes information on innovative research and development on TiO2 photocatalytic redox processes, Fenton, Photo-Fenton processes, zerovalent iron technology, etc highlighting possible applications of ATOs in developing and industrialized countries around the world in the framework of 'A crosscutting and comprehensive look at environmental problems'.
Book
X-ray absorption spectroscopy
This review gives a brief description of the theory and application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, both X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), especially, pertaining to photosynthesis. The advantages and limitations of the methods are discussed. Recent advances in extended EXAFS and polarized EXAFS using oriented membranes and single crystals are explained. Developments in theory in understanding the XANES spectra are described. The application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy to the study of the Mn
4
Ca cluster in Photosystem II is presented.
Journal Article
Heterogenization of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts in Electrodes for (Photo)Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Water oxidation is still one of the most important challenges to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic devices. In recent decades, the development and study of molecular complexes for water oxidation have allowed insight into the principles governing catalytic activity and the mechanism as well as establish ligand design guidelines to improve performance. However, their durability and long-term stability compromise the performance of molecular-based artificial photosynthetic devices. In this context, heterogenization of molecular water oxidation catalysts on electrode surfaces has emerged as a promising approach for efficient long-lasting water oxidation for artificial photosynthetic devices. This review covers the state of the art of strategies for the heterogenization of molecular water oxidation catalysts onto electrodes for (photo)electrochemical water oxidation. An overview and description of the main binding strategies are provided explaining the advantages of each strategy and their scope. Moreover, selected examples are discussed together with the the differences in activity and stability between the homogeneous and the heterogenized system when reported. Finally, the common design principles for efficient (photo)electrocatalytic performance summarized.
Journal Article
Aquatic PFAS remediation using supercritical water oxidation: systematic review on efficiency, mechanisms, and future directions
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent and toxic contaminants that have been widely detected in aquatic matrices, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable treatment strategies. Present systematic review examines the efficacy of Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) for PFAS degradation, with a specific focus on the underlying degradation mechanisms and identifying critical future research directions to advance the technology. A literature review of studies that considered SCWO for PFAS destruction in aquatic environment, available in multiple international databases, was carried out following the PRISMA recommendations. The study investigates the effects of SCWO operation variables, including initial concentration, pressure, reaction temperature, residence time and oxidant on PFAS destruction. Co-contaminants’ impact, defluorination efficiency, and gas emission during the reaction are also assessed. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of SCWO for PFAS destruction in water matrices, providing valuable insights and guidance for the effective degradation of PFAS using SCWO. The findings of this research have significant implications for the development of sustainable and efficient technologies for PFAS remediation, contributing to the protection of human health and the environment.
Journal Article
Treatments for Textile Wastewater: Perspectives from Studies Using Supercritical Water and Biomass-Based Activated Carbon—A Review
Textile wastewater contains recalcitrant azo dyes and auxiliary chemicals that are resistant to conventional biological treatment, resulting in persistent organic pollution in aquatic ecosystems. While supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) achieves superior chromophore mineralization, its high energy requirements limit industrial scalability. Conversely, biomass-derived activated carbon (BAC) offers a low-cost adsorption solution, but it rapidly becomes saturated with toxic oxidation intermediates. Notably, the literature lacks systematic analyses of hybrid SCWO-BAC systems with integrated thermal energy, which represents a crucial gap in assessing their economic feasibility. This review employed a systematic methodology, selecting studies relevant to the topic from peer-reviewed publications and databases, including Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for critical synthesis. Using SCWO as a pretreatment (which significantly reduces COD load), followed by BAC polishing, results in superior detoxification compared to individual processes. However, three barriers hinder scale-up: (i) chloride ion corrosion in real effluents; (ii) irreversible collapse of BAC pores after multiple regeneration cycles; and (iii) absence of standardized ecotoxicity data for hybrid-treated streams. This work outlines a technological roadmap for integrated supercritical water oxidation and biological activated carbon (SCWO-BAC) systems, targeting economically viable operational parameters for industrial-scale implementation.
Journal Article
Heterogeneous Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Supercritical Water Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Industrial Wastewaters Effect of Operational Parameters
This work reports supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater in the absence and presence of catalysts. To increase the efficiency of the oxidation process, the SCWO of organic compounds in industrial wastewater was performed in the presence of various iron- and manganese-containing heterogeneous catalysts (Fe-Ac, Fe-OH, and Mn-Al). The catalytic and non-catalytic SCWO of organic compounds in wastewater from PJSC “Nizhnekamskneftekhim”, generated from the epoxidation of propylene with ethylbenzene hydroperoxide in the process of producing propylene oxide and styrene (PO/SM), was performed. The effect of operational parameters (temperature, pressure, residence time, type of catalysts, oxygen excess ratio, etc.) on the efficiency of the process of oxidation of organic compounds in the wastewater was studied. SCWO was studied in a flow reactor with induction heating under different temperatures (between 673.15 and 873.15 K) and at a pressure of 22.5 MPa. The reaction time ranged from 1.8 to 4.83 min. Compressed air was used as an oxidizing agent (oxidant) with an oxidant ratio of two to four. A pseudo-first-order model expressed the kinetics of the SCWO processes, and the rate constants were evaluated. In the present work, in order to optimize the operation parameters of the SCWO process, we used the thermodynamic properties of near- and supercritical water by taking into account the asymmetric behavior of the liquid–vapor coexistence curve.
Journal Article
Solar-Driven Simultaneous Electrochemical CO2 Reduction and Water Oxidation Using Perovskite Solar Cells
The utilization of solar energy into electrochemical reduction systems has received considerable attention. Most of these attempts have been conducted in a single electrolyte without a membrane. Here, we report the system combined by the electrochemical CO2 reduction on the Au dendrite electrode and the water oxidation on the Co-Pi electrode with a Nafion membrane. An efficient reduction of CO2 to CO in the cathode using the proton from water oxidation in the anode is conducted using perovskite solar cells under 1 sun condition. The sustainable reaction condition is secured by balancing each reaction rate based on products analysis. Through this system, we collect reduction products such as CO and H2 and oxidation product, O2, separately. Employing separation of each electrode system and series-connected perovskite solar cells, we achieve 8% of solar to fuel efficiency with 85% of CO selectivity under 1 sun illumination.
Journal Article
Single Metal‐Embedded Nitrogen Heterocycle Aromatic Catalysts for Efficient and Selective Two‐Electron Water Electrolysis Toward Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an eco‐friendly chemical with widespread industrial applications. However, the commercial anthraquinone process for H2O2 production is energy‐intensive and environmentally harmful, highlighting the need for more sustainable alternatives. The electrochemical production of H2O2 via the two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e⁻ WOR) presents a promising route but is often hindered by low efficiency and selectivity, due to the competition with the oxygen evolution reaction. In this study, we employed high‐throughput computational screening and microkinetic modeling to design a series of efficient 2e⁻ WOR electrocatalysts from a library of 240 single‐metal‐embedded nitrogen heterocycle aromatic molecules (M‐NHAMs). These catalysts, primarily comprising post‐transition metals, such as Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pd, exhibit high activity for H2O2 conversion with a limiting potential approaching the optimal value of 1.76 V. Additionally, they exhibit excellent selectivity, with Faradaic efficiencies exceeding 80% at overpotentials below 300 mV. Structure‐performance analysis reveals that the d‐band center and magnetic moment of the metal center correlated strongly with the oxygen adsorption free energy ( ∆ G O *), suggesting these parameters as key catalytic descriptors for efficient screening and performance optimization. This study contributes to the rational design of highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts for electrochemical production of H2O2, offering a sustainable solution for green energy and industrial applications. High‐throughput screening identifies single‐metal‐embedded nitrogen heterocycle aromatic molecules (M‐NHAMs) as highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts for H2O2 production via 2e⁻ WOR, with Faradaic efficiencies > 80% at low overpotentials. Key descriptors like d‐band center and magnetic moment enable rational design for sustainable green energy applications.
Journal Article
Catalysis of CuSO4 for total organic carbon detection based on supercritical water oxidation
The catalytic effects of CuSO4 in total organic carbon (TOC) detecting processes based on supercritical water oxidation have been investigated. Using benzoic acid as a model pollutant, the presence of a CuSO4 catalyst can significantly decrease the reaction temperature and H2O2 multiple during the TOC detection processes. A better TOC conversion efficiency was obtained at a much lower temperature in the catalytic system compared with the non-catalytic condition. The use of the catalyst effectively lowered the necessary H2O2 multiple from 20.0 without catalyst to 3.0 in the catalytic system. The established device could detect the TOC concentration precisely in model wastewater without inorganic carbon (IC). Moreover, the detection of the practical wastewater was studied. Detection results were total carbon of wastewater rather than TOC of practical wastewater. A detection or removal unit of IC is necessary before it can be practically utilized.
Journal Article