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"PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE"
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IMPROVING SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ TOPIC-SPECIFIC PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE: EVIDENCE FROM LESSON STUDIES
Since pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) influences the teaching-learning process, it has dominated research on teacher effectiveness. This case study explored teachers’ enacted topic-specific PCK (TSPCK) during the biology lesson study stages: planning, teaching, and reflecting. The enacted TSPCK in two video-recorded research lessons was analysed qualitatively. The results showed that the teacher enacted both high-order and low-order pedagogical actions in the enactment of the TSPCK on eight themes, namely: teaching strategies, classroom interactions, representations, curricular saliency, conceptual teaching strategies, students’ prior knowledge and misconceptions, and what makes teaching or learning difficult. The results also show that the teachers’ collective planned TSPCK was more developed than their personal TSPCK, indicating that participation in the lesson study improved the teachers’ TSPCK. The study is important as it shows how teachers enact their personal and collective TSPCK in respiration. It also demonstrates the potential of lesson study to improve teachers’ PCK through collaborative planning and reflection on taught lessons. The study recommends using lesson study to improve teachers’ enacted TSPCK in respiration, and biology as a whole.
Journal Article
Re(Teaching) Trayvon : education for racial justice and human freedom
The authors bring you in this edited volume a collection of essays that address the relationship between racial violence, media, the criminal justice system, and education. This book is unique in that it brings together the perspectives of university professors, artists, poets, community activists, classroom teachers, and legal experts. With the Trayvon Martin murder and legal proceedings at the center of reflection and analysis, authors poignantly provide insight into how racial violence is institutionalized and consumed by the mass public. Authors borrow from educational theory, history, gender studies, sociology, cultural studies, the arts, legal scholarship, and personal reflection to begin the dialogue on how to move toward education for racial and social justice. The book is recommended for secondary educators, community organizers, undergraduate and graduate social science and education courses.
Book
Mediated Effects of Technology Competencies and Experiences on Relations among Attitudes Towards Technology Use, Technology Ownership, and Self Efficacy about Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
This study examined the relations of preservice science teachers' attitudes towards technology use, technology ownership, technology competencies, and experiences to their self-efficacy beliefs about technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The present study also investigated interrelations among preservice teachers' attitudes towards technology use, technology ownership, technology competencies, and experiences. The participants of study were 665 elementaiy preservice science teachers (467 females, 198 males) from 7 colleges in Turkey. The proposed model based on educational technology literature was tested using structural equation modeling. The model testing results revealed that preservice teachers' technology competencies and experiences mediated the relation of technology ownership to their TPACK self efficacy beliefs. The direct relation of their possession of technology to their TPACK self efficacy beliefs was insignificant while the indirect relation through their technology competencies and experiences was significant. The results also indicated there were significant direct effects of preservice teachers' attitudes towards technology use, technology competencies, and experiences on their TPACK self efficacy beliefs.
Journal Article
Locating Personal Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Science Teachers within Stories of Teaching Force and Motion
A narrative inquiry approach was adapted to study teacher’s experiences of planning and teaching force and motion topics. Oral narrative data were collected through interview conversations between the researcher and the teachers about their experiences of planning and teaching force and motion concepts. Narrative analysis technique suggested by Polkinghorne, was employed to develop stories of teaching force and motion—that acceded access to their pPCK. and comprised of small entities of knowledge—pedagogical constructions, which are narrative fragments. Each pedagogical construction was placed on a four-level PCK continuum to assess the breadth and depth of each teacher’s pPCK. A mapping technique was devised to illustrate pPCK of each participant teacher, and a comparative analysis of these illustrations reveals fascinating similarities and differences apparently grounded in individual teacher’s subject area background and their specific teaching experiences. Implications for pre-service science teacher education are discussed.
Journal Article
Enhancing pre-service teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): a mixed-method study
The main aim of this two-step mixed-method study was to explore the effectiveness of the strategies used to prepare pre-service teachers for technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Specifically, we focused on the strategies included in the synthesis of qualitative evidence (SQD) model: (1) using teacher educators as role models, (2) reflecting on the role of technology in education, (3) learning how to use technology by design, (4) collaboration with peers, (5) scaffolding authentic technology experiences, and (6) providing continuous feedback. To explore the relation between the perceived occurrences of the SQD-strategies and TPACK (controlled for pre-service teachers’ general attitudes towards technology), survey data were collected from a sample of 688 final-year pre-service teachers in Belgium. In a next step, 16 telephone interviews and 6 in-depth interviews were conducted to gain a more in-depth insight into the nature of the 6 strategies and their influences on TPACK. The quantitative analyses indicated positive correlations between the SQD-strategies and TPACK, controlled for general attitudes towards technology. The findings from the qualitative analyses showed that teachers acknowledged the importance of the six strategies. However, the respondents emphasized that some of the six strategies are often underutilized. Based on the quantitative and qualitative results, the discussion provides recommendations to improve the potential of pre-service training to enhance future teachers’ TPACK.
Journal Article
A K-6 Computational Thinking Curriculum Framework: Implications for Teacher Knowledge
Adding computer science as a separate school subject to the core K-6 curriculum is a complex issue with educational challenges. The authors herein address two of these challenges: (1) the design of the curriculum based on a generic computational thinking framework, and (2) the knowledge teachers need to teach the curriculum. The first issue is discussed within a perspective of designing an authentic computational thinking curriculum with a focus on real-world problems. The second issue is addressed within the framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge explicating in detail the body of knowledge that teachers need to have to be able to teach computational thinking in a K-6 environment. An example of how these ideas can be applied in practice is also given. While it is recognized there is a lack of adequate empirical evidence in terms of the effectiveness of the frameworks proposed herein, it is expected that our knowledge and research base will dramatically increase over the next several years, as more countries around the world add computer science as a separate school subject to their K-6 curriculum.
Journal Article
Investigating Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers’ cPCK and pPCK on the Knowledge Used in Scientific Process Through CoRe
The study aimed to investigate pre-service early childhood teachers’ (PSTs) collective pedagogical content knowledge (cPCK) and personal pedagogical content knowledge (pPCK) on the knowledge used in scientific process (SP) through the content representation (CoRe) design, interview, and knowledge used in scientific process (KSP) forms. The data were collected from 36 sophomore PSTs’ with a case study design. At the beginning of the data collection process, the PSTs’ prior knowledge used in SP was determined individually through a pre-interview and the KSP form. At the conclusion of the 13-week science-focused course, post-interviews, the KSP form, and the CoRe form were applied again. The CoRe forms were filled collectively based on their science activities, which were designed at the end of the science course. The PCK developed by Magnusson et al. was used for data analysis and to decide on the main themes of the data. The study’s findings revealed that the PSTs initially had some misconceptions relating to knowledge of SP. While the participants were confused about the knowledge used in SP and made incorrect definitions prior to the science-focused course, nearly all of the PSTs’ conception were changed on all of the concepts used in SP and reflected the most confused skills (especially observing and measuring) to their teaching plans after the course. Therefore, their pPCK and cPCK development were supported by both the science-focused course and collaborative CoRe design. The findings of the study have important implications for government policies and teacher training programs.
Journal Article
Impact of Content Knowledge on Pedagogical Content Knowledge in the Context of Cell Division
This study focused on how science teachers' content knowledge influences their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) with respect to the topic of cell division. The data were collected from 3 in-service teachers using interviews; observations; and teacher-provided documents, including written-answer exams. The participants' content knowledge was analyzed by inductive coding with respect to conceptual understanding, whereas their PCK was analyzed by within-case analysis followed by cross-case analysis to show how content knowledge affects PCK. The findings showed that content knowledge may support knowledge of what students understand in science as well as knowledge of instructional strategies, whereas the impact of content knowledge on teachers' knowledge of the science curriculum and their knowledge of assessment in science is complicated. Moreover, content knowledge may not have any effect on teachers' orientations toward teaching science. Implications for science teacher education and research are discussed.
Journal Article
Dialogic pedagogy
This book provides a wide-ranging and in-depth theoretical perspective on dialogue in teaching. It explores the philosophy of dialogism as a social theory of language and explains its importance in teaching and learning. Departing from the more traditional teacher-led mode of teacher–student communication, the dialogic approach is more egalitarian and focuses on the discourse exchange between the parties. Authors explore connections between dialogic pedagogy and sociocultural learning theory, and argue that dialogic interaction between teacher and learners is vital if instruction is to lead to cognitive development. The book also presents prosody as a critical resource for understanding between teachers and students, and includes some of the first empirical studies of speech prosody in classroom discourse.
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