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Banned : a history of pesticides and the science of toxicology
\"Rachel Carson's seminal book Silent Spring, published in 1962, stands as one of the most important books of the twentieth century. Powerful and eloquent, the book exposed the dangers of indiscriminate chemical pesticide use. It also inspired important and long-lasting changes in environmental science and government policy. In this thought-provoking volume, Frederick Rowe Davis sets Carson's scientific work in the context of the twentieth century, reconsiders her achievement, and analyzes the legacy of her work in the light of toxic chemical use and regulation today. Davis examines the history of pesticide development alongside the evolution of the science of toxicology. He also tracks legislation governing exposure to chemicals from the early 1900s to the end of the century. Against this historical backdrop, the author affirms the brilliance of Carson's careful scientific interpretations drawing on university and government toxicologists. And yet, while Silent Spring instigated legislation that successfully terminated DDT use, other warnings were ignored. Carson and others recognized the extraordinary toxicity of organophosphate insecticides, yet until recently these dominated pesticide markets in the United States and worldwide. In a tragic irony, one poison was replaced with even more dangerous ones. This compelling book urges new thinking about the ways we develop, use, evaluate, and regulate pesticides while taking into account their ecological and human toll.\"--Jacket.
Book
Preparation and Property Characterization of Smsub.2EuSbOsub.7/ZnBiSbOsub.5 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Photodegradation of Parathion Methyl under Visible Light Irradiation
An unprecedented photocatalyst, Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7], was successfully fabricated in this paper, through a high-temperature solid-state calcination method, which represented its first ever synthesis. Additionally, using the solvothermal method, the Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7]/ZnBiSbO[sub.5] heterojunction photocatalyst (SZHP) was fabricated, marking its debut in this study. XRD analysis confirmed that both Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7] and ZnBiSbO[sub.5] exhibited pyrochlore-type crystal structures with a cubic lattice, belonging to the Fd3m space group. The crystal cell parameter was determined to be 10.5682 Å or 10.2943 Å for Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7] or ZnBiSbO[sub.5], respectively. The band gap width measured for Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7] or ZnBiSbO[sub.5] was 2.73 eV or 2.61 eV, respectively. Under visible light irradiation for 150 min (VLTI-150 min), SZHP exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity, achieving 100% removal of parathion methyl (PM) concentration and 99.45% removal of total organic carbon (TOC) concentration. The kinetic constant (k) for PM degradation and visible light illumination treatment was determined to be 0.0206 min[sup.−1], with a similar constant k of 0.0202 min[sup.−1] observed for TOC degradation. Remarkably, SZHP exhibited superior PM removal rates compared with Sm[sub.2]EuSbO[sub.7], ZnBiSbO[sub.5], or N-doped TiO[sub.2] photocatalyst, accompanied by removal rates 1.09 times, 1.20 times, or 2.38 times higher, respectively. Furthermore, the study investigated the oxidizing capability of free radicals through the use of trapping agents. The results showed that hydroxyl radicals had the strongest oxidative capability, followed by superoxide anions and holes. These findings provide a solid scientific foundation for future research and development of efficient heterojunction compound catalysts.
Journal Article
Toxic legacy : how the weedkiller glyphosate is destroying our health and the environment
\"The Silent Spring of our time From an MIT scientist, mounting evidence that the active ingredient in the world's most commonly used weedkiller is responsible for debilitating chronic diseases, including cancer, liver disease, and more Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup, the most commonly used weedkiller in the world. Nearly 300 million pounds of glyphosate-based herbicide are sprayed on farms-and food-every year. Agrichemical companies claim that glyphosate is safe for humans, animals, and the environment. But emerging scientific research on glyphosate's deadly disruption of the gut microbiome, its crippling effect on protein synthesis, and its impact on the body's ability to use and transport sulfur-not to mention several landmark legal cases- tells a very different story. In Toxic Legacy, MIT senior research scientist Stephanie Seneff, PhD presents stunning evidence based on countless published, peer-reviewed studies that glyphosate plays a major role in skyrocketing rates of chronic diseases, including cancer, gut dysbiosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autism, infertility, and more. Dr. Seneff describes glyphosate's unique mechanism of toxicity that slowly erodes human health over time, as well as its impact on soil, ecosystems, and the nutritional quality of the nation's food supply. As Rachel Carson did with DDT in the 1960's, Stephanie Seneff sounds the alarm on glyphosate, giving you essential information to protect your health, your family's health, and the planet on which we all depend\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The reaction of heaptocytes to the effects of pesticides
The work is devoted to the study of the effect of pesticides on the morphological structure of the liver in experimental animals. The work was performed in a scientific laboratory. Modeling was performed in 138 outbred white rats. The morphological changes in dynamics were studied and appropriate conclusions were drawn on structural changes and the possibilities of correction were indicated.
Journal Article
Understanding Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
Explores Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring's historical context and its influence on and repercussions for the world.
Book
Insecticides-soil microbiota interactions
This book provides information about the nontarget nature of selected soil enzymes which are implicated in soil fertility and health and the methods for their assay. It also shows how these soil enzymes are affected by two different pesticides, buprofezin and acephate, used both extensively and intensively in modern agriculture.
Book
Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment
Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world’s population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production. About one-third of agricultural products are produced depending on the application of pesticides. Without the use of pesticides, there would be a 78% loss of fruit production, a 54% loss of vegetable production, and a 32% loss of cereal production. Therefore, pesticides play a critical role in reducing diseases and increasing crop yields worldwide. Thus, it is essential to discuss the agricultural development process; the historical perspective, types and specific uses of pesticides; and pesticide behavior, its contamination, and adverse effects on the natural environment. The review study indicates that agricultural development has a long history in many places around the world. The history of pesticide use can be divided into three periods of time. Pesticides are classified by different classification terms such as chemical classes, functional groups, modes of action, and toxicity. Pesticides are used to kill pests and control weeds using chemical ingredients; hence, they can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants, as well as air, water, soil, and crops. Moreover, pesticide contamination moves away from the target plants, resulting in environmental pollution. Such chemical residues impact human health through environmental and food contamination. In addition, climate change-related factors also impact on pesticide application and result in increased pesticide usage and pesticide pollution. Therefore, this review will provide the scientific information necessary for pesticide application and management in the future.
Journal Article