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The book covers basic approaches to the nuclear fuel state of energy reactors in the last stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, these have been developed by the authors based on Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operational experience. The book starts by looking at the physical safety basis of water-water energetic reactor (WWER) nuclear fuel. It goes on to discuss modern approaches to the heat exchange modelling in nuclear power plant equipment. Next, the safety criteria when making a decision about dry storage for WWER-1000 fuel assembly are discussed. Then the effect of reactor capacity cyclic changes on energy accumulation of creep formations in fuel cladding is covered in full, along with a chapter on the analysis of WWER-1000 fuel cladding failure. Finally, the book finishes with a description of thermal safety criteria for dry storage of spent nuclear fuel. The book is essential reading for anyone concerned with NPP maintenance and safety.

Sensors and measurement systems is an introduction to microsensors for engineering students in the final undergraduate or early graduate level, technicians who wants to know more about the systems they are using, and anybody curious enough to know what microsystems and microsensors can do. The book discusses five families of sensors: - Thermal sensors - Force and pressure sensors - Inertial sensors - Magnetic field sensors - Flow sensors For each sensor, theoretical, technology and application aspects are examined. The sensor function is modelled to understand sensitivity, resolution and noise. We ask ourselves: What do we want to measure? What are possible applications? How are the sensor chips made in the cleanroom? How are they mounted and integrated in a system? After reading this book, you should be able to: - Understand important thermal, mechanical, inertial and magnetic sensors - Work with characterization parameters for sensors - Choose sensors for a given application and apply them - Understand micromachining technologies for sensors

Electronic Conduction: Classical and Quantum Theory to Nanoelectronic Devices provides a concise, complete introduction to the fundamental principles of electronic conduction in microelectronic and nanoelectronic devices, with an emphasis on integrating the quantum aspects of conduction. The chapter coverage begins by presenting the classical theory of conduction, including introductory chapters on quantum mechanics and the solid state, then moving to a complete presentation of essential theory for understanding modern electronic devices. The author's unique approach is applicable to microscale and nanoscale device simulation, is particularly timely given the explosion in the nanoelectronics field. Features Self-contained. Gives a complete introduction to classical and quantum aspects of conduction in nanometer scale devices. Emphasizes core principles and provides a fully self-contained treatment of the field. Highlights the bridge to modern electronics, first presenting the physics then the engineering complications related to quantum behaviour. Includes many clear illustrative diagrams and chapter problem sets. Showcases why quantum mechanics is necessary with modern devices due to their size and corresponding electron transport properties. Gives a comprehensive overview of the literature and will enable readers to conduct their own research.

Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction for Device Physicists and Electrical Engineers, Third Edition provides a complete course in quantum mechanics for students of semiconductor device physics and electrical engineering. It provides the necessary background to quantum theory for those starting work on micro- and nanoelectronic structures and is particularly useful for those beginning work with modern semiconductors devices, lasers, and qubits. This book was developed from a course the author has taught for many years with a style and order of presentation of material specifically designed for this audience. It introduces the main concepts of quantum mechanics which are important in everyday solid-state physics and electronics. Each topic includes examples which have been carefully chosen to draw upon relevant experimental research. It also includes problems with solutions to test understanding of theory. Full updated throughout, the third edition contains the latest developments, experiments, and device concepts, in addition to three fully revised chapters on operators and expectations and spin angular momentum, it contains completely new material on superconducting devices and approaches to quantum computing. Features: A fully comprehensive and accessible textbook suitable for students in both physics and engineering Includes the latest developments in the field, including in the areas of micro- and nanoelectronic structures, semiconductors, and quantum computing Contains new references for further reading and exercises to test understanding

In the past, several books have been written on various aspects of the physics of the Sun that are either at a very popular level, or highly technical and theory oriented with lots of mathematical details. This book aims at providing the essence of challenges and the exciting developments that have taken place in the last couple of decades in solar instrumentation and observing capabilities in various wavelengths, in optical (visible) and invisible windows, of the electromagnetic spectrum. These developments have led to inferences that unravel many hitherto unknown phenomena and helped in new discoveries in the frontier areas of solar physics. These involve the invisible outer layers of the solar atmosphere, and the deep solar interior hidden beneath the visible “surface”, the photosphere. Our aim in this book is to update these recent developments by elaborating on the instrumentations, observations and deriving physical inferences. It is expected that this book will be useful to general readers interested in the Sun, as well as to the students of physics, space sciences, solar physics and astronomy.

Cosmic inflation and dark energy hold the key to the origin and the eventual fate of the Universe. Despite the increasing prominence of these subjects in research and teaching over the past decade or more, no introductory textbook dedicated to these topics has been previously published. Dr Konstantinos Dimopoulos is a highly regarded expert in the field, and an experienced communicator of the subject to students. In this book he provides advanced undergraduate and early graduate students with an accessible introduction and equips them with the tools they need to understand the cosmology of cosmic inflation and dark energy. Features: Provides a concise, pedagogical \"crash course\" in big bang cosmology, focusing on the dynamics and the history of the Universe, with an emphasis on the role of dark energy Chapters contain questions and problems for readers to test their understanding The first book to make cosmic inflation and dark energy accessible to students

Giant vesicles are widely used as a model membrane system, both for basic biological systems and for their promising applications in the development of smart materials and cell mimetics, as well as in driving new technologies in synthetic biology and for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. The reader is guided to use giant vesicles, from the formation of simple membrane platforms to advanced membrane and cell system models. It also includes fundamentals for understanding lipid or polymer membrane structure, properties and behavior. Every chapter includes ideas for further applications and discussions on the implications of the observed phenomena towards understanding membrane-related processes. The Giant Vesicle Book is meant to be a road companion, a trusted guide for those making their first steps in this field as well as a source of information required by experts. Key Features • A complete summary of the field, covering fundamental concepts, practical methods, core theory, and the most promising applications • A start-up package of theoretical and experimental information for newcomers in the field • Extensive protocols for establishing the required preparations and assays • Tips and instructions for carefully performing and interpreting measurements with giant vesicles or for observing them, including pitfalls • Approaches developed for investigating giant vesicles as well as brief overviews of previous studies implementing the described techniques • Handy tables with data and structures for ready reference Part I: The making of Chapter 1 Preparation methods for giant unilamellar vesicles - Rumiana Dimova, Pasquale Stano, Carlos M. Marques and Peter Walde Chapter 2 Preparation and properties of giant plasma membrane vesicles and giant unilamellar vesicles from natural membranes - Joseph H. Lorent and Ilya Levental Chapter 3 Protein reconstitution in giant vesicles - Matthias Garten, Daniel Lévy and Patricia Bassereau　 Chapter 4 GUVs with cytoskeleton - Tobias Härtel and Petra Schwille Part II: Giant vesicles theoretically and in silico Chapter 5 Understanding giant vesicles – a theoretical perspective - Reinhard Lipowsky Chapter 6 Simulating membranes, vesicles, and cells - Thorsten Auth, Dmitry A. Fedosov and Gerhard Gompper Chapter 7 Theory of vesicle dynamics in flow and electric fields - Petia M. Vlahovska and Chaouqi Misbah Chapter 8 Particle-membrane interactions - Jaime Agudo-Canalejo, Reinhard Lipowsky Chapter 9 Theory of polymer-membrane interactions - Fabrice Thalmann and Carlos M. Marques Part III: GUV-based techniques and what one can learn from them Chapter 10 Application of optical microscopy techniques on giant unilamellar vesicles - Luis A. Bagatolli Chapter 11 Mechanics assays of synthetic lipid membranes based on micropipette aspiration - Elisa Parra and David Needham Chapter 12 Atomic force microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles - Andreas Janshoff Chapter 13 Manipulation and biophysical characterization of GUVs with an optical stretcher - Gheorghe Cojoc, Antoine Girot, Ulysse Delabre and Jochen Guck Chapter 14 Vesicle fluctuation analysis - John Hjort Ipsen, Allan Grønhøj Hansen and Tripta Bhatia Chapter 15 Using electric fields to assess membrane material properties in GUVs - Rumiana Dimova and　　Karin A. Riske Chapter 16 Creating membrane nanotubes from GUVs - Coline Prévost, Mijo Simunovic and Patricia Bassereau Chapter 17 Measuring GUV adhesion - Kheya Sengupta and Ana Smith Chapter 18 Phase diagrams and tie lines in GUVs - Matthew C. Blosser, Caitlin Cornell, Scott P. Rayermann and Sarah L. Keller Chapter 19 Vesicle dynamics in flow: an experimental approach - Victor Steinberg and Michael Levant Chapter 20 Membrane permeability measurements - Begoña Ugarte-Uribe, Ana J. García-Sáez and Mireille M. A. E. Claessens Part IV: GUVs as membrane interaction platforms Chapter 21 - Lipid and protein mobility in GUVs - Begoña Ugarte-Uribe, Kushal Kumar Das and Ana J. García-Sáez Chapter 22 Shining light on membranes - Rosangela Itri, Carlos M. Marques and Mauricio S. Baptista Chapter 23 Protein-membrane interactions - Eva M Schmid and Daniel A Fletcher Chapter 24 Effects of antimicrobial peptides and detergents on GUVs - Karin A. Riske Chapter 25 Lipid-polymer interactions: effect on GUVs shapes and behavior - Brigitte Pépin-Donat, François Quemeneur and Clément Campillo Part V: GUVs as complex membrane containers Chapter 26 Polymersomes - Praful Nair, David Christian and Dennis E. Discher Chapter 27 Giant hybrid polymer/lipid vesicles - Thi Phuong Tuyen Dao, Khalid Ferji, Fabio Fernandes, Manuel Prieto, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Emmanuel Ibarboure, Olivier Sandre and Jean-François Le Meins Chapter 28 Giant unilamellar vesicles: from protocell models to the construction of minimal cells - Masayuki Imai and Peter Walde Chapter 29 Encapsulation of aqueous two-phase systems and gels within giant lipid vesicles - Allyson M. Marianelli and Christine D. Keating Chapter 30 Droplet-supported giant lipid vesicles as compartments for synthetic biology - Johannes P. Frohnmayer, Marian Weiss, Lucia T. Benk, Jan-Willi Janiesch, Barbara Haller, Rafael B. Lira, Rumiana Dimova, Ilia Plazman and Joachim P. Spatz Appendices Appendix 1 List of lipids and physical constants of lipid bilayers Appendix 2 List of membrane dyes and fluorescent groups conjugated to lipids Appendix 3 List of detergents Appendix 4 List of water-soluble dyes or their fluorescent groups and their structures Rumiana Dimova leads an experimental lab in biophysics at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam, Germany. She has been working with giant vesicles already from the beginning of her scientific career. After being introduced into the magic of their preparation during her studies as a student in Bulgaria, she remained fascinated by their application and over the years pursued a variety of projects employing giant vesicles as a platform to develop new methods for the biophysical characterization of membranes and processes involving them. Until now, these studies have resulted in more than hundred peer-reviewed publications. Recently, she was also awarded the Emmy Noether distinction for women in physics of the European Physical Society. Carlos Marques , a CNRS senior scientist, founded the MCube group at the Charles Sadron Institute in Strasbourg, France, where he gears experimental and theoretical research towards the understanding of the physical properties of self-assembled lipid bilayers. Trained as a polymer theoretician, Carlos first got interested in membranes because they interact with polymers and published the first prediction for the membrane changes expected when polymers adsorb on lipid bilayers. He then expanded the scope of his group to include experiments and numerical simulations, and has now published many papers based on research with giant unilamellar vesicles, including the first study of lipid oxidation in GUVs and the discovery of the so-called PVA method for vesicle growth.

This book is intended as a graduate/post graduate level textbook for courses on high-speed optical networks as well as computer networks. The ten chapters cover basic principles of the technology as well as latest developments and further discuss network security, survivability, and reliability of optical networks and priority schemes used in wavelength routing. This book also goes on to examine Fiber To The Home (FTTH) standards and their deployment and research issues and includes examples in all the chapters to aid the understanding of problems and solutions. Presents advanced concepts of optical network devices Includes examples and exercises inall the chapters of the book to aid the understanding of basic problems and solutions for undergraduate and postgraduate students Discusses optical ring metropolitan area networks and queuing system and its interconnection with other networks Discusses routing and wavelength assignment Examines restoration schemes in the survivability of optical networks