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To address the challenge of monitoring BeiDou RDSS signals under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high-dynamic conditions, this paper introduces a hierarchical joint processing algorithm combining PMF-FFT and PMF-FRFT. The method counters the energy dispersion issue in conventional FFT-based techniques by employing a two-stage “coarse–fine” strategy. A computationally efficient PMF-FFT performs a rapid coarse search, followed by an intelligent trigger, based on a correlation peak morphology, that initiates a localized PMF-FRFT fine search for high-dynamic signals, to precisely estimate the code phase, center frequency, and Doppler rate. Experimental results demonstrated that the algorithm’s acquisition performance was comparable to a global PMF-FRFT search and superior to the conventional PMF-FFT, achieving a 4.91% correlation peak improvement at −10 dB SNR and a gain of nearly 30% in extreme conditions (−20 dB SNR, 1000 Hz offset). Crucially, its average processing time (∼0.088 s) was on the same order of magnitude as PMF-FFT (∼0.0568 s) and significantly faster than global PMF-FRFT (∼0.3317 s). The proposed algorithm effectively balances detection performance with computational efficiency, offering a viable solution for the real-time monitoring of high-dynamic DSSS signals.

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is the most aggressive of the myeloproliferative neoplasms and patients require greater attention and likely require earlier therapeutic intervention. Currently approved treatment options are limited in their selective suppression of clonal proliferation resulting from driver- and coexisting gene mutations. Janus kinase inhibitors are approved for symptomatic patients with higher-risk PMF. Additionally, most ongoing clinical studies focus on patients with higher-risk disease and/or high rates of transfusion dependency. Optimal treatment of early/lower-risk PMF remains to be identified and needs randomized clinical trial evaluations. Pegylated interferon alfa is recommended for symptomatic lower-risk PMF patients based on phase 2 non-randomized studies and expert opinion. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (ropeg) is a new-generation pegylated interferon-based therapy with favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles, requiring less frequent injections than prior formulations. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial will assess its efficacy and safety in patients with “early/lower-risk PMF”, defined as pre-fibrotic PMF or PMF at low or intermediate-1 risk according to Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System-plus. Co-primary endpoints include clinically relevant complete hematologic response and symptom endpoint. Secondary endpoints include progression- or event-free survival, molecular response in driver or relevant coexisting gene mutations, bone marrow response, and safety. Disease progression and events are defined based on the International Working Group criteria and well-published reports. 150 eligible patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either ropeg or placebo. Blinded sample size re-estimation is designed. Ropeg will be administered subcutaneously with a tolerable, higher starting-dose regimen. The study will provide important data for the treatment of early/lower-risk PMF for which an anti-clonal, disease-modifying agent is highly needed.

In wild type plants, decreasing CO lowers the activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase, slowing proton efflux from the thylakoid lumen resulting in buildup of thylakoid proton motive force ( ). The resulting acidification of the lumen regulates both light harvesting, via the q mechanism, and photosynthetic electron transfer through the cytochrome complex. Here, we show that the mutant of Arabidopsis, harboring single point mutation in its γ-subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase, increases the specific activity of the ATP synthase and disables its down-regulation under low CO . The increased thylakoid proton conductivity (g ) in results in decreased and lumen acidification, preventing full activation of q and more rapid electron transfer through the complex, particularly under low CO and fluctuating light. These conditions favor the accumulation of electrons on the acceptor side of PSI, and result in severe loss of PSI activity. Comparing the current results with previous work on the mutant suggests a general mechanism where increased PSI photodamage in both mutants is caused by loss of , rather than inhibition of CEF . Overall, our results support a critical role for ATP synthase regulation in maintaining photosynthetic control of electron transfer to prevent photodamage.

To evaluate the prevalence of burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and US workers in 2014 relative to 2011. From August 28, 2014, to October 6, 2014, we surveyed both US physicians and a probability-based sample of the general US population using the methods and measures used in our 2011 study. Burnout was measured using validated metrics, and satisfaction with work-life balance was assessed using standard tools. Of the 35,922 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 6880 (19.2%) completed surveys. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 54.4% (n=3680) of the physicians reported at least 1 symptom of burnout in 2014 compared with 45.5% (n=3310) in 2011 (P<.001). Satisfaction with work-life balance also declined in physicians between 2011 and 2014 (48.5% vs 40.9%; P<.001). Substantial differences in rates of burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance were observed by specialty. In contrast to the trends in physicians, minimal changes in burnout or satisfaction with work-life balance were observed between 2011 and 2014 in probability-based samples of working US adults, resulting in an increasing disparity in burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians relative to the general US working population. After pooled multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, and hours worked per week, physicians remained at an increased risk of burnout (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.80-2.16; P<.001) and were less likely to be satisfied with work-life balance (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75; P<.001). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in US physicians worsened from 2011 to 2014. More than half of US physicians are now experiencing professional burnout.

Objective Since prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) was recognized as a separate entity in the 2016 revised classification of MPN differed from essential thrombocythemia (ET) or overt fibrotic primary myelofibrosis (overt PMF), it has been a subject of debate among experts due to its indefinite diagnosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical parameters, haematologic information, and genetic mutations of patients who were diagnosed with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) according to the WHO 2016 criteria in China, including 56 ET patients, 19 pre-PMF patients, and 43 overt PMF patients. Results Pre-PMF patients exhibited higher leukocyte counts [14.2(6.0–28.1) × 10 9 /L vs 9.6(4.0–55.0) × 10 9 /L, P  = 0.003], LDH values [307(233–479)U/L vs 241(129–1182)U/L, P  < 0.001], onset ages [67(32–76) years vs 50(16–79) years, P = 0.006], a higher frequency of splenomegaly(47.4% vs 16.7%, P  = 0.018) and hypertension (57.9 vs 23.2%, P  = 0.005) than ET patients. On the other hand, pre-PMF patients had higher platelet counts [960(500–2245) × 10 9 /L vs 633(102–1720) × 10 9 /L, P  = 0.017], haemoglobin levels [152(115–174)g/L vs 119(71–200)g/L, P  = 0.003], lower LDH values [307(233–479)U/L vs 439(134–8100)U/L, P  = 0.007] and a lower frequency of splenomegaly(47.4 vs 75.6%, P  = 0.031) than overt PMF patients. Next-generation sequencing landscape was performed in 50 patients, revealed the frequency of EP300 mutations was significantly increased in pre-PMF patients compared with ET and overt PMF patients (60 vs 10 vs 15.79%, P  = 0.033), and WT1 was more often overexpressed ( WT1/ABL1 copies ≥ 1.0%) in patients with overt PMF than in those with ET or pre-PMF(54.55 vs 16.67 vs 17.65%, P  = 0.009). In terms of outcome, male sex, along with symptoms including MPN10, anaemia (haemoglobin < 120 g/L), thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 × 10 9 /L), leucocytosis (leukocyte counts > 13 × 10 9 /L), high LDH value (> 350U/L), splenomegaly, WT1 overexpression( WT1/ABL1 copies ≥ 1.0%), KMT2A , ASXL1 and TP53 mutations, indicated a poor prognosis for PMF patients. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that a comprehensive evaluation of BM features, clinical phenotypes, haematologic parameters, and molecular profiles is needed for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of ET, pre-PMF, and overt PMF patients.

This study investigated the spatial distribution, contamination, potential ecological risks and quantities of pollutant sources of six heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of 47 rivers. The catchments of the investigated rivers are situated in Poland, but some of them are located in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Cluster analysis was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in river sediments. Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were calculated to reveal the distribution pattern and hotspot values. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to identify pollution sources. Furthermore, geochemical indices and sediment quality guidelines allowed us to assess sediment contamination and potential toxic effects on aquatic biota. The results showed that in 1/3rd of the rivers, the HM pattern and concentrations indicate sediment contamination. The EF, PLI, and MPI indices indicate that concentrations were at a rather low level in 2/3rd of the analyzed rivers. Only in individual rivers may the HMs have toxic effects on aquatic biota. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using the Moran I statistic revealed a random and dispersed pattern of HMs in river sediments. PCA analysis identified two sources of HMs’ delivery to the aquatic environment. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn originate from point and non-point sources, while Cd concentrations have a dominant natural origin. The PMF identified three sources of pollution. Among them, urban pollution sources are responsible for Cu delivery, agricultural pollution for Zn, and industrial pollution for Ni and Cr. Moreover, the analysis showed no relationship between catchment land-use patterns and HM content in river sediments.

Phenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, cyanidin, tangeretin, hesperetin, curcumin, resveratrol, etc.) are known to have health-promoting effects and they are accepted as one of the main proposed nutraceutical group. However, their application is limited owing to the problems related with their stability and water solubility as well as their low bioaccessibility and bioavailability. These limitations can be overcome by encapsulating phenolic compounds by physical, physicochemical and chemical encapsulation techniques. This review focuses on the effects of encapsulation, especially lipid-based techniques (emulsion/nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes/nanoliposomes, etc.), on the digestibility characteristics of phenolic compounds in terms of bioaccessibility and bioavailability.

This study investigated 16 United States environmental protection agency priority PAHs profiles and their sources in 40 urban soils collected from two industrialised cities, Jamshedpur and Bokaro, in east India and assessed their health risk to humans. The results showed the predominance of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (4–5 rings). The total PAHs concentration in surface soils ranged from 2223 to 11,266 ng/g and 729 to 5359 ng/g (dw), respectively, for Jamshedpur and Bokaro. Higher concentrations of PAHs were recorded at the selected industrial areas and heavy traffic zones of both cities. In JSR city 4-ring PAHs contributed 43% of total PAHs trailed by 5-ring PAHs 27.2%. Similarly, in BKR city 4-ring PAHs contributed 34% of the total PAHs, followed by 3-ring PAHs 28.9% and 5-ring PAHs 22.9%. Total organic carbon in surface soils exhibited moderate correlation with the low molecular weight (ΣLMW) PAHs (R2 = 0.69) and a comparatively strong correlation with the ΣHMW PAHs (R2 = 0.89), suggesting strong adsorption of HMW PAHs to urban soils. The Diagnostic and PMF modelling analysis indicated that the major sources of PAHs contamination in soils were petroleum combustion, vehicular emissions, biomass, and coal combustion. The health risk assessment shows that the cumulative probability of carcinogenic risks was under the acceptable limits of 10–4 to 10–6. At some sampling areas in both cities, the maximum value of total exposure cancer risk slightly exceeded the acceptable limits indicating some carcinogenic risk for adults.

In today’s interconnected society, cyberattacks have become more frequent and sophisticated, and existing intrusion detection systems may not be adequate in the complex cyberthreat landscape. For instance, existing intrusion detection systems may have overfitting, low classification accuracy, and high false positive rate (FPR) when faced with significantly large volume and variety of network data. An intrusion detection approach based on improved deep belief network (DBN) is proposed in this paper to mitigate the above problems, where the dataset is processed by probabilistic mass function (PMF) encoding and Min-Max normalization method to simplify the data preprocessing. Furthermore, a combined sparsity penalty term based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and non-mean Gaussian distribution is introduced in the likelihood function of the unsupervised training phase of DBN, and sparse constraints retrieve the sparse distribution of the dataset, thus avoiding the problem of feature homogeneity and overfitting. Finally, simulation experiments are performed on the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 public datasets. The proposed method achieves 96.17% and 86.49% accuracy, respectively. Experimental results show that compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method achieves significant improvement in classification accuracy and FPR.

Wintertime non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM 1 ) species were measured in Delhi with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) during February–March 2018. The average NR-PM 1 mass concentration throughout the study was 58.0 ± 42.6 µg m −3 , where the contribution of organic aerosol (OA) was 69% of the total NR-PM 1 . In Delhi, chloride (10%) was the main inorganic contributor, followed by ammonium (8%), sulfate (7%), and nitrate (6%), contrasting with the prevalence of sulfate in most urban environments. Source apportionment analysis of the OA identified five major factors, including three primary contributors: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking-related OA (COA) and two secondary contributors: oxygenated primary OA (OPOA), and more-oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA). A 19% rise in OPOA concentration was observed during high chloride episodes, suggesting the potential role of chloride in the atmospheric chemical transformation of OA. Traffic emissions significantly contribute to ambient OA, accounting for at least 41% of the total OA mass. Furthermore, the OA exhibited low oxidation levels regardless of its source. The f 44 : f 43 analysis revealed slower atmospheric oxidization of OA compared to other urban locations worldwide. Further investigations, including chamber experiments tailored to the Delhi atmosphere, are necessary to elucidate the atmospheric oxidants and the genesis of secondary OA alongside primary emissions.