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I summarise and discuss the effects of environmental factors and culture conditions on the productivity of recombinant proteins, including biopharmaceuticals, in Nicotiana benthamiana via transient gene expression platforms. A primary focus is on controlled‐environment plant cultivation systems such as plant factories with artificial lighting. Before gene transfer, sufficient leaf biomass accumulation is suggested to contribute positively to subsequent target protein expression per unit of leaf biomass. Increasing the plant density and extending the photoperiod may be simple methods for increasing biomass productivity per unit of cultivation area; however, careful evaluation is needed to determine the effectiveness of these methods. Strictly regulated plant growth conditions should be crucial not only after but also before gene transfer to reduce batch‐to‐batch variation in target protein productivity. After gene transfer, target protein accumulation in leaves is highly sensitive to temperature. In this context, not only the air temperature but also the leaf temperature should be considered, given that the two temperatures can differ as a result of the leaf energy balance. Agroinfiltrated leaves often exhibit necrosis, which has been suggested to be triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress, followed by oxidative stress. Lowering the air temperature or applying ascorbic acid can reduce the severity of necrosis. Light may only be necessary for specific timings after agroinfiltration, although more work is needed to draw general conclusions. A detached leaf‐based system may be a promising choice because the handling of plant materials is easier than a whole plant‐based system. Finally, current conclusions and future perspectives are provided.

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a product that can greatly alleviate problems related to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, replacing such a battery will increase the cost of usage before the end of the life of a HEV. Thus, research on the multi-objective energy management control problem, which aims to not only minimize the gasoline consumption and consumed electricity but also prolong battery life, is necessary and challenging for HEV. This paper presents an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy based on a recurrent neural network (RNN-A-ECMS) to solve the multi-objective optimal control problem for a plug-in HEV (PHEV). The two objectives of energy consumption and battery loss are balanced in the cost function by a weighting factor that changes in real time with the operating mode and current state of the vehicle. The near-global optimality of the energy management control is guaranteed by the equivalent factor (EF) in the designed A-ECMS. As the determined EF is dependent on the optimal co-state of the Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP), which results in the online ECMS being regarded as a realization of PMP-based global optimization during the whole driving cycle. The time-varying weight factor and the co-state of the PMP are map tables on the state of charge (SOC) of the battery and power demand, which are established offline by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and real historical traffic data. In addition to the mappings of the weight factor and the major component of the EF linked to the optimal co-state of the PMP, the real-time performance of the energy management control is also guaranteed by the tuning component of the EF of A-ECMS resulting from the Proportional plus Integral (PI) control on the deviation between the battery SOC and the optimal trajectory of the SOC obtained by the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The RNN is trained offline by the SOC trajectory optimized by dynamic programming (DP) utilizing the historical traffic data. Finally, the effectiveness and the adaptability of the proposed RNN-A-ECMS are demonstrated on the test platform of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on GT-SUITE (a professional integrated simulation platform for engine/vehicle systems developed by Gamma Technologies of US company) compared with the existing strategy.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is the intraperitoneal accumulation of mucus due to a mucinous tumor. PMP predominantly occurs in low-grade carcinomas. The incidence rate of PMP is one to two cases per million people per year. The standard therapy of PMP comprises complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. PMP recurs in about 50% of patients, and 30–40% are unable to receive the standard treatment because of its invasiveness. Therefore, novel therapies are of the utmost necessity. For basic and pre-clinical research, patient-derived cell lines are essential resources. However, only two PMP cell lines have been reported. Thus, we established a novel PMP cell line from resected metastatic PMP tissue. The cell line, named NCC-PMP1-C1, was maintained for more than 5 months and was passaged 25 times. NCC-PMP1-C1 cells demonstrated multiple amplifications and deletions, slow growth, tumorigenic ability, and dissemination of tumor cells in nude mice. We also used NCC-PMP1-C1 cells to screen drugs, which demonstrated a significant response to daunorubicin HCl, homoharringtonine, mitomycin C, and ponatinib. The NCC-PMP1-C1 cell line is the first PMP cell line derived from metastasized tissue and will be a potential resource for basic and pre-clinical research of metastasized PMP.

The challenges and problems of managing good biosecurity are wide‐ranging and multifactorial with many compounding factors to pre‐dispose farmed stocks to an increased risk of infection with consequential stock losses. Many challenges are anthropogenic in origin and may be the result of the physical location (site) and/or the poor design of the production facility (i.e., water re‐use; lack of zoning based on biosecurity risk, etc.) as well as from inappropriate decisions and practices made once the site is in production (i.e., pushing the system for increased biomass production). There is a need for better regulation and health legislation across aquaculture—an industry that embraces the culture of >500 species. In the absence of regulatory frameworks and culture guidelines, it is difficult for farmers to apply certain measures such as maximum stocking densities and maximum allowed biomass, conduct disease surveillance and regular health checks, and report diseases to relevant authorities for advice. In this review, we have identified several issues which are continuing to challenge the design and implementation of efficient and effective biosecurity strategies and protocols at all levels, requiring attention over the coming decade. They are, not in any order of priority: (a) healthy seed, (b) emergency preparedness and response, (c) diagnostics, (d) microbial management at the production level, (e) disease and pathogen surveillance, (f) trade in aquatic species, (g) policies and regulatory framework, (h) welfare, (i) research and technology development, (j) antimicrobial resistance, (k) non‐conventional ways of pathogen transfer, and (l) Progressive Management Pathway.

This study aims to demonstrate clinicopathological characteristics and immunohistopathological phenotypes of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) originated from ovaries. The primary origin of PMP was explored by reviewing H&E sections retrospectively and performing a series of immunohistochemical staining on CK7, CK20, CDX2, CEA, Villin, SATB2, CA125, ER, PR, and MUC. Among 310 PMP patients, a few originated from extra-appendix, whereas eight cases were of ovarian origin (2.6%), including three teratoma-associated ovarian mucinous tumors and five primary ovarian mucinous tumors with spontaneous or iatrogenic rupture, respectively. Most peritoneal metastases were acellular mucin or low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (6/8, 75%), while the rest were high-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (2/8, 25%). Tumors were positive for CK20, CDX2, CEA, and Villin. SATB2 was specifically diffuse positive in teratoma-associated ovarian mucinous tumors, and negative in primary ovarian mucinous tumors. Differential expression of MUC was observed in these tumors. PMP of ovarian origin is extremely rare. The precise diagnosis requires serial sections of the appendix or suspicious tissue to exclude appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, as well as comprehensive analysis of clinical features, surgical findings, histopathological characteristics, and immunohistochemistry on specific biomarkers.

PurposeDue to the frenetic and dynamic working conditions ascribed to architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) project organizations, enormous research has addressed the poor mental health propensity of project management practitioners (PMPs). However, research has not considered the distant factors related to organizational design causing poor mental health. Therefore, this study addresses the problem by integrating institutional theory, agency theory and resource-based theory (RBT) to explore the relationship between organizational design elements: project governance, knowledge management, integrated project delivery, project management skills and mental health management indicators. Examples of mental health management indicators include social relationships, work-life balance and project leadership.Design/methodology/approachPurposive sampling method was adopted to collect survey data from 90 PMPs in 60 AEC firms in Australia. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to test the relationship between the variables.FindingsThe research found that project governance, knowledge management and integrated project delivery are positively correlated to mental health management indicators. However, the research finding suggests that project management skills have a negative impact on mental health management indicators.Originality/valueThe findings offer guidelines to AEC firms on achieving positive mental health management outcomes through concentration on project governance, knowledge management and integrated project delivery. It further calls for a reconsideration of existing project management skills causing poor mental health management outcomes.

Pollutants impact fish health, leading to environmental diseases. Anionic surfactant detergents and MPs (MPs) consist serious threat in freshwater environments either lonely or in combination. However, their combined effects are not well studied. Our research therefore focuses on studying the harmful effects of the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyethylene MPs (PMPs) on the biology of freshwater African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), either alone or in combination. A 15-day exposure trial to PMPs (10 mg/L), SLS (4 mg/L), or their combination was conducted. Hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, and immunological markers were estimated. The erythrocytic morphology was investigated. The pathological harms were monitored, and the histological abnormalities were scored. In addition, histochemical appraisals of fibrosis and hypoglycemia in the liver and spleen were estimated. This was achieved by semi-quantification of polysaccharide deposits and the fibrotic collagen density and distribution pattern in the tissue micro-sections. On the one hand, our findings revealed deteriorated biological markers in C. gariepinus exposed to PMPs (10 mg/L) or SLS (4 mg/L) by close levels. Significant decreases in the hematological indices, while substantial increases in the biochemical markers were recorded. As well, significant decreases were recorded in the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, while an elevation was recorded in the level of IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines. Poikilocytosis of erythrocytes and severe hepatic and splenic pathological lesions were observed. Furthermore, high levels of fibrosis and hypoglycemia were detected. On the other hand, our findings showed antagonistic effects upon the combined exposure to PMPs (10 mg/L) and SLS (4 mg/L). Fluctuated non-significant differences were observed in hematology and biochemical markers. Mild erythrocytic poikilocytosis and moderate pathological lesions were scored in liver as well as spleen. In addition, moderate quantitative fibrosis, and hypoglycemia were estimated. Exposure to PMPs and SLS deteriorate the biology and pathology of C. gariepinus by severe effects. Interestingly, ameliorated biological alterations were recorded evidenced a surprising antagonistic effect of PMPs + SLS. Possibly, a chemical chelation between both reagents counteracted their singular effect inside the biological system, which retorted their harm. Therefore, further investigations by chemists on the probable chemical interaction between PMPs and SLS inside biological systems, which might change their physical or chemical characteristics, may explain the case.

Essential review for the PMP exam, updated for the new PMBOK® Guide, 6th editionThe PMP Project Management Professional Exam Review Guide, Fourth Edition, offers complete, concise review of essential project management concepts and practices. Covering 100% of the PMP exam objectives, this book helps you ensure your full preparation in advance of the big day. This new 4th Edition has been updated to align with the newest version of the exam, featuring changes to PMP best practices, greater emphasis on Agile and other iterative processes, as well as the evolution of the project manager's role. Organized by domain area, this handy review guide covers project initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closing as detailed in the new A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), 6th Edition, giving you clear guidance on what you need to know for the exam. You also get a year of free access to the Sybex online interactive learning environment and study tools, which features flashcards, chapter tests, two bonus practice exams, and more. PMP candidates must have extensive project management experience before taking the exam, but you cannot rely on experience alone; the PMP exam tests your understanding of critical PMP concepts and practices as laid out in the PMBOK® Guide 6th Edition; this practical review condenses the PMBOK's essential details into quickly-digestible chapters that help you prepare more efficiently. Review 100% of the exam objectivesApply PMP concepts to real-world scenariosIdentify areas in need of additional reviewAccess practice exams, flashcards, and moreThe PMP certification puts you in demand, and can be a major boost to your career. Regardless of your current level of experience, exam success lies in complete and thorough preparation; the PMP Project Management Professional Exam Review Guide, Fourth Edition, is your ultimate key to confidence and success.

Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is accompanied by endothelial cell dysfunction which is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the current study was to explore the profile of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), endothelial and platelet derived micropaticles (EMPs, PMPs) and total microparticles (TMPs), in T1D children in relation to each other and to the metabolic disorders accompanying T1D. Patients and Methods: Thirty T1D patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were assessed for HbA1c level and lipid profile. Quantification of CECs, EPCs, TMPs, EMPs and PMPs was done by flow cytometry. Results: The mean levels of EMPs, PMPs, TMPs and CECs were significantly higher in diabetic children compared to controls. Meanwhile, the levels of EPCs were significantly lower in diabetic children compared to controls. Both PMPs and CECs showed the highest significant differences between patients and controls and their levels were directly related to HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. A moderate correlation was observed between the frequency of PMPs and CECs. EPCs revealed negative correlations with both LDL and triglycerides. TMPs were only related to LDL, while EMPs were only related to HbA1c. Conclusion: Although there is disturbance in the levels of EMPs, PMPs, TMPs, CECs and EPCs in type 1 diabetic children compared to the controls, only the levels of PMPs and CECs were closely affected by the poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia occurring in T1D; thus may contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Facilitated pyruvate transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane is a critical step in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. We report that clinically relevant concentrations of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a widely used class of insulin sensitizers, acutely and specifically inhibit mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) activity in a variety of cell types. Respiratory inhibition was overcome with methyl pyruvate, localizing the effect to facilitated pyruvate transport, and knockdown of either paralog, MPC1 or MPC2, decreased the EC ₅₀ for respiratory inhibition by TZDs. Acute MPC inhibition significantly enhanced glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle myocytes after 2 h. These data (i) report that clinically used TZDs inhibit the MPC, (ii) validate that MPC1 and MPC2 are obligatory components of facilitated pyruvate transport in mammalian cells, (iii) indicate that the acute effect of TZDs may be related to insulin sensitization, and (iv) establish mitochondrial pyruvate uptake as a potential therapeutic target for diseases rooted in metabolic dysfunction.