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The South Pole
The South Pole is cold, but theres more to it than that! This book presents the cartography and earth science of this polar region to young readers.
Book
Description of the \\\\Xi _c\\ and \\\\Xi _b\\ states as molecular states
In this work we study several \\[\\Xi _c\\] and \\[\\Xi _b\\] states dynamically generated from the meson–baryon interaction in coupled channels, using an extension of the local hidden gauge approach in the Bethe–Salpeter equation. These molecular states appear as poles of the scattering amplitudes, and several of them can be identified with the experimentally observed \\[\\Xi _c\\] states, including the \\[\\Xi _c(2790)\\], \\[\\Xi _c(2930)\\], \\[\\Xi _c(2970)\\], \\[\\Xi _c(3055)\\] and \\[\\Xi _c(3080)\\]. Also, for the recently reported \\[\\Xi _b(6227)\\] state, we find two poles with masses and widths remarkably close to the experimental data, for both the \\[J^P=1/2^-\\] and \\[J^P=3/2^-\\] sectors.
Journal Article
Death in the Arctic
When aspiring travel writer Chloé Campbell is invited aboard a luxury airship flying to the North Pole, she thinks she's bagged the opportunity of a lifetime. But she hasn't had long to admire the dazzling icy views before a fellow passenger is found dead in their cabin. Trapped at the top of the world, the group agrees a tragic accident has occurred. But as the hours tick by, fear turns to doubt. It seems everyone's a suspect. And it isn't long before the passengers begin to turn on each other.
BOOK
Impacts of Strengthened Antarctic Circumpolar Current on the Seasonality of Arctic Climate
To understand the role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the polar seasonality and its remote effect on the Arctic climate, we use the Community Earth System Model to perform Drake Passage (DP) open and closed experiments. Model results illustrate that in the opened DP, the ACC and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strengthen, leading to a colder Antarctic and a warmer Arctic. Notably, the temperature changes in both the Antarctic and the Arctic show significant seasonal differences, with the largest polar response during the cold seasons. Around the Antarctic, both the ACC and overturning circulation exhibit stronger acceleration in winter than in summer, causing more pronounced cooling in winter. Furthermore, negative seasonal energy transfer mechanism amplifies this cooling. In contrast, around the Arctic, the AMOC and ocean heat transport show relatively insignificant seasonal variation. Instead, it is the downward latent and sensible fluxes that induce amplified winter warming. Plain Language Summary The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), as the most important ocean current in the Southern Ocean, has crucial influences on global ocean circulations and climate changes. To better comprehend the regional and remote roles of ACC in the current climate system, we close the Southern Ocean gateway, the Drake Passage (DP) in the fully coupled climate model to cut off the ACC and slow down this ocean circulation. Defining the climate response as the changes from closed DP to opened DP experiments, we find that the ACC strengthens as the DP is open. Our findings highlight a significant impact of the ACC on the current climate system, particularly on driving seasonal variations. The results also have further implications for the remote influence of the ACC on the Arctic climate through global oceanic circulation connections and local sea‐ice‐atmosphere interactions. Key Points A strengthened Antarctic Circumpolar Current results in a colder Antarctic but a warmer Arctic The temperature responses at both poles are amplified by the air‐sea‐ice coupling during cold seasons The pole‐to‐pole linkage via atmospheric pathway acts to compensate for the changes driven by oceanic pathways
Journal Article
Mantle Melting Conditions of Mare Lavas on South Pole–Aitken Basin of Lunar Farside
The understanding of thermal evolution and magmatic history of the Moon has so far been informed by studies of rock samples from the nearside. However, the recently completed Chang'E‐6 mission by China National Space Administration has returned the first samples from the lunar farside, providing a unique opportunity to refine our understanding of the Moon's history. To provide context for future research on these returned samples, we use remote sensing data and geochemical modeling to infer temperature and pressure conditions of the lunar mantle that could generate the surface lavas in Apollo basin on the lunar farside. The estimated melt‐mantle equilibration conditions cover a temperature range from 1,170°C to 1,430°C and a pressure range from 0.3 to 1.7 GPa, requiring mantle potential temperatures of 1,220°C–1430°C. The mantle melting conditions on farside are cooler and shallower than those on the nearside mantle, if the mantle compositions are similar. Plain Language Summary The recently completed Chang'E‐6 mission by China collected the first samples from the lunar farside. To supplement the anticipated findings from these samples, here we use surface lava compositions measured using remote sensing techniques combined with geochemical modeling to estimate the pressure and temperature conditions of generation of farside basaltic melts. We estimate the mantle melting conditions as temperature range from 1,170°C to 1,430°C and a pressure range from 0.3 to 1.7 GPa. This corresponds to mantle melting temperatures of 1,220°C–1,430°C, which are cooler and shallower compared to those for the lunar nearside mantle, if similar mantle composition is assumed. Key Points Remote sensing data of the South Pole–Aitken basin are utilized to estimate lunar mantle‐derived primitive melt compositions Calculations of multiple saturation of primary melts with mantle minerals reveal partial melting conditions in the lunar farside mantle The partial melting conditions on the lunar farside is cooler and shallower if the mantle composition is similar to that of the nearside
Journal Article
Do you really want to meet a polar bear?
\"A boy is bored with research for his school report so he decides to visit the Arctic and learn about polar bears firsthand\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
An industrial integration framework based on QFD for selecting the optimal electrical poles
Utility poles are critical in supporting various electrical and communication infrastructure systems, including power transmission lines, streetlights, telephone networks, and cable services. Each type of pole whether steel, aluminum, or fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is designed with specific applications and performance characteristics in mind. This study presents a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) framework tailored for industrial applications, focusing on enhancing information integration to guide the selection of the most suitable pole type. The research examines advancements in utility pole technologies and management practices over the past two decades. Through market surveys, focus group discussions and individual interviews, ten KPIs were identified: service life, safety performance, overall cost, color retention, conductivity resistance, weight, production duration, transportability, installation approach, and wind resistance. Based on these KPIs, decision-makers outlined nine functional requirements that, when met, would enhance user satisfaction. The proposed framework was developed to support analytical evaluation and selection of the optimal pole type by aligning client needs with technical specifications. Using the QFD approach, the FRP pole emerged as the top-performing alternative, receiving a score of 4.12 out of 5. This framework provides a structured method for decision-makers to evaluate electrical pole options based on project-specific criteria, enabling informed and client-focused choices in early design phases.
Journal Article
The North Pole
Many young readers think of the North Pole as the place where Santa Claus lives with his wife, reindeer, and elves. The North Pole presents the geography and science of this polar region to young readers in an age-appropriate way. The clear language and easy-to-read, colorful maps and photographs of the North Pole will engage and expand any young reader s grasp on the concepts of continents, climate, Earth s rotation, and more! The fascinating history of the remarkable explorers of this frigid landscape is also included in the main text, introducing a part of history that s sure to inspire!
Book
Thick ice deposits in shallow simple craters on the Moon and Mercury
Permanently shadowed regions near the poles of Mercury and the Moon may cold-trap water ice for geologic time periods. In past studies, thick ice deposits have been detected on Mercury, but not on the Moon, despite their similar thermal environments. Here we report evidence for thick ice deposits inside permanently shadowed simple craters on both Mercury and the Moon. We measure the depth/diameter ratio of approximately 2,000 simple craters near the north pole of Mercury using Mercury Laser Altimeter data. We find that these craters become distinctly shallower at higher latitudes, where ice is known to have accumulated on their floors. This shallowing corresponds to a maximum infill of around 50 m, consistent with previous estimates. A parallel investigation of approximately 12,000 lunar craters using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter data reveals a similar morphological trend near the south pole of the Moon, which we conclude is also due to the presence of thick ice deposits. We find that previously detected surface ice deposits in the south polar region of the Moon are spatially correlated with shallow craters, indicating that the surface ice may be exhumed or linked to the subsurface via diffusion. The family of lunar craters that we identify are promising targets for future missions, and may also help resolve the apparent discrepancy between the abundance of frozen volatiles on Mercury and the Moon.
Journal Article