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"POLICY GUIDANCE"
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How Does Digital Finance Affect Carbon Emissions? Evidence from an Emerging Market
The existing literature finds that finance has a significant impact on carbon emissions, but there is a lack of theoretical explanation on whether and how digital finance, an important new financial form, affects carbon emissions. This paper uses balanced panel data at the provincial level in China from 2011 to 2018 as a sample to empirically test the relationship between digital finance and carbon emissions and introduces three exogenous events to test the impact of policy shocks. The results show that digital finance has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions; the implementation of the policies of ‘G20 High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion’, ‘Environmental Protection Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China’, and ‘Interim measures for the management of greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction’ strengthens the suppression of carbon emissions by digital finance, and the robustness test also supports the protection of digital finance. The research conclusions of this article provide theoretical evidence for understanding the relationship between digital finance and other new financial formats and carbon emissions and provide an empirical basis for policy-makers to promote the development of digital finance to reduce carbon emissions.
Journal Article
Supporting the inclusion of gender and sexuality diversity in schools: Auditing Australian education departmental policies
While school policies are not a panacea, gender and sexuality diversity-inclusive policies have the potential to relieve educators’ concerns about what they are ‘allowed’ to engage with in respect to GSD inclusivity and to guide their proactive efforts to support gender and sexuality diverse (GSD) students. Unfortunately, policies enabling educators’ proactive, positive support for GSD students are far from systematised in schools across Australia’s eight states and territories. This paper presents an audit of publicly available policy guidance for educators in Australia’s government schools, analysing these against an original evaluative set of best-practice criteria developed from research recommendations from the field of GSD-inclusivity in K-12 schools. Analyses for each state/territory are provided. Results from this audit highlight the unevenness in articulated policy support available to Australian educators and illustrate the criticality of developing Australian federal policy mandates with respect to GSD inclusivity and professional development for educators, including both articulated expectations for the creation/maintenance of a safe and affirming environment as well as pragmatic support for how to create school cultural change.
Journal Article
Occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) to pump attendants in Ghana: Implications for policy guidance
Gasoline plays an important role as fuel for engines, but its use is replete with a high probability of adverse health to persons along the distribution chain, especially pump attendants. This study is a systematic review of the literature on gasoline exposure and the specific risks of adverse health on pump attendants by benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene (BTEX) to instigate policy in Ghana. A careful review of the literature indicates that pump attendants are at risk of developing cancer and non-cancer health hazards. This is particularly so in Ghana due to poor safe work practices and controls at pump stations. Occupational and environmental health and safety is not legislated in Ghana, there is poor awareness of gasoline hazards (especially BTEX) among pump attendants, and poor pump infrastructure controls for BTEX exposure mitigation. Although Ghana has revised the motor gasoline standard to reflect 1%v/v benzene and 35%v/v maximum volatile aromatic compounds, the absence of an exposure standard for BTEX compounds makes it necessary to monitor these compounds. In the absence of a national occupational, health and safety legislation, corporate organizations must establish specific policies that are committed to minimizing exposure to BTEX compounds including personal protection, adequate engineering controls, and tailored management practices.
Journal Article
Analysis of Driving Factors of Photovoltaic Power Generation Efficiency: A Case Study in China
With the increasing consumption of fossil energy and changes in the ecological environment, meeting the energy demands required for industrial and economic development with clean and efficient power generation is a major challenge of our society. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most renewable and sustainable energy sources, and photovoltaic power generation has become an important research topic. This study combines data envelopment analysis (DEA) with Tobit regression analysis to assess the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation in China and analyze factors affecting efficiency to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in photovoltaic power generation efficiency in China. The phenomenon of focusing on economic development at the expense of the use of solar power generation still exists. The establishment of photovoltaic demonstration projects, the implementation of differential electricity price policies, and the promotion of photovoltaic precision poverty alleviation can alleviate economic pressure and effectively improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.
Journal Article
Influence of Residential Photovoltaic Promotion Policy on Installation Intention in Typical Regions of China
Increasing the popularity of distributed photovoltaic technology among Chinese residents is of great significance to achieve the dual carbon goal (emission peak and carbon neutrality). In this study, we collected 1424 questionnaire samples and used PLS-SEM for group modeling and comparative analysis of bungalow and building residents. The results show that living conditions, costs, risks of installation, maintenance, and economic efficiency are the five significant influencing factors for residents to decide whether to install a distributed residential photovoltaic equipment. Compared with building residents, bungalow residents tend to feel more concerned about the cost and risk of residential photovoltaic equipment during installation, maintenance, and use. On the other hand, bungalow residents show greater sensitivity to the corresponding photovoltaic promotion policies. By contrast, building residents pay more attention to the direct benefit created by the installation of residential photovoltaic equipment. Therefore, adopting the strategy from bungalow residents to building residents could help promote the distributed photovoltaic system progressively. As for the subsidy decline, more attention shall be paid to the progress of a gradual reduction of the subsidies. It is advisable to pay attention to integrating the upstream and downstream industry chains of the distributed photovoltaic systems, thus reducing the concern of residents about the difficulty in installing, maintaining, and protecting the distributed photovoltaic equipment. By clarifying the different impacts of promotion policies on the demand side, this study provides a practical reference for the further adjustment made to distributed photovoltaic promotion policies.
Journal Article
Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand
Clean and efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society. Therefore, we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs, starting with lithium-ion power batteries. Recent research on raw material collection, metallurgical recovery, separation and purification is highlighted, particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efficiency, energy consumption, technology transformation and policy management. Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored, revealing a clean and efficient closed-loop recovery mechanism. Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies, with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized. Ultimately, based on life-cycle assessment, the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efficient short process recycling technologies. This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry, to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.
Graphical Abstract of industrial closed loop recycling of spent LIBs. [Display omitted]
•Review of recycling technologies for spent LIBs and a proposed approach to change.•Explore future recycling methods from the aspects of economy, energy and policy.•Clean-efficient-short hydrometallurgical recovery of spent LIBs is the key focus.•It promotes the rapid development of decarbonized power society in the future.•Advanced recycling technology for industrialization is a top priority.
Journal Article
Targeted COVID-19 Vaccination (TAV-COVID) Considering Limited Vaccination Capacities—An Agent-Based Modeling Evaluation
(1) Background: The Austrian supply of COVID-19 vaccine is limited for now. We aim to provide evidence-based guidance to the authorities in order to minimize COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths in Austria. (2) Methods: We used a dynamic agent-based population model to compare different vaccination strategies targeted to the elderly (65 ≥ years), middle aged (45–64 years), younger (15–44 years), vulnerable (risk of severe disease due to comorbidities), and healthcare workers (HCW). First, outcomes were optimized for an initially available vaccine batch for 200,000 individuals. Second, stepwise optimization was performed deriving a prioritization sequence for 2.45 million individuals, maximizing the reduction in total hospitalizations and deaths compared to no vaccination. We considered sterilizing and non-sterilizing immunity, assuming a 70% effectiveness. (3) Results: Maximum reduction of hospitalizations and deaths was achieved by starting vaccination with the elderly and vulnerable followed by middle-aged, HCW, and younger individuals. Optimizations for vaccinating 2.45 million individuals yielded the same prioritization and avoided approximately one third of deaths and hospitalizations. Starting vaccination with HCW leads to slightly smaller reductions but maximizes occupational safety. (4) Conclusion: To minimize COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths, our study shows that elderly and vulnerable persons should be prioritized for vaccination until further vaccines are available.
Journal Article
How to Deal with the Trade-off between Development and Decarbonization for Rural Logistics in China? Evidence from Jiangsu
Rural logistics faces a dilemma between development and high carbon emissions in China. We assess the tension between rural logistics development and carbon emissions from the perspective of policy guidance by modeling a rural logistics system using Jiangsu’s data. We simulate the development trend of Jiangsu rural logistics under carbon abatement policies from 2021–2030, with a focus on promoting its development while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions at a minimal cost. The findings show that rural logistics will move towards high carbon emissions without a carbon abatement policy, while the huge tax pressure of carbon reduction policies reduces the profitability of rural logistics, leading to a trade-off between development and decarbonization. From the perspective of implementation timing and manner of carbon abatement policies implementation, we propose a pathway for securing the profitability of rural logistics and resolving the trade-off.
Journal Article
A Cross-Citation-Based Model for Technological Advancement Assessment: Methodology and Application
Assessing technological advancements is crucial for the formulation of science and technology policies and making well-informed investments in the ever-evolving technology market. However, current assessment methods are predominantly geared towards mature technologies, limiting our capacity for a systematic and quantitative evaluation of emerging technologies. Overcoming this challenge is crucial for accurate technology evaluation across various fields and generations. To address this challenge, we present a novel approach that leverages bibliometrics, specifically paper citation networks, to gauge shifts in the flow of knowledge throughout the technological evolution. This method is capable of discerning a wide array of trends in technology development and serves as a highly effective tool for evaluating technological progress. In this paper, we showcase the accuracy and applicability of this approach by applying it to the realm of mobile communication technology. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of its quantitative results with other conventional assessment methods. The practical significance of our model lies in providing a nuanced understanding of emerging technologies within a specific domain, enabling informed decisions, and fostering strategic planning in technology-oriented fields. In terms of originality and value, this model serves as a comprehensive tool for assessing technological progress, quantifying emerging technologies, facilitating the evaluation of diverse technological trajectories, and efficiently informing technology policy-making processes.
Journal Article