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"POLITICAL AFFILIATION"
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Non-policy politics : richer voters, poorer voters, and the diversification of electoral strategies
\"Political parties can select the policies they offer, but have different reputations for competence, unequal capacity to mobilize activists, and different resources to deliver pork and patronage. These are crucial non-policy resources shaping their electoral success. We show how these non-policy resources also shape parties' ideological positions and which type of electoral offers they target to poorer or richer voters. Hence, non-policy politics shapes both electoral success and which voters get what. We describe how the book assesses voters' non-policy preferences with detailed survey and administrative data from Argentina and Chile, including a novel methodology for measuring partisan networks, and how those preferences shapes parties policy and non-policy offers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Political considerations and fiscal regulation in a spatial duopoly
We examine the impact of political orientation on fiscal regulation and product differentiation within a spatial duopoly. Using a modelling approach a la Hotelling, we explore how the regulator’s political stance -whether pro-consumer or pro-business- affects market outcomes through distinct optimal designs of fiscal intervention. We identify three regulatory profiles: (i) pro-consumer regulation with high tax rates leading to minimal product differentiation and lower prices; (ii) pro-business regulation with no taxation resulting in maximum product differentiation and higher prices, and (iii) moderate regulation, balancing the interests of firms and consumers, in which taxes can be moderate but the firms are not induced to follow the regulator’s designated levels of differentiation. Our findings highlight the significant role of political orientation in shaping market dynamics and regulatory effectiveness, emphasising the need to consider political factors and the balancing of various actors in policy design within spatial competition models. U ovom radu ispituje se utjecaj političke orijentacije na fiskalnu regulaciju i diferencijaciju proizvoda unutar prostornog duopola. Koristeći pristup modeliranja a la Hotelling, istražujemo kako političko stajalište regulatora – bilo da je usmjereno na potrošače ili poslovanje – utječe na tržišne rezultate kroz različite optimalne fiskalne intervencije. Identificirali smo tri regulatorna profila: (i) regulacija u korist potrošača s visokim poreznim stopama koje dovode do minimalne diferencijacije proizvoda i nižih cijena; (ii) pro-poslovna regulacija bez oporezivanja što rezultira maksimalnom diferencijacijom proizvoda i višim cijenama, i (iii) umjerena regulacija, koja balansira interese tvrtki i potrošača, u kojoj porezi mogu biti umjereni, ali tvrtke nisu stimulirane da slijede naznačene razine diferencijacije regulatora. Rezultati našeg istraživanja ističu značajnu ulogu političke orijentacije u oblikovanju tržišne dinamike i regulatorne učinkovitosti pritom naglašavajući potrebu razmatranja političkih čimbenika i balansiranja različitih aktera u kreiranju politike unutar modela prostornog natjecanja.
Journal Article
Structural Topic Models for Open-Ended Survey Responses
Collection and especially analysis of open-ended survey responses are relatively rare in the discipline and when conducted are almost exclusively done through human coding. We present an alternative, semiautomated approach, the structural topic model (STM) (Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2013; Roberts et al. 2013), that draws on recent developments in machine learning based analysis of textual data. A crucial contribution of the method is that it incorporates information about the document, such as the authors gender, political affiliation, and treatment assignment (if an experimental study). This article focuses on how the STM is helpful for survey researchers and experimentalists. The STM makes analyzing open-ended responses easier, more revealing, and capable of being used to estimate treatment effects. We illustrate these innovations with analysis of text from surveys and experiments.
Journal Article
How the news media activate public expression and influence national agendas
We demonstrate that exposure to the news media causes Americans to take public stands on specific issues, join national policy conversations, and express themselves publicly—all key components of democratic politics—more often than they would otherwise. After recruiting 48 mostly small media outlets, we chose groups of these outlets to write and publish articles on subjects we approved, on dates we randomly assigned. We estimated the causal effect on proximal measures, such as website pageviews and Twitter discussion of the articles’ specific subjects, and distal ones, such as national Twitter conversation in broad policy areas. Our intervention increased discussion in each broad policy area by ~62.7% (relative to a day’s volume), accounting for 13,166 additional posts over the treatment week, with similar effects across population subgroups.
Journal Article
COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment
Given the results from early trials, COVID-19 vaccines will be available by 2021. However, little is known about what Americans think of getting immunized with a COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and systematic national assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a community-based sample of the American adult population. A multi‐item valid and reliable questionnaire was deployed online via mTurk and social media sites to recruit U.S. adults from the general population. A total of 1878 individuals participated in the study where the majority were: females (52%), Whites (74%), non-Hispanic (81%), married (56%), employed full time (68%), and with a bachelor’s degree or higher (77%). The likelihood of getting a COVID-19 immunization in the study population was: very likely (52%), somewhat likely (27%), not likely (15%), definitely not (7%), with individuals who had lower education, income, or perceived threat of getting infected being more likely to report that they were not likely/definitely not going to get COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., vaccine hesitancy). In unadjusted group comparisons, compared to their counterparts, vaccine hesitancy was higher among African-Americans (34%), Hispanics (29%), those who had children at home (25%), rural dwellers (29%), people in the northeastern U.S. (25%), and those who identified as Republicans (29%). In multiple regression analyses, vaccine hesitancy was predicted significantly by sex, education, employment, income, having children at home, political affiliation, and the perceived threat of getting infected with COVID-19 in the next 1 year. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, evidence-based communication, mass media strategies, and policy measures will have to be implemented across the U.S. to convert vaccines into vaccinations and mass immunization with special attention to the groups identified in this study.
Journal Article
Is It Whom You Know or What You Know? An Empirical Assessment of the Lobbying Process
Do lobbyists provide issue-specific information to members of Congress? Ordo they provide special interests access to politicians? We present evidence to assess the role of issue expertise versus connections in the US Federal lobbying process and illustrate how both are at work. In support of the connections view, we show that lobbyists follow politicians they were initially connected to when those politicians switch to new committee assignments. In support of the expertise view, we show that there is a group of experts that even politicians of opposite political affiliation listen to. However, we find a more consistent monetary premium for connections than expertise.
Journal Article