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Female genital cutting, women's health and development : the role of the World Bank
This strategy paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the issue of female genital mutilation/cutting-scope,challenges, opportunities, best practices, and how communities, development agencies, and national governments can work together to eliminate the practices on the ground. The World Bank is committed to assisting governments in ending the practice of female genital cutting, as the practice has a direct, negative impact on the health and well-being of women around the world. The recommendations set forth in this paper take advantage of the World Bank's comparative advantage in dealing with governments. Continued silenceperpetuates the practice, thereby undermining women's productivity.
eBook
Building on early gains in Afghanistan's health, nutrition, and population sector : challenges and options
A number of development partners, including the World Bank, have been actively supporting the health sector in Afghanistan since 2003-04 (1382 AC). Collectively, they invested more than $820 million between 2003 (1382 AC) and 2008-09 (1387 AC) and played key roles in supporting the government in reshaping the country's health sector. This support continues, with all partners starting new projects aimed at further strengthening the sector and building on the successes that have been achieved. The book is organized as follows. Chapters one-four tell a coherent story about the achievements of the sector between 2002 and 2008 (1381-87AC), the financial resources used to achieve the results, and the contribution the private sector has made to the achievements. Chapters five-eight) look forward. They identify the challenges the sector is facing in meeting human resource needs, expanding the coverage of the basic package of health services (BPHS), and increasing the institutional capacity of the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH). Chapter eight summarizes the lessons learned and provides options for moving forward.
eBook
Capitalizing on the demographic transition : tackling noncommunicable diseases in South Asia
This book looks primarily at Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) and tobacco use because they account for a disproportionate amount of the Non Communicable Disease (NCD) burden the focus is strategic rather than comprehensive. It considers both country and regional level approaches for tackling NCDs, as many of the issues and challenges of mounting an effective response are common to most South Asian countries. The prevention and control of NCDs constitute a development issue that low-income countries in South Asia are already facing. Both country and regional-level strategies are important because many of the issues and challenges of mounting an effective response to NCDs are common to most South Asian countries, even though their disease burden profiles vary. Hence, the rationale for this book is that strategic decisions for prevention and treatment of NCDs can effectively address the future burden of disease, promote healthy aging, and increase the potential benefit from the demographic transition, thus contributing to economic development. This book's goal is to encourage countries to develop, adopt, and implement effective and timely country and regional responses that reduce the population-level risk factors and NCD disease burden.
eBook
Tackling noncommunicable diseases in bangladesh
This report is organized in such a way that the key policy options and strategic priorities are based on the country context, including the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and associated risk factors and the existing capacity of the health system. Chapter one describes the country and regional contexts and the evidence of the demographic and epidemiological transitions in Bangladesh; chapter two outlines the disease burden of major NCDs, including the equity and economic impact and the common risk factors; chapter three provides an assessment of the health system and its capacity to prevent and control major NCDs; chapter four summarizes ongoing NCD interventions and activities in Bangladesh and highlights the remaining gaps and challenges; and chapter five presents key policy options and strategic priorities to prevent and control NCDs.
eBook
Health, nutrition, and population in Madagascar 2000-09
With an income per capita US$400 in 2008, Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world. Poverty is widespread but with significant urban-rural differences (52 percent versus 74 percent). Health, nutrition, and the fight against communicable diseases and HIV/AIDS are key goals of the country's poverty reduction strategy, the Madagascar Action Plan 2007-2012. The National Health Sector and Social Protection Development Plan 2007-2011 was developed to strengthen the health system and improve service delivery to reduce neonatal, child and maternal mortality, address malnutrition and control communicable illnesses. The health sector has benefited from increasing investment over the last years, and a number of studies and surveys have been carried out, providing a wealth of information that is yet to be analyzed in a complementary way. This Country Status Report (CSR) seeks to capitalize on all of the existing data in the health sector, compare Madagascar to countries of similar income levels and assess the results achieved by the health system. The CSR provides an analysis of the population's health and nutrition status by linking health outcomes, household/individual behaviors, community factors, government interventions, and service provision. Although Madagascar is performing beer than the SSA average of 645 per 100,000 live births, the maternal mortality rate has stagnated over the last decade and in 2008/09 was estimated at 498. Health care seeking behavior for preventive child health services at the health facility level is improving. Complete immunization coverage stands at 62 percent in 2008 (for children 12 to 23 months), but there are still large differences in coverage across regions, place of residence, and income groups.
eBook
TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL POPULATION VITAL STRATEGIES
Transformation of rural population vital strategies and current period peculiarity of its adaptation to economic reforms in agribusiness are analyzed in this paper. Special attention is dedicated to the problems of readiness of different social groups to new professional knowledge acquisition, their commitment in it, and to analysis of modern life strategies and employment preferences of rural youth. The paper is based on sources of sociological researches conducted by the Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences with personal involvement of the author in one of the Russian regions (Saratovs oblast) in 1993- 2007, dedicated to the problems of rural community adaptation to changing socioeconomic conditions. The research included polls, budget studies, and \"deep\" interviews with the budget study respondents.
Journal Article
Improving effectiveness and outcomes for the poor in health, nutrition, and population : an evaluation of World Bank Group support since 1997
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the World Bank Group's support for health, nutrition, and population (HNP) in developing countries from 1997 to 2008 - totaling more than 17 billion - and distills lessons for greater impact in the future.
eBook
Towards Interventions in Human Resources for Health in Ghana : Evidence for Health Workforce Planning and Results
This book towards interventions in human resources for health in Ghana is a collaborative effort between the government of Ghana and the World Bank, was developed to assist the ministry of health to obtain an overview of the unique human resources for health (HRH) challenges that Ghana faces. Evidence on the stock, distribution, and performance of health workers in Ghana, as well as on some of the underlying determinants of these HRH outcomes, will help support the government resolve to develop strategies and interventions to address HRH concerns and ultimately strengthen its health system. The content of this book was developed, discussed, and validated by means of extensive consultations with the technical working group on (HRH) in Ghana. This book contents totally eight chapters: chapter one covers toward evidence-based interventions for HRH; chapter two covers the stock of health workers; chapter three covers the distribution of health workers; chapter four covers the performance of health workers; chapter five covers Ghana Agencies and their roles and responsibilities in HRH; chapter six covers interventions to increase stock and improve distribution and performance of HRH; chapter seven covers financing available for policy and interventions; and chapter eights covers the political economy of crafting policy.
Publication
Tecnologías geoespaciales para mapear el capital natural y promover empleo agropecuario sostenible en México
Contexto. El uso del capital natural y la distribución del empleo en la agricultura y la ganadería son desiguales entre regiones mexicanas. Algunas de ellas concentran la riqueza ecológica y la población ocupada (rural-urbana), mientras que en otras se observa degradación ambiental o subutilización de la mano de obra.
Problema. No existen investigaciones que combinen indicadores ecológicos y laborales en mapas geoespaciales para apoyar una toma de decisiones informada. ¿Existen patrones espaciales significativos entre el Índice de Capital Natural (ICN) y el Cociente de Localización Económica Principal (CPLP) que permitan identificar áreas prioritarias para el desarrollo sostenible?
Objetivos. Este estudio analiza los patrones espaciales entre el capital natural y el empleo agropecuario desde un enfoque multidisciplinar que integra economía ambiental, geografía económica y análisis espacial en México. Busca generar conocimiento innovador alineado con la Agenda 2030 y los ODS (8, 13 y 15). Se enmarca en una innovación social y organizacional según el Manual de Oslo. Promueve la sostenibilidad territorial mediante la interacción entre disciplinas.
Metodología de la investigación. Esta investigación es cuantitativa, no experimental y exploratorio-explicativa, basada en análisis espaciales y estadísticos con datos secundarios censales y agregados de 2021. Se construyó una base geoespacial con fuentes oficiales ambientales y socioeconómicas. Se aplicaron el índice binomial de Moran y el análisis LISA en R® para identificar agrupaciones espaciales de consistencia entre ICN y CLEp, con significancia estadística al 95 % (p ≤ 0,05).
Resultados teóricos y prácticos. Se encontraron asociaciones positivas significativas en un total de 73 municipios. Se observó una alta agrupación en las regiones Noreste, Centro y Sureste. Se confirmó el valor del capital natural como activo productivo y la utilidad de los análisis espaciales para orientar las políticas públicas.
Originalidad. Este estudio integra variables ambientales y socioeconómicas desde una perspectiva espacial con el fin de generar nuevos conocimientos aplicables.
Conclusiones y limitaciones. Este estudio propone una innovación interdisciplinar en la planificación territorial al integrar variables ambientales y laborales mediante herramientas espaciales. Futuras investigaciones deberían integrar datos climáticos e institucionales para mejorar la elaboración de políticas sostenibles.
Journal Article