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The transparent inhibition zone by p-coumaric acid (pCA) proving its inhibitory effect on quorum sensing. The treatment with a mixture of 0.1% Potassium Sorbate (PS)+0.01% pCA resulted in gradual inhibition of the viable counts of meat. In addition, the microbial counts of the samples treated with the mixture of pCA and PS were significantly lower than that treated with PS alone, which indicated that the effect of the mixture on bacteria and protein decomposition was stronger than that of PS alone, which can better delay the spoilage of meat. P-coumaric acid reduced the generation of biogenic amines, mitigating the spoilage of chilled pork meat. During sensory evaluation, pork meat treated with the mixture of pCA and PS scored higher than the control group. P-coumaric acid could be used to reduce the amount of PS, and the application of the mixture greatly enhanced the preservation efficiency and the quality of pork.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of partial substitution of 25% and 50% NaCl with KCl coupled with high pressure processing (100 MPa for 5 min at 25°C), on sensory and chemical qualities of beef sausage for 28 days' storage at 4°C. Three sausage formulations were produced with different concentrations of NaCl (100%, 75% and 50%) and KCl (0%, 25% and 50% respectively). High pressure application reduced the total NaCl content and improved the sensory acceptance for taste and flavor compared to control beef sausages. The addition of KCl showed the lowest values for Na + content; the highest scores for all sensory parameters, improved hardness and chewiness, with results not statistically different from the results obtained by combining HPP and KCl. Therefore, the use of HPP in combination with KCl was considered a technological and sensorial viable alternative to produce low sodium beef sausages.

Background: During cattle transport, not only does weight loss occur due to transport stress, but meat quality also deteriorates because of changes in meat color. Hence, stress induced by transportation causes economic losses for livestock farms. Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin E, potassium, and alcohol-fermented feed supplementation before transport on body weight, carcass characteristics, and meat color of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Forty steers were divided into four treatment groups, with 10 animals per group, housed in two pens per treatment. The experimental treatments were as follows: (1) Vitamin E supplemented at 500 IU/head/day. (2) Alcohol-fermented feed provided at 1.58 kg/head/day for six months prior to transport. (3) Potassium supplemented at 1.45% of the daily feed intake one day before transport. (4) A control group (not supplemented). Transportation loss, carcass characteristics, and meat surface color were measured. Data were analyzed using GLM (Generalized Linear Model) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test in SAS (v. 8.01; 2000). Results: Weight loss due to transport stress was lower in the treatment groups than in the control, particularly in the potassium-treated group. Meat color, redness, clarity, and hue angle were significantly improved in the treatment groups compared to the control. However, fat color, marbling score, back fat thickness, carcass percentage, and meat production index showed no significant differences among treatments. Conclusion: Supplementation with alcohol-fermented feed, potassium, or vitamin E before transport enhances productivity by reducing body weight loss and preventing deterioration in meat color caused by transportation stress. Antecedentes: Durante o transporte de gado, não ocorre apenas perda de peso devido ao estresse do transporte, mas a qualidade da carne também se deteriora devido a mudanças na sua coloração. Por isso, o estresse gerado durante o transporte causa perdas econômicas para as fazendas pecuárias. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da suplementação com vitamina E, potássio e ração fermentada com álcool antes do transporte sobre o peso corporal, as características da carcaça e a cor da carne de bovinos Hanwoo. Métodos: Quarenta bovinos foram divididos em quatro grupos de tratamento, com 10 bovinos por tratamento em dois currais. Tratamentos: (1) Vitamina E foi fornecida a 500 UI/cabeça/dia. (2) Ração fermentada a álcool foi fornecida a 1,58 kg/cabeça/dia durante seis meses antes do embarque. (3) Potássio a 1,45% da quantidade diária de ração foi fornecido por via oral um dia antes do embarque. (4) Grupo controle (não suplementado). A perda de peso durante o transporte, as características da carcaça e a cor da superfície da carne foram medidas, e os dados foram analisados pelo modelo linear generalizado (GLM) e pelo teste de intervalo múltiplo de Duncan, usando o pacote estatístico SAS (V.8.01; 2000). Resultados: A perda de peso devido ao estresse do transporte foi menor nos grupos de tratamento do que no grupo controle, especialmente com o tratamento com potássio. A cor da carne, a intensidade do vermelho, a claridade e o ângulo de matiz melhoraram significativamente nos tratamentos em comparação com o grupo controle (adicionar valor de p), enquanto a cor da gordura, o índice de marmorização, a espessura da gordura dorsal, a porcentagem de carcaça e o índice de produção de carne não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos. Conclusão: A suplementação com ração fermentada com álcool, potássio ou vitamina E antes do transporte melhora a produtividade ao prevenir a perda de peso corporal e a deterioração da cor da carne decorrentes do estresse do transporte. Antecedentes: Durante el transporte de ganado, no solo se produce pérdida de peso debido al estrés del transporte, sino que la calidad de la carne también se deteriora a causa de cambios en su color. Por lo tanto, el estrés inducido por el transporte ocasiona pérdidas económicas para las explotaciones ganaderas. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de la suplementación con vitamina E, potasio y alimento fermentado con alcohol antes del transporte en el peso corporal, las características de la canal y el color de la carne de novillos Hanwoo. Métodos: Cuarenta novillos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos de tratamiento, con 10 animales por grupo, alojados en dos corrales por tratamiento. Los tratamientos fueron: (1) Vitamina E, administrada a dosis de 500 UI/cabeza/día. (2) Alimento fermentado con alcohol a razón de 1,58 kg/cabeza/día durante seis meses antes del transporte. (3) Potasio, administrado oralmente al 1,45% de la ingesta diaria de alimento un día antes del transporte. (4) Grupo control (sin suplementación). Se midieron las pérdidas de peso durante el transporte, las características de la canal y el color superficial de la carne, y los datos se analizaron mediante un Modelo Lineal Generalizado (GLM) y la prueba de Rango Múltiple de Duncan, utilizando el paquete estadístico SAS (v.8.01; 2000). Resultados: La pérdida de peso por estrés del transporte fue menor en los grupos de tratamiento que en el grupo control, especialmente en el tratamiento con potasio. El color de la carne, la intensidad de rojez, la claridad y el ángulo de tonalidad mejoraron significativamente en los tratamientos en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, el color de la grasa, la puntuación de marmoleo, el grosor de la grasa dorsal, el porcentaje de canal y el índice de producción de carne no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Conclusión: La suplementación con alimento fermentado con alcohol, potasio o vitamina E antes del transporte mejora la productividad al reducir la pérdida de peso corporal y prevenir el deterioro del color de la carne causado por el estrés del transporte.

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20th and 40th day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

Piezoelectric materials are widely used in electronic devices and, traditionally, various lead-based materials have been implemented in such applications. However, because of the damage caused by lead, other materials with similar characteristics that do not cause a negative impact on human health and the environment have been developed. A material with those characteristics is potassium-sodium niobite K0.5Na0.5 Nbo3. In this study, we investigate the thermogravimetric, structural, and microstructural properties of powders of such system obtained through oxide mixing with the aim of establishing the effect and efficiency of grinding (using a horizontal and a planetary ball mill grinder) on the production of the final material. It was determined that horizontal grinding and calcination at 900°C create the optimal conditions for obtaining K0.5Na0.5 Nbo3 powders, by oxide mixing, with the adequate structure and microstructure to continue the densification and/or doping processes.

In plants, potassium serves an essential role as an osmoticum and charge carrier. Its uptake by roots occurs by poorly defined mechanisms. To determine the role of potassium channels in planta, we performed a reverse genetic screen and identified an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant in which the AKT1 channel gene was disrupted. Roots of this mutant lacked inward-rectifying potassium channels and displayed reduced potassium (rubidium-86) uptake. Compared with wild type, mutant plants grew poorly on media with a potassium concentration of 100 micromolar or less. These results and membrane potencial measurements suggested that the AKT1 channel mediates potassium uptake from solutions that contain as little as 10 micromolar potassium

Fragmento En publicaciones anteriores hemos mostrado que parece existir una diferencia en el perfil de hiperglicemia provocada entre los sujetos diabéticos normo e hipertensos. Tal diferencia consiste esencialmente en la existencia de un pico de hiperglicemia más tardía en las sujetos hipertensos, y podría interpretarse como dependiente de un retardo en el aumento de los niveles de Insulina en el plasma de dichos pacientes. Numerosos trabajos han mostrado que el trastorno en la tolerancia hidrocarbonada observada en pacientes con aldosteronismo primario o bien en hipertensos bajo terapia con Tiazidas son reversibles con la administración de Potasio. Más aún, recientemente, y cuando este trabajo estaba ya terminado tuvimos conocimiento de los estudios ya realizados en Polonia en los cuales se establece una relación entre Potasio intracelular y tolerancia hidrocarbonada y se cita la mejoría obtenida en pacientes adultos con la simple administración de este elemento. Parece pues probable que exista una relación entre niveles de glicemia en sangre después de la administración de glucosa y el \"pool\" de Potasio, tal vez a través de la síntesis o la liberación de Insulina.

Overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (AVP1) confers salt tolerance to the salt-sensitive ena1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Suppression of salt sensitivity requires two ion transporters, the Gef1 Cl- channel and the Nhx1 Na+/H+ exchanger. These two proteins colocalize to the prevacuolar compartment of yeast and are thought to be required for optimal acidification of this compartment. Overexpression of AtNHX1, the plant homologue of the yeast Na+/H+ exchanger, suppresses some of the mutant phenotypes of the yeast nhx1 mutant. Moreover, the level of AtNHX1 mRNA in Arabidopsis is increased in the presence of NaCl. The regulation of AtNHX1 by NaCl and the ability of the plant gene to suppress the yeast nhx1 mutant suggest that the mechanism by which cations are detoxified in yeast and plants may be similar

Fragmento Introducción y Estudios Previos La importancia de la concentración plasmática del ion potasio en el Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono ha sido reportada en múltiples estudios. Todo parece indicar que un nivel bajo del potasio plasmático, cualquiera que sea su origen, trae consigo una tolerancia disminuida a la carga de glucosa. Tal hecho ha sido encontrado en pacientes tomando diuréticos del tipo de las tiazidas, en pacientes con Aldosteronismo primario, o en sujetos en los cuales se ha inducido artificialmente una hipopotasemia, mediante la administración oral de resinas de intercambio iónico.

A large genetic screen for sos (for salt overly sensitive) mutants was performed in an attempt to isolate mutations in any gene with an sos phenotype. Our search yielded 28 new alleles of sos1, nine mutant alleles of a newly identified locus, SOS2, and one allele of a third salt tolerance locus, SOS3. The sos2 mutations, which are recessive, were mapped to the lower arm of chromosome V, approximately 2.3 centimorgans away from the marker PHYC. Growth measurements demonstrated that sos2 mutants are specifically hypersensitive to inhibition by Na+ or Li+ and not hypersensitive to general osmotic stresses. Interestingly, the SOS2 locus is also necessary for K+ nutrition because sos2 mutants were unable to grow on a culture medium with a low level of K+. The expression of several salt-inducible genes was superinduced in sos2 plants. The salt tolerance of sos1, sos2, and sos3 mutants correlated with their K+ tissue content but not their Na+ tissue content. Double mutant analysis indicated that the SOS genes function in the same pathway. Based on these results, a genetic model for salt tolerance mechanisms in Arabidopsis is presented in which SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3 are postulated to encode regulatory components controlling plant K+ nutrition that in turn is essential for salt tolerance