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"POWER CRISIS"
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Texas electric power crisis of 2021 warns of a new blackout mechanism
The Texas electric power crisis that occurred in February 2021 has drawn great attention internationally due to its severity and for not having been foreseen. In this rapid communication, we classify the 2021 Texas electric power crisis as an energy insufficiency-caused power crisis, which alerts of a new blackout mechanism. Different from capacity insufficiency-caused power crises in the past, the Texas electric power crisis of 2021 directly resulted from the long-duration extreme cold weather as well as fundamentally from the insufficiency of sustainable supply capability of energy. We begin this paper with a brief retrospect of the event and its consequences. Definitions of energy/capacity insufficiency-caused power crises are given, as well as an overview of the supply and demand during the event, based on realistic operation data. Quantitative simulations are then conducted to reveal the underlying reasons for the power crisis and reveal how to better prepare for the future. Finally, several insights and suggestions on handling the new mode of blackout in the future are proposed and discussed.
Journal Article
Wealth, power, and the crisis of Laissez Faire capitalism
\"This forcefully argued book offers a provocative picture of the political, intellectual, and economic forces that have shaped the history of the United States from its founding to the present day. Offering an extensive and in-depth critique of laissez-faire doctrine and a novel reformulation of the work of American System writers such as Daniel Raymond, Henry Carey, and Thorstein Veblen, author Donald Gibson traces America's rise to global supremacy. He examines how free-market ideology and the \"establishment\" networks exemplified by Wall Street and the Council for Foreign Relations combined to lead us to the political and economic crises that America faces at the dawn of the twenty-first century\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Africa's power infrastructure : investment, integration, efficiency
This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world's knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. The AICD provides a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It also offers a more solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in the infrastructure sectors in Africa. The book draws upon a number of background papers that were prepared by World Bank staff and consultants, under the auspices of the AICD. The main findings were synthesized in a flagship report titled Africa's infrastructure: A time for transformation, published in November 2009. Meant for policy makers, that report necessarily focused on the high-level conclusions. It attracted widespread media coverage feeding directly into discussions at the 2009 African union commission heads of state summit on infrastructure.
eBook
Collu$ion : how central bankers rigged the world
Exposes the collusion between central banks as they control the global markets and dictate economic policy, casting an unflinching spotlight on the dark conspiracies and unsavory connections within the halls of power.
Book
Revisiting public-private partnerships in the power sector
As the world demand for energy continues to grow, a big question is where will all the energy come from and what will the price tag be. With such enormous sums needed, public-private partnerships (PPPs) could play a big role. But the financial crisis has raised worries about funding, and much is still not known about how best to attract PPPs. This report reviews the evidence to date with sectoral reforms and considers different approaches in varying circumstances to help outline the potential role of the private and public sector in: 1) strengthening the corporate governance of private and public utilities; 2) helping governments to establish legal, regulatory, contractual, and fiscal frameworks; and 3) improved market governance to attract private investment. Chapter one reviews the impact of the recent financial crisis on PPP investment compared with what happened in earlier financial crises. It also looks out the latest projections for additional power sector investment needed because of climate change and the possible sources of financing. Chapter two examines how PPP investment in the power sector has fared. It also gives the results of an econometric study that explores which types of incentives and variables matter most to PPPs when they are weighing entering the power sector, especially in renewables, and what influences the ongoing level of investment. The idea is to provide a powerful benchmarking tool at the sector and country levels against which governments and policy makers can evaluate progress on this issue. Chapter three examines four case studies-in China, Brazil, Peru, and Mexico-to identify, disseminate, and promote best practices on alternative ways to attract PPPs.
eBook
A Crisis-Proof Electrical Power System: Desirable Characteristics and Investment Decision Support Approaches
Electricity expansion planning is inherently subject to uncertainty, shaped by climatic, regulatory, and economic risks. In Brazil, this challenge is compounded by recurrent crises that have repeatedly reduced electricity demand. This study proposes a complementary decision-support approach to make planning more resilient to such crises. Using Brazil’s official optimization models (NEWAVE), we introduce two analytical elements: (i) a regret-minimization screen for choosing between conservative and optimistic demand trajectories and (ii) a flexibility stress test that evaluates the cost impact of compulsory-dispatch shares in generation portfolios. Key findings show that conservative demand projections systematically minimize consumer-cost regret when crises occur, while portfolios with lower compulsory-dispatch shares reduce total system cost and improve adaptability across 2000 hydro inflow scenarios. These results highlight that crisis-robust planning requires combining cautious demand assumptions with flexible supply portfolios. Although grounded in the Brazilian context, the methodological contributions are generalizable and provide practical guidance for other electricity markets facing deep and recurrent uncertainty.
Journal Article
Inteligencia artificial y periodismo
Este trabajo investiga el impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el periodismo y en la desinformación. El diseño metodológico para alcanzar este propósito parte de la revisión de la literatura científica y se complementa con el análisis de tres perspectivas interrelacionadas: la periodística, la económica y la ética. Los resultados revelan que la desinformación es un fenómeno polisémico, lo que dificulta el diseño de una política pública para contrarrestarla. Sin embargo, la IA aparece como una oportunidad para contribuir a ello y desarrollar el concepto de ciudadanía, en tres ejes: 1) la mejora del estado del periodismo profesional, 2) el manejo de la privacidad y 3) el planteamiento ético del desarrollo tecnológico, que contribuya a que las decisiones informativas sean conscientes y alejadas de los sesgos.
This paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on journalism and disinformation. To achieve this, methodological design begins with a review of the scientific literature that is complemented by the analysis of three interrelated perspectives: journalistic, economic and ethical. The results reveal disinformation to be a polysemic phenomenon, complicating the design of public policies to counter it. AI’s emergence presents an opportunity to contribute to this and develop the concept of citizenship along three lines: 1) improving the state of professional journalism; 2) managing privacy; and 3) an ethical approach to technological development, which helps make informative decision-making conscious and free from biases.
Journal Article
Africa's ICT infrastructure : building on the mobile revolution
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been a remarkable success in Africa. Across the continent, the availability and quality of service have gone up and the cost has gone down. In just 10 years dating from the end of the 1990s mobile network coverage rose from 16 percent to 90 percent of the urban population; by 2009, rural coverage stood at just under 50 percent of the population. Although the performance of Africa's mobile networks over the past decade has been remarkable, the telecommunications sector in the rest of the world has also evolved rapidly. Many countries now regard broadband Internet as central to their long-term economic development strategies, and many companies realize that the use of ICT is the key to maintaining profitability. This book is about that challenge and others. Chapters two and three describe the recent history of the telecommunications market in Africa; they cover such issues as prices, access, the performance of the networks, and the regulatory reforms that have triggered much of the investment. This part of the book compares network performance across the region and tries to explain why some countries have moved so much more quickly than others in providing affordable telecommunications services. Chapter four explores the financial side of the telecommunications revolution in Africa and details how the massive investments have been financed and which companies have most influenced the sector. Chapter five deals with the future of the sector. The final chapter synthesizes the main chapters of the book and presents policy recommendations intended to drive the sector forward.
eBook
Anatomía del bulo electoral
Este artículo analiza el contenido de los bulos electorales identificados por los fact-checkers (o verificadores de datos) Maldita y Newtral, utilizando como caso de estudio la campaña de las elecciones generales del 28 de abril de 2019 en España. Para estudiar el contexto en el que opera la desinformación electoral, se creó un bot en la red social Twitter (@unfaking_es) que siguió la actividad de las cuentas de los principales medios de comunicación, partidos políticos, candidatos, instituciones oficiales y fact-checkers. El origen de la mayoría de los 37 bulos analizados se sitúa en redes sociales como Twitter, Facebook y WhatsApp, siendo el propio sistema electoral –al que se tilda de fraudulento– la principal víctima de la desinformación. El debate en Twitter estuvo dominado por el live fact-checking de medios de comunicación de izquierda, siendo el candidato Pablo Casado (Partido Popular) el más desmentido.
This paper analyses the content of the electoral hoaxes identified by fact-checkers Maldita and Newtral, using as a case study the campaign for the April 28th 2019 Spanish general election. To study the context in which electoral disinformation operates, a bot was created on Twitter (@unfaking_es) that followed the activity of the accounts of the main media, political parties, candidates, official institutions and fact-checkers. Most of the 37 hoaxes analysed originated on social networks such as Twitter, Facebook and WhatsApp, and the electoral system itself was the main target of disinformation, being labelled as fraudulent. The debate on Twitter was dominated by live fact-checking carried out by left-wing media, with Pablo Casado (Popular Party) being the most frequently debunked candidate.
Journal Article