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"POWER PROJECT"
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Africa's power infrastructure : investment, integration, efficiency
This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world's knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. The AICD provides a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It also offers a more solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in the infrastructure sectors in Africa. The book draws upon a number of background papers that were prepared by World Bank staff and consultants, under the auspices of the AICD. The main findings were synthesized in a flagship report titled Africa's infrastructure: A time for transformation, published in November 2009. Meant for policy makers, that report necessarily focused on the high-level conclusions. It attracted widespread media coverage feeding directly into discussions at the 2009 African union commission heads of state summit on infrastructure.
eBook
Powering places, Santa Monica : Land Art Generator Initiative
\"The Land Art Generator Initiative implements the design and construction of new landmarks of civic art for the twenty-first century that give back to communities by providing clean and renewable infrastructure solutions, while educating and inspiring people about the beauty of our postcarbon future. LAGI Santa Monica invited creatives around the world to imagine regenerative artworks that harvest millions of liters of drinking water and enough electricity to power thousands of homes in Southern California.\"--Back cover.
Book
Paradigm shift in the sustainability of water-based power sector – an application of Hydropower sustainability assessment protocol
Purpose
The study aims to identify the severe socioeconomic, environmental, and ecological impacts caused by the construction of mega and large hydro-power plants in Uttarakhand, India. In addition to identifying the attributes, the study creates an integrated index that will assist in the development of sustainable hydro-power.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used for this impact identification was based on extensive literature review, focused expert discussions and further validation through a primary survey among the stakeholders in the hydropower sector. The sustainability index (SI) was estimated using the fuzzy logic theory.
Findings
The study area SI shows that few projects are in extreme zones, and through suggestive measures, few project sites can be made viable for long-term sustainable project site. A Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol–based conceptual model is also proposed for mitigation of impacts.
Originality/value
Hydropower plays an essential role in access to cleaner and cheaper sources of energy; it defines the usage of water resources toward inflation-free green energy and holds spectacular operational flexibility. Despite the significant advantages associated with hydroelectric power projects, there are adverse side effects as well. The water-based power sector industry contributes to any nation through both economic and environmental ways. Although one-third of the power business in India is carried out through water-based hydropower projects, recent trends in water-based hydropower projects show significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts that create a debate about the sustainability of these projects.
Journal Article
Causes of Delay in Power Transmission Projects: An Empirical Study
Power transmission (PT) projects are vital for the power sector. However, worldwide PT projects experience delay. There is an urgent need to understand the unique causes of delays in PT projects. This paper presents the first empirical study on causes of delays in PT projects via a comprehensive literature review. Based on this literature review, 63 potential delay factors are identified and divided into ten major groups. These include two new groups of delay attributes, comprising sector-specific factors (SSF) and general factors (GF), where SSF pertains solely to PT projects and GF contributes to minimizing the bias of project participants. A questionnaire survey of 311 PT stakeholders is conducted to determine the overall ranking of the delay factors using the relative importance index. The results indicate that SSF, GF, and external/unavoidable factors are the most critical groups of delay factors, with the top-ranked factors being right of way problems of transmission line (TL), frequent changes in TL routes, and accessibility to the TL tower locations. Finally, recommendations are made to help minimize time overruns in PT projects, as well as in other linear power and non-power construction projects in general.
Journal Article
Private participation in the Indian power sector
This book reviews the major developments in and the lessons learned from the 21-year (1991-2012) experience with private sector participation (PSP) in the power sector in India. It discusses the political economy context of the policy changes, looks at reform initiatives that were implemented for the generation sector, describes transmission and distribution segments at different points in the evolution of the sector, and concludes with a summary of lessons learned and a suggested way forward. The evolution of private participation in the Indian power sector can be divided into different phases. Phase one was launched with the opening of the generation sector to private investment in 1991. Phase two soon followed - early experiments with state-level unbundling and other reform initiatives, including regulatory reform, culminating in divestiture, and privatization in Orissa and Delhi respectively. Phase three, the passage of the electricity act of 2003 by the central government, followed by a large increase in private entry into generation and forays into transmission and experiments with distribution franchise models in urban and rural areas during the 11th five-year plan (2007-12) period. In phase four, at the start of the 12th five-year plan (2012-17), the sector is seeing a sharp reduction in bid euphoria and greater risk aversion on the part of bidders, who are concerned about access to basic inputs such as fuel and land. In this context, the report is structured as follows: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two presents private sector participation in thermal generation; chapter three presents private sector participation in transmission; chapter four deals with private sector participation in distribution; chapter five deals with private sector participation in the Indian solar energy sector; chapter six deals with financing of the power sector; chapter seven presents emerging issues and proposed approaches for the Indian power sector; and chapter eight give updates.
eBook
Assessing the solar PV power project site selection in Pakistan: based on AHP-fuzzy VIKOR approach
Pakistan has an abundant solar power potential which can be effectively utilized for the electricity generation. There are various sites across the country which have sufficient solar irradiation across the year, and thus, suitable for the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) power projects. This study, therefore, aims to undertake research on the establishment of solar power project site selection in Pakistan. In this context, 14 promising cities of Pakistan are considered as alternatives and studied in terms of economic, environmental, social, location, climate, and orography criteria and further supplemented with 20 sub-criteria. Initially, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method has been used to prioritize each of the main criteria and sub-criteria. Later, fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (F-VIKOR) method has been employed to prioritize the 14 alternatives. The present investigation reveals that Khuzdar (C2), Badin (C3), and Mastung (C7) are the most suitable cities for the installation of solar PV power projects in Pakistan. Finally, the outcome of the sensitivity analysis revealed that obtained results are reliable and robust for the installation of solar PV power projects in Pakistan. This study shall assist government, energy planners, and policymakers in making cities sustainable by establishing solar power projects in Pakistan.
Journal Article
Africa's ICT infrastructure : building on the mobile revolution
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been a remarkable success in Africa. Across the continent, the availability and quality of service have gone up and the cost has gone down. In just 10 years dating from the end of the 1990s mobile network coverage rose from 16 percent to 90 percent of the urban population; by 2009, rural coverage stood at just under 50 percent of the population. Although the performance of Africa's mobile networks over the past decade has been remarkable, the telecommunications sector in the rest of the world has also evolved rapidly. Many countries now regard broadband Internet as central to their long-term economic development strategies, and many companies realize that the use of ICT is the key to maintaining profitability. This book is about that challenge and others. Chapters two and three describe the recent history of the telecommunications market in Africa; they cover such issues as prices, access, the performance of the networks, and the regulatory reforms that have triggered much of the investment. This part of the book compares network performance across the region and tries to explain why some countries have moved so much more quickly than others in providing affordable telecommunications services. Chapter four explores the financial side of the telecommunications revolution in Africa and details how the massive investments have been financed and which companies have most influenced the sector. Chapter five deals with the future of the sector. The final chapter synthesizes the main chapters of the book and presents policy recommendations intended to drive the sector forward.
eBook
Divergent Patterns in Wind Power Project Cost Overruns: How Scale Matters and Determinants of Construction Risk
This study analyzes cost overruns in 80 wind power projects, focusing on the impact of configuration types and their interaction effects with other project characteristics. Using multiple regression analyses, including interaction terms and segmented regression, we investigate four key aspects of cost overruns in wind power projects. First, we examine the interaction effects between configuration and other variables, revealing that offshore projects experience greater cost overruns with increases in scale and over time. Second, we identify contrasting patterns between configurations: onshore projects demonstrate technology learning effects, while offshore projects show diseconomies of scale in cost overrun. Third, we discover a critical threshold at 288 MW where cost overrun patterns significantly change, with projects below this scale showing a strong positive correlation with cost overruns. Finally, we analyze technical determinants specific to offshore projects, finding that hub height and distance from shore significantly influence cost overruns. These findings provide crucial insights for project planning and risk management in wind power, particularly highlighting the distinct challenges and characteristics of offshore projects.
Journal Article
Sustainable operation-oriented investment risk evaluation and optimization for renewable energy project: a case study of wind power in China
Renewable energy is playing an increasingly important role in energy security and environmental protection. As China has a huge demand for renewable energy and also has abundant wind resources, it is vital that government, investors and operators work together to ensure the sustainable development of the wind energy industry. Even though China is already a leader in wind power generation with the largest installed wind power capacity in the world, it has continued to build new wind power facilities. However, due to industrial immaturity and the need for significant investment, wind power investors and operators are faced with uncertainty about the attendant risks. To achieve risk mitigation and sustainability, this paper proposes an investment risk evaluation and optimization process for Chinese wind power projects. The Monte Carlo method is first used to evaluate the investment risks, after which a multi-objective programming model is built for the optimization. A specific case in western China is examined to demonstrate the proposed methodology, with the evaluation results indicating that the project has high investment risk. Based on the case study, the key risk factors are identified and optimization suggestions given for China’s wind power projects. The proposed methodology and findings contribute to research on the planning, investment and sustainable operation of renewable energy power generation projects in other areas in China.
Journal Article