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Managing innovation and standards : a case in the European heating industry
This book provides an in-depth study of the management of standards and regulation in sustainable and radical innovation development. It considers the case of micro Combined Heat and Power (mCHP) technology. The developers of this radical innovation in the European heating sector encountered major conflicts when attempting to create or adapt standards when bringing the technology to market. Utilising rich research data and interviews with key actors, the author uses this case to derive a grounded theory on the management of standards and regulation during an innovation process. The results also have important implications for innovators, which are reflected in clear advice for practice.
Book
Spatial analysis and hazard assessment of large-scale ancient landslides around the reservoir area of Wudongde hydropower station, China
The complex geological environment and strong tectonic movement have led to the development of a large number of ancient landslides along the Jinsha River. These landslides exhibit characteristics of large-scale, complex formation mechanisms, multiple sliding periods, and high potential hazards. In this study, we aim to construct an ancient landslide inventory and conduct potential landslide hazard assessment of the Wudongde hydropower station section and its surrounding areas, which is located in the downstream area of Jinsha River. We used the visual interpretation method to recognize large ancient landslides based on high-resolution remote sensing images on the Google Earth platform and analyzed the correlations between the landslide abundance and different influencing factors. Our results show that there were 3126 ancient landslides in the study area, covering a total area of 502.64 km2. The statistical analysis indicated that the landslide occurrence is closely related to the slope gradient and topographic relief, and the landslide abundance index increases with the increase in above two influencing factors. In addition, the ancient landslides gradually decreases with the increase in the elevation, indicating that ancient landslides are more likely to occur in lower elevation areas, i.e., lower portion of the hillslopes. In addition, combining with machine learning method (logistic regression), the potential landslide hazard assessment of the study area was calculated by the hypothetical earthquake scenario of 10% exceedance probability in 50 years. The predicted result shows that the extremely high-hazard area of landslides appeared around the hydropower station, and the high-hazard area was mainly distributed within a 5-km range along both banks of the Jinsha River. This study provides basic data and important reference for the distribution characteristics and potential hazard assessment of ancient landslides in the reservoir area of Wudongde hydropower station.
Journal Article
Deformation behavior and triggering mechanism of the Tuandigou landslide around the reservoir area of Baihetan hydropower station
The reservoir impoundment can lead to accelerated deformation or reactivation of landslides, posing great threats to human lives and dam stability. The primary objective of this paper is to report the movement process of the Tuandigou (TDG) ancient landslide in the Baihetan dam area during reservoir impounding. Field investigation, borehole work, and site monitoring data are used to analyze the deformation behavior and triggering mechanism of the TDG landslide. It is found that the landslide deformation is closely related to the reservoir water level. After the reservoir water level reached the elevation of 810 m on October 12, 2022, the ground cracks continued to expand and gradually linked up, resulting in an accelerated deformation of the TDG landslide. Furthermore, the lithology in the study area also positively contributes to the slide movement. Based on these results, it is anticipated that the present research will provide guidelines for the early warning and control of the TDG landslide during and after the reservoir impounding.
Journal Article
Microseismic Monitoring of Strainburst Activities in Deep Tunnels at the Jinping II Hydropower Station, China
Rockbursts were frequently encountered during the construction of deep tunnels at the Jinping II hydropower station, Southwest China. Investigations of the possibility of rockbursts during tunnel boring machine (TBM) and drilling and blasting (D&B) advancement are necessary to guide the construction of tunnels and to protect personnel and TBM equipment from strainburst-related accidents. A real-time, movable microseismic monitoring system was installed to forecast strainburst locations ahead of the tunnel faces. The spatiotemporal distribution evolution of microseismic events prior to and during strainbursts was recorded and analysed. The concentration of microseismic events prior to the occurrence of strainbursts was found to be a significant precursor to strainbursts in deep rock tunnelling. During a 2-year microseismic investigation of strainbursts in the deep tunnels at the Jinping II hydropower station, a total of 2240 strainburst location forecasts were issued, with 63 % correctly forecasting the locations of strainbursts. The successful forecasting of strainburst locations proved that microseismic monitoring is essential for the assessment and mitigation of strainburst hazards, and can be used to minimise damage to equipment and personnel. The results of the current study may be valuable for the construction management and safety assessment of similar underground rock structures under high in situ stress.
Journal Article
Variations of runoff and sediment and their response to human activities in the source region of the Yellow River, China
The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. The source region of the Yellow River is an important region for water conservation in China. The hydro-ecological environment of the Yellow River source region is very fragile. Therefore, the variation processes of runoff and sediment discharge in the Yellow River source region have become the subject of considerable concern in recent years. However, the source region of the Yellow River has been studied relatively little, and the influence of these two process in the source region of the Yellow River remains unclear. In this paper, precipitation, runoff, sediment discharge, and their interactions in the source region of the Yellow River from 1956 to 2018 were analyzed using several different time-series evaluation methods, such as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient method, the ordered clustering analysis method, and the double-mass curve method. Furthermore, the impact of Huangheyuan hydropower station on these hydrological elements was analyzed in relation to the few other human activities in Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. The results indicated that the precipitation in the source region of the Yellow River increased significantly, the sediment discharge decreased non-significantly, and there was no significant change in runoff over this time period. The years 1995 and 2011 were probable mutation points of the sediment discharge series, and the mutation point of the precipitation series was likely 2001. The Huangheyuan hydropower station is the main reason for the decrease in annual sediment discharge in the source region of the Yellow River.
Journal Article
Collaborative multi‐aggregator electric vehicle charge scheduling with PV‐assisted charging stations under variable solar profiles
Electric vehicles (EVs) are on the path to becoming a solution to the emissions released by the internal combustion engine vehicles that are on the road. EV charging management integration requires a smart grid platform that allows for communication and control between the aggregator, consumer and grid. This study presents an operational strategy for PV‐assisted charging stations (PVCSs) that allows the EV to be charged primarily by PV energy, followed by the EV station's battery storage (BS) and the grid. Multi‐Aggregator collaborative scheduling is considered that includes a monetary penalty on the aggregator for any unscheduled EVs. The impact of the PVCS is compared to the case with no PV/BS is included. A variation in the PV profile is included in the evaluation to assess its impact on total profits. Profit results are compared in cases of minimum, average and maximum PV energy output. The results indicate that the inclusion of penalties due to unscheduled EVs resulted in lowered profits. Further, the profits experienced an increase as the number of EVs scheduled through PV/BS increased, implying that a lesser percentage of EVs are scheduled by the grid when a greater amount of PV and battery energy are available.
Journal Article
Design of Hydraulic System of Microcomputer Governor for Small Turbine
Taking a power station as an example and according to the technical and performance requirements of the turbine governor in small rural hydropower stations, a hydraulic station with high oil pressure is designed by adopting a highly reliable general PLC as the control device and using standardized hydraulic components; Taking into account requirements for regulating performance under the conditions of automatic regulation, manual regulation and emergency shutdown, and the reliability requirements, the hydraulic control circuit with automatic adjustment, manual adjustment and emergency stop is designed to avoid possible problems of hydraulic system by taking effective measures. The product based on the design have been developed and put into production to meet the requirements of industry standard and its application with good effect can be further promoted.
Journal Article
Multi-Risk Interaction Analysis of Cascade Hydropower Stations Based on System Dynamics Simulation
The operation of cascade hydropower stations is accompanied by various target risks while exerting the comprehensive benefits of water resources. The systematic analysis of multi-risk interactions in system operation can improve the operational benefit of hydropower stations. However, the current hydropower operating model used for risk simulation cannot show the dynamic operation processes within the system, which may limit the popularization of the model. In addition, most existing studies define risk from the perspective of reliability and lack analyses of risk resilience and vulnerability. In this study, a system dynamics model for cascade hydropower stations and a unified multi-objective performance index system are constructed. The relationships among the multi-risk of the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba (XLD-XJB) cascade hydropower stations are explored from the aspects of reliability, resilience and vulnerability. The results are as follows. (1) The system dynamics model can effectively simulate the dynamic process of system operation and can be used to study the performance risk changes in the operation process of hydropower stations. (2) The current operating rule leads to ecological risk and shipping risk in the system in the normal scenario. There are also power risks in wet and dry scenarios. (3) There is a contradiction between power risk and shipping risk. In addition, in the case of insufficient inflow, there is a contradiction between the reliability and vulnerability of power risk. (4) The regulation of ecological risk helps reduce shipping risk and power risk. Therefore, ecological outflow should be regarded as the minimum outflow requirement of cascade hydropower stations.HighlightsBased on system dynamics, a simulation model is constructed to reflect the operation dynamic process of cascade hydropower stations.A multi-performance evaluation index system suitable for reliability, resilience and vulnerability risk evaluation is developed.Through the simulation of operating rules with different risk control priorities, the dynamic relationships among multi-risk are analyzed.
Journal Article
Hydrological simulation of the Jialing River Basin using the MIKE SHE model in changing climate
Climate change and human activities have an important impact on the changing environment, leading to significant changes in the basin water cycle process. The Jialing River Basin, the largest tributary of the upper Yangtze River, is selected as the study area. Three different rainfall datasets, the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving (CMAD) dataset, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data, and gauged observation data, were used as inputs for the MIKE System Hydrological European (MIKE SHE) model. By comparing the simulation results driven by various meteorological data, the applicability of the MIKE SHE model at four stations is evaluated, and the sensitivity and uncertainty of model parameters are analyzed. Meanwhile, the impact of large hydropower stations on the runoff of the Jialing River Basin is assessed, and the influence of human activities on the runoff change is determined. The future climate change of the watershed was analyzed by using the typical representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios. Based on the MIKE SHE model, the runoff of the Jialing River Basin in the future climate scenario is predicted, and the corresponding response of the Jialing River Basin is analyzed quantitatively. The results show that the CMAD data-driven model has better Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and correlation coefficient for each period. By analyzing the influence of the hydropower station on the runoff process at the outlet of the basin, it is found that the hydropower station has a certain regulating effect on the runoff process at the outlet of the basin. In addition, the RCP4.5 scenario is more consistent with the future scenario, indicating that the Jialing River Basin will become colder and drier.
Journal Article
Increasing Efficiency and Capacity Expansion and Computer Monitoring Reformation of Aibu III Hydropower Station
The main problems and potential safety hazards of Aibu III Hydropower Station after extended service are analyzed. In view of the serious waste of hydraulic resources and low equipment efficiency of the power station, the expansion and reconstruction scheme of hydraulic turbine generator units is proposed, and the supporting design and implementation are carried out from all aspects of power station buildings, electrical engineering, calculation monitoring system, etc., which makes full use of hydraulic resources and completely solves the potential safety hazards of the power station, It has received good social and economic benefits. For the hydropower station after technical transformation, the operator on duty can monitor and control the operation status of main electromechanical equipment such as water turbine generator units, main transformers, transmission lines, high-voltage switches, station power, intake gates, unit main valves, and auxiliary equipment of the power station on the operator workstation in the central control room of the power station.
Journal Article