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"POWER TRADE"
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Africa's power infrastructure : investment, integration, efficiency
This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world's knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. The AICD provides a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It also offers a more solid empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in the infrastructure sectors in Africa. The book draws upon a number of background papers that were prepared by World Bank staff and consultants, under the auspices of the AICD. The main findings were synthesized in a flagship report titled Africa's infrastructure: A time for transformation, published in November 2009. Meant for policy makers, that report necessarily focused on the high-level conclusions. It attracted widespread media coverage feeding directly into discussions at the 2009 African union commission heads of state summit on infrastructure.
eBook
A Mid/Long-Term Optimization Model of Power System Considering Cross-Regional Power Trade and Renewable Energy Absorption Interval
With the integration of large-scale renewable energy into the power grids, cross-regional power trade can play a major role in promoting renewable energy consumption, as it can effectively achieve the optimal allocation of interconnected power grid resources and ensure the safe and economic operation of the power grid. An optimization model on a mid/long-term scale is established, considering the relationship between the renewable energy absorption interval and the regulation of resources in the system. The model is based on the load block curve and the renewable energy power model, considering the maintenance constraints of conventional units, the operation constraints of conventional units and renewable energy units, cross-regional power trade constraints and system operation constraints. By analyzing the results of the adapted IEEE RELIABILITY TEST SYSTEM (IEEE-RTS), the validity of the model and method proposed in this paper is proven. The results show that the coordinated optimization of conventional energy and renewable energy in the system can be achieved, and the complementarity of power supply and load can be promoted.
Journal Article
Energy and the English Industrial Revolution
\"The industrial revolution transformed the productive power of societies. It did so by vastly increasing the individual productivity, thus delivering whole populations from poverty. In this new account by one of the world's acknowledged authorities the central issue is not simply how the revolution began but still more why it did not quickly end. The answer lay in the use of a new source of energy. Pre-industrial societies had access only to very limited energy supplies. As long as mechanical energy came principally from human or animal muscle and heat energy from wood, the maximum attainable level of productivity was bound to be low. Exploitation of a new source of energy in the form of coal provided an escape route from the constraints of an organic economy but also brought novel dangers. Since this happened first in England, its experience has a special fascination, though other countries rapidly followed suit\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Water Footprints and Virtual Water Flows Embodied in the Power Supply Chain
Water use within power supply chains has been frequently investigated. A unified framework to quantify the water use of power supply chains deserves more development. This article provides an overview of the water footprint and virtual water incorporated into power supply chains. A water-use mapping model of the power supply chain is proposed in order to map the analysed research works according to the considered aspects. The distribution of water footprint per power generation technology per region is illustrated, in which Asia is characterised by the largest variation of the water footprint in hydro-, solar, and wind power. A broader consensus on the system boundary for the water footprint evaluation is needed. The review also concludes that the water footprint of power estimated by a top-down approach is usually higher and more accurate. A consistent virtual water accounting framework for power supply chains is still lacking. Water scarcity risks could increase through domestic and global power trade. This review provides policymakers with insights on integrating water and energy resources in order to achieve sustainable development for power supply chains. For future work, it is essential to identify the responsibilities of both the supply and demand sides to alleviate the water stress.
Journal Article
Pollution, politics, and power : the struggle for sustainable electricity
Pollution, Politics, and Power tells the story of the remarkable transformation of the electric power industry that has taken place over the last four decades. Electric power companies have morphed from polluting, regulated monopolies into cleaner deregulated generators, transmitters, and distributors of electrical power in a far more competitive economic environment. Companies are investing heavily in natural gas and utility-scale renewable resources, and they have quit building new coal-fired plants. The distribution side of the business has become a facilitator of end-use efficiency and a purchaser of excess electricity produced by rooftop solar panels and backyard wind turbines. Meanwhile, the once-powerful coal industry teeters on the edge of bankruptcy as electric power companies throughout the country shutter coal-fired power plants and reduced demand for coal causes mines to close throughout Appalachia and communities throughout the region suffer from high unemployment, reduced resources, and a spiraling opioid epidemic. Environmental regulation has played a major role in this transformation. The Environmental Protection Agency and its counterparts in the states have insisted that new power plants install the best available technology to control air pollution and that existing power plants limit their emissions and solid wastes. Market forces resulting from increased competition, increased supplies of natural gas and inexpensive wind and solar power have also played prominent roles. And the Trump administration's efforts to revive the coal industry by scaling back environmental controls and reregulating electricity prices have had little effect on the industry's decline.-- Provided by publisher
Book
Imitation Learning-Based Performance-Power Trade-Off Uncore Frequency Scaling Policy for Multicore System
As the importance of uncore components, such as shared cache slices and memory controllers, increases in processor architecture, the percentage of uncore power consumption in the overall power consumption of multicore processors rises significantly. To maximize the power efficiency of a multicore processor system, we investigate the uncore frequency scaling (UFS) policy and propose a novel imitation learning-based uncore frequency control policy. This policy performs online learning based on the DAgger algorithm and converts the annotation cost of online aggregation data into fine-tuning of the expert model. This design optimizes the online learning efficiency and improves the generality of the UFS policy on unseen loads. On the other hand, we shift our policy optimization target to Performance Per Watt (PPW), i.e., the power efficiency of the processor, to avoid saving a percentage of power while losing a larger percentage of performance. The experimental results show that our proposed policy outperforms the current advanced UFS policy in the benchmark test sequence of SPEC CPU2017. Our policy has a maximum improvement of about 10% relative to the performance-first policies. In the unseen processor load, the tuning decision made by our policy after collecting 50 aggregation data can maintain the processor stably near the optimal power efficiency state.
Journal Article
Harnessing Wind Energy Potential in ASEAN: Modelling and Policy Implications
This study examines whether and how harnessing more wind energy can decrease the cost of meeting the demand for electricity and amount of carbon emissions in the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, using the ASEAN integrated electricity trade model. Three scenarios are considered: a counterfactual business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, which assumes no wind energy is used; an actual BAU scenario that uses the wind-generation capacity in 2018; and a REmap scenario, which employs the wind-generation capacity from the Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN. Simulation results suggest that dispatching more wind energy decreases the cost of meeting the demand for electricity and amount of carbon emissions. However, these emissions increase during the late years of the study period, as the no- or low-emitting energy-generation technologies are crowded out.
Journal Article