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Purpose – This research has purposes to scrutinize over the role of premium income, expenses claim and underwriting results towards profitability of Indonesia Joint Enterprises Insurance Companies. Design/methodology/approach – The sample used is general insurance company that presents complete financial statements during 2018-2021 and listed by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan through its official website. Purposive sampling used as sampling technique with several samples are 48 data. Panel data regression used as analysis technique which then processed by Eviews-9 application. Findings – Its results showed that only underwriting results which significantly affect on profitability, while the others variables such as premium income had significantly negative affect on profitability so did with the expense claims which turn out had no affect towards profitability. At the level of significance (α = 0.05), it has small effect, while at the significance level of (α = 0.10), the expense claims seem had significant negative affect on profitability of Indonesia general insurance industry. Research limitations/implications – This research has certainly limitations such as the research object used relatively small only the joint general insurance companies which submitted complete financial reports which are listed by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan and followed by the company’s official website. Practical implications – This research indicates that those companies are noticed about an increase in premiums, but on the other hand they have also received many claims, therefore those premiums will be diverted to finance the claims which occur lately, then this certainly would decrease an income or profitability of the insurance company itself. Originality/value – This research also has a different research object and research period compared to previous research, therefore it can be used as a complement the research which have done before.

In developing countries, it is generally believed that a good health status and education (human capital) bring economic well-being and benefits. Some researchers have found that there are overall financial returns and income premiums correlated with human capital because of its excellent and higher ability. Due to different views and a lack of consensus, the role of human capital is still ambiguous and poorly understood. This study investigates the economic returns of health status, education level, and social interaction, that is, whether and how human capital and social interaction affect employment and income premiums. Using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) for specification bias, we used the instrumental variable (IV) approach to specify the endogeneity and interaction effect in order to identify the impact and economic returns of human capital and social interaction on the values of other control and observed variables. However, we show that an individual with strong and higher human capital positively affects economic returns, but the variability of these estimates differs across estimators. Being more socially interactive is regarded as a type of social interaction but as not human capital in the labor market; thus, the empirical findings of this study reflect social stability and that the economic well-being of socially active individuals is an advantaged situation. Furthermore, men with substantial human capital and social interaction are in a more advantaged position compared to women with similar abilities.

An explicit formula for the probability of nonruin of an insurance company in a finite time interval is derived, assuming Poisson claim arrivals, any continuous joint distribution of the claim amounts and any nonnegative, increasing real function representing its premium income. The formula is compact and expresses the nonruin probability in terms of Appell polynomials. An example, illustrating its numerical convenience, is also given in the case of inverted Dirichlet-distributed claims and a linearly increasing premium-income function.

'Investing with Confidence: Understanding Political Risk Management in the 21st Century' is the latest book in a series based on the MIGA–Georgetown University Symposium on International Political Risk Management. The most recent symposium brought together almost 200 senior practitioners from the political risk insurance (PRI) industry, including investors, insurers, brokers, lenders, academics, and members of the legal community. This volume addresses the key issues relevant for investors today, including arbitration, understanding and pricing for risk, and new developments in investments through timely assessments from 15 experts in the fields of international investment, finance, insurance, law, and academia. Contributors to this volume examine key political risk issues including claims and arbitration, perspectives on pricing from private, public and multilateral providers, and explore new frontiers in sovereign wealth funds and Islamic finance. The volume begins with a look back to the founding of International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and MIGA and the respective visions for both of these important institutions. It continues with a review of new developments in global finance and risk management, including Islamic finance and sovereign wealth funds, and provides an investor perspective of what drives the decision making process on procuring political risk insurance. The volume then turns to consider methodologies of pricing from the private, public, and multilateral perspectives, and examines the expropriation and the pledge of shares. This section focuses on key legal questions such as understanding expropriation and the outcome of arbitration hearings, the latter being particularly relevant given the number of cases currently before arbitral panels. The volume concludes with an overview of the key thoughts raised by the authors and the implications for investors going forward. 'Investing with Confidence' offers valuable insights for practitioners and investors alike and is particularly relevant in today's uncertain markets.

In this paper, ruin problems in the risk model with stochastic premium incomes and stochastic return on investments are studied. The logarithm of the asset price process is assumed to be a Lévy process. An exact expression for expected discounted penalty function is established. Lower bounds and two kinds of upper bounds for expected discounted penalty function are obtained by inductive method and martingale approach. Integro-differential equations for the expected discounted penalty function are obtained when the Lévy process is a Brownian motion with positive drift and a compound Poisson process, respectively. Some analytical examples and numerical examples are given to illustrate the upper bounds and the applications of the integro-differential equations in this paper.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Many democracies have public health insurance systems that are tax-financed or in which contributions are linked to income. In a recent issue of this journal, Mathias Kifmann provides a model designed to explain this intriguing observation. This comment argues that the suggested explanation is not really convincing.

This publication is the third in a series of volumes based on the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency-Georgetown University Symposium in International Political Risk Management. Like its predecessors, this volume offers expert assessments of needs, trends, and challenges in the international political risk insurance industry. These assessments come from a dozen senior practitioners from the investor, financial, insurance, broker, and analytical communities. The volume leads off by examining the lessons that can be learned from recent investment losses, insurance claims, and arbitrations. It then turns to consider what the future may hold for coverage of project finance projects in emerging markets as well as recent public-private collaboration trends in the issuance of political risk insurance. It concludes by reconsidering both old and new political risk insurance products and innovations that seek to expand the tools that international investors can utilize to mitigate political risk abroad.

Specialist groups have often advised health ministers and other decision makers in developing countries on the use of social health insurance (SHI) as a way of mobilizing revenue for health, reforming health sector performance, and providing universal coverage. This book reviews the specific design and implementation challenges facing SHI in low- and middle-income countries and presents case studies on Ghana, Kenya, Philippines, Colombia, and Thailand.

This paper provides an explanation for why garbage implies a much lower relative risk aversion in the consumption-based asset pricing model than National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) consumption expenditure: Unlike garbage, NIPA consumption is filtered to mitigate measurement error. I apply a simple model of the filtering process that allows one to undo the filtering inherent in NIPA consumption. \"Unfiltered NIPA consumption\" well explains the equity premium and is priced in the cross-section of stock returns. I discuss the likely properties of true consumption (i.e., without measurement error and filtering) and quantify implications for habit and long-run risk models.

The Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan has indicated that a new financing mechanism broadening the premium base from the payroll tax to family income will be proposed under third-generation National Health Insurance. This study compared the existing system with the new financing mechanism, analyzed the advantages and shortcomings based on considerations of equity, neutrality and administration, and reviewed the related controversies caused by enlarging the premium base. We also provide suggestions for the government in formulating third-generation National Health Insurance in the future. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]