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ducation for technological literacy is a necessity of the 21st century if we want to educate individuals capable of planning, problem-solving, making informed decisions that will contribute to the proper use and advance of technology. Participation in free-time activities as a form of lifelong non-formal learning makes an important contribution to the child's overall development and serves to support formal education. The aim of the case study carried out among 20 participants was to explore their attitudes towards technical education; the challenges and tasks that it imposes on children, teachers and free-time technology–oriented activity instructors; and to evaluate the knowledge and skills it brings to children's lives.

This report finds that in developing countries over the past 15 years, high priority was accorded to increasing enrolments in primary schools, but much less attention was directed to the crucial issue of whether children are learning adequately. The report recommends that countries, the World Bank and development partners give the same emphasis to learning outcomes as to access, so that the world's increasing investments in primary education have a far greater impact on poverty reduction and national development. The World Bank is the largest provider of external financial support to education in developing world. Since 1963, it has transferred about US$36.5 billion for education, over $14 billion of which has been for primary education. Its current lending portfolio consists of about 143 operations in 88 countries amounting to US$8.4 billion. (DIPF/Orig.).

The aim of the study is to describe the behavior of 1st-grade pupils (7 years old) when they work together in small groups of 3, based on data from teacher observation protocols. This article aims to reveal the characteristics of cooperative learning among 1st-grade primary school pupils. Teachers in 1st grade often avoid doing this, arguing that pupils are too young and unable to work and learn together with others. In order to reveal the deeper aspects of cooperative learning, a Lesson study methodology was chosen, and elements of cooperative learning were developed in three different 1st-grade mathematics classes at the same school, teaching the same content. The participants were all first-grade pupils in the school (82 pupils in 1st grade in total) and their 3 teachers. The research data was collected by teachers filling out protocols for observing pupils’ cooperation. The empirical part presents a qualitative content analysis of the observation sheets filled in by the teachers, revealing the experiences of cooperative learning in all three episodes of the Lesson study. The results show that 7-year-olds were able to work smoothly in cooperative groups of three because they were able to get along and help each other.

The purpose of this review is to examine transformational school leadership, responding to the question: ‘What is the research evidence in the international literature pertaining to the impact of transformational school leadership in primary schools on school staff and school culture?’. This review presents a synthesis of 15 studies performed between 2012 to 2022. The data are presented within a framework constructed from the dimensions and characteristics of transformational school leadership. They show transformational school leadership as a positive leadership style with a close interconnection between positive impact of transformational school leadership for school staff and for an enhanced school culture. An increased motivation in staff and the fostering of more positive school culture were found to be the leading impacts of transformational leadership on school staff and culture in this systematic literature review.

The subject of this discussion is the four-year elementary school Latin programme. Evolved in 1958 from the programme which had been in use before the 1958 school reform, it represents with its culture and civilisation topics a meaningfully enriched linguistic core of an early humanities programme. It is a self-contained whole as well as a prerequisite for the revival of advanced gymnasium levels. Appended is a proposal how to help the ŠOLP in state schools rise from the bottom which it had struck, although it had been fairly resilient and successful until the eight-year primary education was replaced by a nine-year programme. This drop may be attributed to unsuitable normatives rather than lack of interest. In this condition it stagnated through the first decade of the nine-year primary school and its own sixth decade (2008–2018), to find itself vita minima on the threshold of the seventh (2018–).

El formato Blended Learning (BL) permite generar y compartir conocimientos online en el contexto de una comunidad de aprendizaje que tiene, a su vez, la posibilidad de conocerse e interactuar presencialmente. Para el estudio expuesto en este artículo, se ha diseñado una investigación acción en el contexto académico del prácticum de magisterio, sustentada en un intercambio transnacional entre estudiantes de dos universidades, en España e Inglaterra. Para ello se ha habilitado una plataforma de intercambio virtual en la que los participantes han compartido saberes experienciales originados durante sus prácticas externas, en centros educativos de Infantil y Primaria. Antes y durante el proceso de comunicación, tienen lugar encuentros presenciales en los dos contextos nacionales, donde se diseñan y regulan las herramientas del intercambio y se incide en el desarrollo de la interculturalidad de los participantes. Los datos se han extraído y recopilado desde la misma plataforma, utilizada para el intercambio documental de narrativas e imágenes sobre la experiencia formativa in situ de los estudiantes, así como los posteriores diálogos y comentarios generados. Un análisis cualitativo del texto, con un proceso de codificación inductiva, permite identificar tres áreas o categorías matrices de saberes docentes intercambiados: los vinculados a la identificación de la motivación por el aprendizaje; aquellos asociados a los valores de la innovación; y aquellos centrados en los elementos curriculares. En la discusión se abordan las prestaciones de las herramientas online en los intercambios académicos virtuales, así como la vinculación entre saberes docentes y valores formativos del prácticum. Concluimos, finalmente, que el formato BL, por su naturaleza dual y compleja, incide sustancialmente enla naturaleza y dinámicas comunicativas que se establecen entre los participantes, por lo cual debe prestarse especial atención a la gestión, guiaje, y regulación de todo el proceso.

O Centro Integrado de Educação em Ciências – Escola Ciência Viva de Vila Nova da Barquinha (Portugal), resulta da colaboração entre o poder político local, a Universidade de Aveiro e a comunidade escolar. Trata-se de um centro de ciência que vive dentro de uma escola, alicerçado em temas locais e aberto à comunidade. É um exemplo pioneiro da concretização de uma perspectiva integrada de educação em ciências, articulando investigação em educação, formação inicial e contínua de professores e educação formal e não formal de ciências, desde 2013. Com a finalidade de identificar os possíveis contributos desta perspectiva para a promoção do ensino das ciências desde os primeiros anos de idade, coletaram-se dados através de inquéritos por questionário a 18 educadores/professores, 441 alunos e 106 pais/encarregados da educação; e, também, por entrevista a 17 educadores/professores e 5 monitores. Recorreu-se à análise estatística descritiva e de conteúdo para as respostas fechadas e abertas, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciaram que os diferentes atores envolvidos têm percepções muito positivas sobre as práticas de ensino, as aprendizagens desenvolvidas e o gosto pelas ciências em contexto formal e não formal. O estudo evidencia as potencialidades da operacionalização da perspectiva integrada de educação em ciências, podendo inspirar outros contextos educativos, nomeadamente pelo seu contributo para a promoção da literacia científica desde os primeiros anos de idade e ao longo da vida.

Background Children at risk of substance use disorders (SUD) should be detected using brief structured tools for early intervention. This study sought to translate and adapt the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) tool to determine its diagnostic accuracy, and the optimum cut-point to identify substance use disorders (SUD) risk in Ugandan children aged 6 to 13 years. Methods This was a sequential mixed-methods study conducted in two phases. In the first qualitative phase, in Kampala and Mbale, the clinician-administered CRAFFT tool version 2.1 was translated into the local Lumasaaba dialect and culturally adapted through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews, in collaboration with the tool’s authors. Expert reviews and translations by bilingual experts provided insights on linguistic comprehensibility and cultural appropriateness, while pilot testing with the target population evaluated the tool’s preliminary effectiveness. In the second phase, the CRAFFT tool, adapted to Lumasaaba, was quantitatively validated against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) for diagnosing SUD in Mbale district, through a survey. Participants, chosen randomly from schools stratified according to ownership, location, and school size, were assessed for the tool’s reliability and validity, including comparisons to the MINI KID as the Gold Standard for diagnosing SUD. Data were analyzed using STATA-15. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and criterion validity of the CRAFFT with the MINI-KID. Results Of the 470 children enrolled, 2.1% (n = 10) had missing data on key variables, leaving 460 for analysis. The median age and interquartile range (IQR) was 11 (9–12) years and 56.6% were girls. A total of 116 (25.2%) children had consumed alcohol in the last twelve-month period and 7 (1.5%) had used other substances. The mean CRAFFT score for all the children (n = 460) was 0.32 (SD 0.95). The prevalence of any alcohol use disorder (2 or more positive answers on the MINI KID) in the last 12 months was 7.2% (n = 32). The Lumasaaba version of the CRAFFT tool demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.86) and inter-item correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.84 (p < 0.001). At a cut-off score of 1.00, the CRAFFT had optimal sensitivity (91%) and specificity (92%) (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.91; 95% CI 0.86–0.97) to screen for SUD. A total of 62 (13.5%) had CRAFFT scores of > 1. Conclusion The Lumasaaba version of the CRAFFT tool has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify school-age children at risk of SUD.

Enhancing the role of private sector partners in education can lead to significant improvements in education service delivery. However, the realization of such benefits depends in great part on the design of the partnership between the public and private sectors, on the overall regulatory framework of the country, and on the governmental capacity to oversee and enforce its contracts with the private sector. Under the right terms, private sector participation in education can increase efficiency, choice, and access to education services, particularly for students who tend to fail in traditional education settings. Private-for-profit schools across the world are already serving a vast range of usersâ€\"from elite families to children in poor communities. Through balanced public-private partnerships (PPPs) in education, governments can leverage the specialized skills offered by private organizations as well as overcome operating restrictions such as salary scales and work rules that limit public sector responses. 'The Role and Impact of Public-Private Partnerships in Education' presents a conceptualization of the issues related to PPPs in education, a detailed review of rigorous evaluations, and guidleines on how to create successful PPPs. The book shows how this approach can facilitate service delivery, lead to additional financing, expand equitable access, and improve learning outcomes. The book also discusses the best way to set up these arrangements in practice. This information will be of particular interest to policymakers, teachers, researchers, and development practitioners.

This review was prepared jointly by the World Bank Group and the World Food Programme (WFP), building on the comparative advantages of both organizations. It examines the evidence base for school feeding programs with the objective of better understanding how to develop and implement effective school feeding programs in two contexts: a productive safety net, as part of the response to the social shocks of the global food, fuel and financial crises, and a fiscally sustainable investment in human capital, as part of long-term global efforts to achieve Education for All and provide social protection to the poor.