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Since the end of 2022, global discussions on Artificial Intelligence (AI) have surged, influencing diverse societal groups, such as teachers, students and policymakers. This case study focuses on Swedish primary school students aged 11–12. The aim is to examine their cognitive and affective perceptions of AI and their current usage. Data, comprising a pre-test, focus group interviews, and post-lesson evaluation reports, were analysed using a fusion of Mitcham’s philosophical framework of technology with a behavioural component, and the four basic pillars of AI literacy. Results revealed students’ cognitive perceptions encompassing AI as both a machine and a concept with or without human attributes. Affective perceptions were mixed, with students expressing positive views on AI’s support in studies and practical tasks, alongside concerns about rapid development, job loss, privacy invasion, and potential harm. Regarding AI usage, students initially explored various AI tools, emphasising the need for regulations to slow down and contemplate consequences. This study provides insights into primary school students perceptions and use of AI, serving as a foundation for further exploration of AI literacy in education contexts and considerations for policy makers to take into account, listening to children’s voices.

Children differ from adults in their physiology and cognitive ability. Thus, they are extremely vulnerable to classroom thermal comfort. However, very few reviews on the thermal comfort of primary school students are available. Further, children-focused surveys have not reviewed the state-of-the-art in thermal comfort prediction using machine learning (AI/ML). Consequently, there is a need for discussion on children-specific challenges in AI/ML-based prediction. This article bridges these research gaps. It presents a comprehensive review of thermal comfort studies in primary school classrooms since 1962. It considers both conventional (non-ML) studies and the recent AI/ML studies performed for children, classrooms, and primary students. It also underscores the importance of AI/ML prediction by analyzing adaptive opportunities for children/students in classrooms. Thereafter, a review of AI/ML-based prediction studies is presented. Through an AI/ML case-study, it demonstrates that model performance for children and adults differs markedly. Performance of classification models trained on ASHRAE-II database and a recent primary students’ dataset shows a 29% difference in thermal sensation and 86% difference in thermal preference, between adults and children. It then highlights three major children-specific AI/ML challenges, viz., “illogical votes”, “multiple comfort metrics”, and “extreme class imbalance”. Finally, it offers several technical solutions and discusses open problems.

Optimal nutrition is one of the most significant environmental factors affecting human health. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of primary school students aged 7–9 towards nutrition considering three fundamental components: knowledge, emotional disposition, and dietary behaviors. The research was conducted using the Focus Group Interview (FGI) technique among 78 children. Considering their attitudes towards food and nutrition, four profiles were identified: “engaged”, “obedient”, “reluctant”, and “indifferent”. Children who were “engaged” and “obedient” due to their parents’ involvement in creating their dietary attitudes exhibited the most alignment with the principles of optimal nutrition. Regardless of profile type, it was observed that children were familiar with recommended and unrecommended food products, as well as the role of water in proper nutrition. It was demonstrated that parents wield the most substantial influence on children’s nutrition. As a result, initiatives promoting the proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle should commence with parents. Children of nutritionally conscious parents tend to eat more healthily and demonstrate a high nutritional awareness. Conversely, the children of busy parents who lack time for meal preparation more frequently replicate their parents’ nutritional mistakes. These findings emphasize the importance of the family environment in shaping the dietary behaviors of children and youth.

Children in developing countries such as India will experience severe consequences of climate change. Primary school students, in particular, are the most vulnerable to extreme weather conditions, such as heat waves intensifying due to climate change. This will adversely impair their development, well-being, and learning outcomes. However, significant research gaps exist in understanding and mitigating children’s vulnerabilities. There is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the impact of heat waves on children’s health and well-being in India. Further, the discussion on the state of heat safety in Indian primary schools is limited. This study addresses these gaps by surveying 335 primary school teachers in seven Indian cities. The data gathered from the field survey offers a better understanding of classroom experiences and challenges encountered by children and teachers during heat waves. It underscores several aspects of students’ vulnerability to heat exposure and its adverse impact on their health, such as absence from school, physical symptoms of heat distress, etc. Furthermore, it highlights the pressing need for classroom heat risk management in light of climate change and makes several policy prescriptions in primary schools.

The number of electronic educational resources is multiplying day by day. Though such resources can be used in teaching children, teachers are not aware of their effectiveness thus far. So as to include websites in educational process purposefully and methodologically profoundly, it is important for the teacher to have cognizance of educational tasks that can be solved with the help of electronic resources, methodological functions they perform, and types of training activities they support and initiate. The paper is aimed to reveal the effectiveness of the interactive educational platform UCHI.ru while teaching math to primary school students. The leading methods applied in the research are as follows: testing, observation and analysis of educational process aimed to teach Mathematics to children aged between eight and nine through the use of UCHI.ru interactive educational platform to specify the dynamics of mathematical skills development in primary school students. The paper proves the validity of primary school students’ mathematical training using UCHI.ru interactive educational platform; reveals features in teaching Mathematics to children aged 8-9 with the use of an educational website; identifies possible problem areas in teaching Mathematics using UCHI.ru interactive educational platform. UCHI.ru interactive educational platform, proposed in the paper, improves learners’ motivation, facilitates their search competence formation and identifies gaps in basic knowledge of “Mathematics” as a subject for each student in class. UCHI.ru interactive educational platform can be employed by primary school teachers as supplementary didactic material.

The purpose of this study is to examine the opinions of fourth-grade primary school students regarding their self-regulated writing skills. This research process was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research designs, and the study was conducted with 52 fourth-grade students. A semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions was used as the data collection tool for the study. The “Story Writing Activity Form” developed by the researchers was used to support the obtained data and data analysis was carried out through content analysis. During the preparation phase, students stated that they determined the subject, hero, title, main idea, event, place, and time. However, they did not express any opinions regarding the organization of the content during the planning phase. They expressed that they paid attention to punctuation marks, capitalization, spelling rules, text structure, and story elements during the drafting phase. Regarding techniques for developing ideas, they uttered that they made comparisons, gave examples, made definitions, and used numerical data. Upon completing their writing, students reported that they corrected their mistakes, had their teachers review them, read what they wrote, checked their work themselves, compared it with their previous writings, had their families review them, and rewrote their texts if they were not satisfied with the quality. They did not express any opinions regarding the publishing phase. The research findings indicate that primary school students’ self-regulatory writing skills need to be developed. The purpose of this study is to examine the opinions of fourth-grade primary school students regarding their self-regulated writing skills. This research process was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research designs, and the study was conducted with 52 fourth-grade students. A semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions was used as the data collection tool for the study. The “Story Writing Activity Form” developed by the researchers was used to support the obtained data and data analysis was carried out through content analysis. During the preparation phase, students stated that they determined the subject, hero, title, main idea, event, place, and time. However, they did not express any opinions regarding the organization of the content during the planning phase. They expressed that they paid attention to punctuation marks, capitalization, spelling rules, text structure, and story elements during the drafting phase. Regarding techniques for developing ideas, they uttered that they made comparisons, gave examples, made definitions, and used numerical data. Upon completing their writing, students reported that they corrected their mistakes, had their teachers review them, read what they wrote, checked their work themselves, compared it with their previous writings, had their families review them, and rewrote their texts if they were not satisfied with the quality. They did not express any opinions regarding the publishing phase. The research findings indicate that primary school students’ self-regulatory writing skills need to be developed.

The article reveals the features of pedagogical school for parents in primary school as an innovative form of pedagogical education of parents to ensure that they acquire the necessary and sufficient knowledge, skills and abilities to lead a healthy lifestyle in the family. The topics are substantiated and the forms of conducting classes in each class of primary school are proposed, which have been successfully tested for ten years in the secondary school of I-III grades № 17 of the city of Ternopil.

Within education, the importance of creativity is recognized as an essential 21st-century skill. Based on this premise, the first aim of this article is to provide a theoretical integration through the development of a framework based on the principles of complex dynamic systems theory, which describes and explains children's creativity. This model is used to explain differing views on the role of education in developing children's creativity. Our second aim is empirical integration. On the basis of a three-dimensional taxonomy, we performed a systematic review of the recent literature (2006-2017, 184 studies) on primary school students 'creativity. Our results show that creativity is most often measured as a static, aggregated construct. In line with our theoretical model, we suggest ways that future research can elaborate on the moment-to-moment interactions that form the basis of long-term creative development, as well as on the mechanisms that connect different levels of creativity.

The COVID-19 pandemic produced widespread disruption to schooling, impacting 90% of the world's students and moving entire school systems to remote and online learning. In the state of New South Wales, Australia, most students engaged in learning from home for at least eight weeks, with subsequent individual and intermittent school closures. However, while numerous claims have circulated in the popular media and in think tank reports, internationally, about the negative impacts on learning, there is limited empirical evidence of decreased student achievement. Drawing on data from more than 4800 Year 3 and 4 students from 113 NSW government schools, this paper compares student achievement during 2019 and 2020 in a sample of matched schools to examine the effects of the system-wide disruption. Somewhat surprisingly, our analysis found no significant differences between 2019 and 2020 in student achievement growth as measured by progressive achievement tests in mathematics or reading. A more nuanced picture emerges when the sample is examined by dis/advantage (ICSEA) and Year level. The Year 3 cohort in the least advantaged schools (ICSEA < 950) achieved 2 months less growth in mathematics, while the Year 3 students in mid-ICSEA schools (950-1050) achieved 2 months' additional growth. No significant differences were identified for Indigenous students or students located in regional locations. These results provide an important counter-narrative to widespread speculation about alarming levels of 'learning loss' for all students. While the lower achievement growth in mathematics for Year 3 students in lower ICSEA schools must be addressed as a matter of urgency to avoid further inequities, most students are, academically, where they are expected to be. Our findings are a testament to the dedicated work of teachers during the 2020 pandemic to ensure that learning for most students was not compromised, despite unusually trying circumstances. [Author abstract]

Although the emphasis on behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing was repeated during the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), not everyone paid enough attention to this. A descriptive statistic was used to make sense of the status of hand hygiene and mask-wearing among primary school students in Wuhan, China. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors affecting the behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing. p < 0.05 (two-sides) was considered as significant at statistics. 42.05% of the primary school students showed a good behavior of hand-washing, while 51.60% had a good behavior of mask-wearing. Gender, grade, out-going history, father’s occupation, mother’s educational background, and the time filling out the survey were significantly associated with hand hygiene, whereas grade, mother’s educational background, and residence were associated with mask-wearing. The behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing among primary school students were influenced by gender, grade, and other factors, therefore, parents should make efforts of behavior guidance whereas governments should enlarge medium publicity.