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"PRIVATE COMPANIES"
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States, Citizens and the Privatisation of Security
Recent years have seen a growing role for private military contractors in national and international security. To understand the reasons for this, Elke Krahmann examines changing models of the state, the citizen and the soldier in the UK, the US and Germany. She focuses on both the national differences with regard to the outsourcing of military services to private companies and their specific consequences for the democratic control over the legitimate use of armed force. Tracing developments and debates from the late eighteenth century to the present, she explains the transition from the centralized warfare state of the Cold War era to the privatized and fragmented security governance, and the different national attitudes to the privatization of force.
eBook
State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict
The past two decades have witnessed the rapid proliferation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, with PMSCs participating in, for example, offensive combat, prisoner interrogation and the provision of advice and training. The extensive outsourcing of military and security activities has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power and raised concerns about the reduction in state control over the use of violence. Hannah Tonkin critically analyses the international obligations on three key states - the hiring state, the home state and the host state of a PMSC - and identifies the circumstances in which PMSC misconduct may give rise to state responsibility. This analysis will facilitate the assessment of state responsibility in cases of PMSC misconduct and set standards to guide states in developing their domestic laws and policies on private security.
eBook
Outsourcing War
Recent decades have seen an increasing reliance on private
military contractors (PMCs) to provide logistical services,
training, maintenance, and combat troops. In Outsourcing
War , Amy E. Eckert examines the ethical implications involved
in the widespread use of PMCs, and in particular questions whether
they can fit within customary ways of understanding the ethical
prosecution of warfare. Her concern is with the ius in bello (right
conduct in war) strand of just war theory.
Just war theorizing is generally built on the assumption that
states, and states alone, wield a monopoly on the legitimate use of
force. Who holds responsibility for the actions of PMCs? What
ethical standards might they be required to observe? How might
deviations from such standards be punished? The privatization of
warfare poses significant challenges because of its reliance on a
statist view of the world. Eckert argues that the tradition of just
war theory-which predates the international system of states-can
evolve to apply to this changing world order. With an eye toward
the practical problems of military command, Eckert delves into
particular cases where PMCs have played an active role in armed
conflict and derives from those cases the modifications necessary
to apply just principles to new agents in the landscape of war.
Recent decades have seen an increasing reliance on private
military contractors (PMCs) to provide logistical services,
training, maintenance, and combat troops. In Outsourcing
War , Amy E. Eckert examines the ethical implications involved
in the widespread use of PMCs, and in particular questions whether
they can fit within customary ways of understanding the ethical
prosecution of warfare. Her concern is with the ius in
bello (right conduct in war) strand of just war theory.Just
war theorizing is generally built on the assumption that states,
and states alone, wield a monopoly on the legitimate use of force.
Who holds responsibility for the actions of PMCs? What ethical
standards might they be required to observe? How might deviations
from such standards be punished? The privatization of warfare poses
significant challenges because of its reliance on a statist view of
the world. Eckert argues that the tradition of just war
theory-which predates the international system of states-can evolve
to apply to this changing world order. With an eye toward the
practical problems of military command, Eckert delves into
particular cases where PMCs have played an active role in armed
conflict and derives from those cases the modifications necessary
to apply just principles to new agents in the landscape of war.
eBook
Private military and security contractors
In Private Military and Security Contractors (PMSCs) a multinational team of scholars and experts address a developing phenomenon: controlling the use of privatized force by states in international politics. Robust analyses of the evolving, multi-layered tapestry of formal and informal mechanisms of control address the microfoundations of the market, such as the social and role identities of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and potential tensions between them. The extent and willingness of key states—South Africa, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Israel—to monitor and enforce discipline to structure their contractual relations with PMSCs on land and at sea is examined, as is the ability of the industry to regulate itself. Also discussed is the nascent international legal regime to reinforce state and industry efforts to encourage effective practices, punish inappropriate behavior, and shape the market to minimize the hazards of loosening states' oligopolistic control over the means of legitimate organized violence. The volume presents a theoretically-informed synthesis of micro- and macro-levels of analysis, offering new insights into the challenges of controlling the agents of organized violence used by states for scholars and practitioners alike.
eBook
Empire's labor : the global army that supports U.S. wars
\"This book is about the labor required to sustain the U.S. military's various overseas operations, both recognized wars and clandestine campaigns, and the experiences of people from around the world who perform it. The military is profoundly dependent on a global army of labor that comes from countries as diverse as Bosnia, the Philippines, Turkey, India, Kenya, England, Sierra Leone and Fiji\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Sensation of Security
The Sensation of Security
explores how private security guards are a permanent,
conspicuous fixture of everyday life in the Brazilian city of Rio
de Janeiro. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research
with security laborers, managers, company owners, and elite global
consultants, Erika Robb Larkins examines the provision of security
in Rio from the perspective of security personnel, providing an
analysis of the racialized logics that underpin the ongoing work of
securing the city. Larkins shows how guards communicate a
sensação de segurança (a sensation of security) to clients
and customers who have the capital to pay for it. Cultivated
through performances by security laborers, the sensation of
security is a set of culturally shaped racialized and gendered
impressions related to safety, order, well-being, and cleanliness.
While the sensação de segurança indexes an outward-facing
task of allaying fears of crime and maintaining order in elite
spaces, it also refers to the emotional labor and embodied worlds
that security workers navigate.
eBook