Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study was performed to document the clinical and ultrasonographic differences between cattle and buffaloes with various sequelae of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) and the importance of ultrasonography in detection of such sequelae. Twenty nine cows and 33 buffaloes with TRP were investigated. By using ultrasonography and some confirmatory techniques as paracentesis, laparotomy and necropsy, the various sequelae of TRP in both species were clarified. Acute local peritonitis, chronic local peritonitis, acute diffuse peritonitis, reticular abscesses, thoracic abscesses and pericarditis have been detected as sequelae of TRP in both cattle and buffaloes. The clinical findings of all sequelae are described. The results of the present study indicate that the classical symptom of pain and systemic reactions were common in most sequelae of TRP in cattle and less common in buffaloes. No specific findings have been recorded for reticular abscesses in both species. Brisket oedema and distended jugular veins have been shown in both cattle and buffaloes with pericarditis and also in four buffaloes with thoracic abscesses. Hence, it is important to use ultrasonography for early detection of TRP especially in buffaloes and to discriminate between different sequelae which have the same clinical findings.

Background. In developing countries the duration and severity of diarrheal illnesses are greatest among infants and young children with malnutrition and impaired immune status, both factors that may be associated with zinc deficiency. In children with severe zinc deficiency, diarrhea is common and responds quickly to zinc supplementation. Methods. To evaluate the effects of daily supplementation with 20 mg of elemental zinc on the duration and severity of acute diarrhea, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving 937 children, 6 to 35 months of age, in New Delhi, India. All the children also received oral rehydration therapy and vitamin supplements. Results. Among the children who received zinc supplementation, there was a 23 percent reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 12 percent to 32 percent) in the risk of continued diarrhea. Estimates of the likelihood of recovery according to the day of zinc supplementation revealed a reduction of 7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -9 percent to +22 percent) in the risk of continued diarrhea during days 1 through 3 and a reduction of 38 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 27 percent to 48 percent) after day 3. When zinc supplementation was initiated within three days of the onset of diarrhea, there was a 39 percent reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 7 percent to 61 percent) in the proportion of episodes lasting more than seven days. In the zinc-supplementation group there was a decrease of 39 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 percent to 70 percent) in the mean number of watery stools per day (P=0.02) and a decrease of 21 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10 percent to 31 percent) in the number of days with watery diarrhea. The reductions in the duration and severity of diarrhea were greater in children with stunted growth than in those with normal growth

The purpose of this study was to determine a nationwide seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A total of 464 blood samples were collected from the three geographical regions (northern, central and southern regions) of the country between November 2009 and August 2011. Sera were separated from whole blood following standard procedures and analysed with an ELISA to detect antibodies against F. hepatica. The positive samples were further classified as mildly, moderately and strongly positive. Out of 464 goat sera samples assessed, five (1.1%) were seropositive. From these, three (0.6%) were mildly positive, two (0.4%) were moderately positive while no samples were observed to be strongly positive. All the five positive animals were adults (younger or 2 years old) rather than young goats (younger than 2 years). There was no significant difference in seropositivity between age and regions. In conclusion, this study determined for the first time the seroprevalence of F. hepatica infection in native Korean goats. The findings also provide an update on the status of F. hepatica infection and can serve as a foundation for future investigations on the significance of this parasite in Korea.

One-week dextran sulfate treatment of conventional (CV) immunodeficient (SCID) mice gave rise to acute colitis in the colon mucosa; germ-free (GF) SCID mice did not exhibit any changes in colon morphology. Dextran sulfate application to CV immunocompetent (BALB/c) mice did induce substantial changes in the colon mucosa (grade 4); GF BALB/c mice showed mild changes in the colon morphology (grade 1) only. GF SCID mice and CV SCID mice died during the second round of dextran sulfate treatment suffering from chronic colitis; GF BALB/c mice exhibited mild crypt distortion while CV BALB/c mice showed a complete loss of the surface epithelium (grade 4), accompanied by T and B lymphocyte infiltration.

This review article summarizes recent findings in the field of complex interrelationship among nutrition, immune status and parasitic infestation. The acute phase reaction and metabolic consequences of immune response are described. Special chapters deal with the influence of protein, energy, minerals, vitamins and essential fatty acids on the immune system. The role of feed intolerance, allergy, aversion and parasites is detailed.

Abstarct Physical examination and clinicopathologic findings from 44 adult Holstein cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis were studied. The cattle were grouped for comparison by stage of lactation and survival. Cattle within the first 4 weeks of lactation maintained higher median mature neutrophil counts (1,200 versus 300/μL) in peripheral blood than cattle later in lactation. Nonsurviving cows had higher median creatinine concentration (2.5 versus 1.6 mg/dL) and anion gap (25 versus 20 mEq/L), and lower serum protein (7.1 versus 7.6 gm/dL) and total CO2 (19.8 versus 25 mEq/L) concentrations than surviving cows (P < .05). These findings indicate that cattle with uremia and metabolic acidosis are less likely to survive the infection. Bacteriologic blood cultures were performed on 34 of the 44 cows studied. Esche-richia coli was isolated from the blood in 11 (32%) cows. Clinical presentation and clinicopathologic data were compared in bacteremic versus nonbacteremic cows to evaluate these data as predictors of bacteremia. Bacteremic cows were sick longer prior to admission (2 versus 1 days), maintained higher median counts of total nucleated cells (6.6 versus 2.4 × 103 cells/μL), myelocytes (0.2 versus 0 × 103 cells/μL), metamyelocytes (0.5 versus 0.02 × 103 cells/μL), band neutrophils (0.7 versus 0.1 × 103 cells/μL), and lymphocytes (2.1 versus 1.4 × 103 cells/μL) than nonbacteremic cows, and had higher plasma fibrinogen concentration (600 versus 500 mg/dL) (P < .05). There were no differences between the physical or serum biochemical measurements. Four of 11 bacteremic cows and 5 of 23 nonbacteremic cows died or were euthanized (P > .05). The high prevalence of bacteremia seen in cows with coliform mastitis has not been reported previously, and may have been due to the duration of disease, severity of signs, or culture technique. These findings suggest that systemic antibiotic therapy may be beneficial in some severe cases of coliform mastitis. J Vet Intern Med 1996;252–257. Copyright©1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.