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This article introduces the Normative Representativeness Requirement (NRR) on any moral objection to a decentralized, profit-oriented system of political economy. I develop and defend the NRR and then show why the most important recent critique of the profit system—which I call The Moderate Critique (developed by, for instance, Elizabeth Anderson)—fails to meet the NRR. This article also defends the radical claim that no objection to the profit system itself, rather than just key aspects or salient instances of it, succeeds in meeting the NRR. Critics of the profit system should not seek an alternative to the profit system, but, at most, an alternative within it.

Purpose: This project aimed to acknowledge the entrepreneurship program in managing human resources in the pandemic era in Indonesia. The essay to understand the entrepreneurship activities in managing human resources in the pandemic era is assumed to have a close connection with acknowledging the entrepreneurship programs in the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 in Indonesia. Methodology: A serial of online information searching and literature review sessions was conducted. After data was gathered, the analysis processing using a qualitative phenomenological approach and profound interpretations were done to see if the research question's reliability and validity were met. Findings: The existing literature on understanding the entrepreneurship program in managing human resources in the pandemic and crisis era of the Covid-19 showed that there are five entrepreneurship activities that were shown relatively significant business program in managing human resources since outbreaks 2020. Finally, we successfully outlined the five related programs as follows: 1) Creating a business crisis plan, 2) More care and services, 3) be among the community, 4) Community relations, 5) Creative thinking endure, 6) Be adjustable.    Originality: Direct insights into the entrepreneurship practices, policymaking, and academic business development are beneficial in creating the next entrepreneurship program plan, especially the strategy to manage human resources with an entrepreneurial role in the pandemic crisis. Research implication: Further project is needed to anticipate the next economic crisis and social-political changes that impacted economic development in Indonesia.

Purpose: This project aimed to acknowledge the entrepreneurship program in managing human resources in the pandemic era in Indonesia. The essay to understand the entrepreneurship activities in managing human resources in the pandemic era is assumed to have a close connection with acknowledging the entrepreneurship programs in the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 in Indonesia. Methodology: A serial of online information searching and literature review sessions was conducted. After data was gathered, the analysis processing using a qualitative phenomenological approach and profound interpretations were done to see if the research question's reliability and validity were met. Findings: The existing literature on understanding the entrepreneurship program in managing human resources in the pandemic and crisis era of the Covid-19 showed that there are five entrepreneurship activities that were shown relatively significant business program in managing human resources since outbreaks 2020. Finally, we successfully outlined the five related programs as follows: 1) Creating a business crisis plan, 2) More care and services, 3) be among the community, 4) Community relations, 5) Creative thinking endure, 6) Be adjustable. Originality: Direct insights into the entrepreneurship practices, policymaking, and academic business development are beneficial in creating the next entrepreneurship program plan, especially the strategy to manage human resources with an entrepreneurial role in the pandemic crisis. Research implication: Further project is needed to anticipate the next economic crisis and social-political changes that impacted economic development in Indonesia.

What we may call the Normative Representativeness Requirement (NRR) is a necessary condition on any successful objection to a political-economic system that is decentralized and profit-oriented. This article applies the NRR to what I call “The Radical Critique” of the profit system. I argue that this critique, which is not only historically important (as reported by Marx (Capital: a critique of political economy, C.H. Kerr and Company, Chicago, 1867)) but also continues to circulate (e.g., as reported by Cohen (Why not socialism?, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2009), as reported by Piketty (Capital in the twenty-first century, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2014)), does not meet the NRR. The Radical Critique of diverse forms of the profit system (e.g., laissez-faire or a welfare-state) suffers from a fatal flaw that renders its logical force at best undiscernible.

This article sketches the cultural significance that garden manuals had in England, from exemplifying a pleasurable and an aesthetic activity to encouraging the setting up of a profitable business. By investigating gardening manuals and treatises from the period, this study argues that eighteenth-century gardening manuals played an important role in shaping the cultural meanings of English gardens, in conveying “a practical knowledge of gardening, to gentlemen and young professors, who delight in that useful and agreeable study” (Abercrombie, The Preface, 1767) and in producing an original type of discourse which was employed to describe and represent the newly created professions.

This workbook coaches business leaders to magnify the profits of a business. They learn a unique scientific system for predicting and achieving results. Their systematic decisions will spark the profits of any business. This system comprises all strategic decisions in the marketing plan for a business. The first part uses the SWOT Analysis to assess its strengths and weaknesses and identify possible opportunities and threats. The SWOT Analysis clarifies the mission, target market, specialty, and suppliers of the business. The questions at the end of these four chapters guide business leaders to focus on quality, describe key customers, compete on strength, and delegate weaknesses. The next part positions the business relative to its competitors with marketing mix decisions. Business leaders specify its products and services, and how to distribute, promote, and price them. These four chapters close with questions that lead the business to offer treasures, deliver delight, trumpet empathy, and price as valued. The final part motivates them to implement their decisions. The closing questions motivate business leaders to target key prospects, reward the best, concentrate resources, and jump into action. These twelve decisions transform a marketing plan and build the business. Her unique scientific system coaches business leaders to use the 80/20 rule to magnify their profits.

This evaluation assesses the strategies, investment projects, and technical assistance operations of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) from Fiscal Year 1994 - Fiscal Year 2005 to support micro, small and medium size enterprises (MSMEs) in frontier countries (i.e., low income or high risk countries). The confluence of two IFC strategic priorities - support for MSMEs and support for enterprises in frontier countries - serves as the point of departure of the evaluation. This timely report will find widespread interest among economic development practitioners in finding sustainable business models for providing financial support to micro-enterprises. It includes an evaluation of the performance of the MSME-FIs in implementing IFC's environmental, health, social and safety (ESHS) requirements.

Countries everywhere are divided into two distinct spatial realms: one urban, one rural. Classic models of development predict faster growth in the urban sector, causing rapid migration from rural areas to cities, lifting average incomes in both places. The process continues until the marginal productivity of labor is equalized across the two realms. The pattern of rising urbanization accompanying economic growth has become one of the most visible and self-evident empirical facts of development across the world, with almost 200,000 people making the rural-to-urban trek every day, according to the United Nations. Cities across the world are powering growth, development, and modernization. The study then takes a close look at Diepsloot, a large township in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Area, to bring out more vividly the economic realities and choices of township residents. Although atypical in many ways, by the virtue of being newer, poorer, and more informal, with a bigger concentration of migrants (many of them foreign nationals), than the historically established townships, Diepsloot also retains many of the economic characteristics of South African townships: Issues of joblessness, uneven access to basic public services, and overwhelming levels of crime and violence are almost as pervasive in Diepsloot as they are in other T&IS. At the same time, an emergent informal sector more visibly pervades the township than seen in the average township, which makes it a particularly useful place to study in order to develop an understanding of the kinds of economic activities that are feasible in townships. It focuses particularly on the nature of business activity in the township, the key investment-climate constraints faced by its firms, income and expenditure patterns across households, and some aggregative social and human indicators. In a first attempt of its kind for a township, the report also develops a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Diepsloot for a comprehensive and consistent picture of the place, including the circular flow of income within the township, the nature of its interaction with the rest of the South African economy, and a simple multiplier analysis of its economy.

Data mining is a technique using huge data sets which are processed for discovering unsuspected relationships and patterns among the data. This will result in the knowledge which is acquired by processing the patterns of information. Further that knowledge is used to formulate a profitable business approach. Hence, we would be able to predict appropriate and right facts to the desired person at the apparent time so that recommended decisions can be taken faster. To accomplish this task, we have various data mining methods and machine learning programs that can be used to collect the data, then structuring the data, and then finally converting it into some useful information. That information can be used for making profitable business management decisions, this is business intelligence.