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The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges in combination with either pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or cloprostenol (PGF2alpha) or both applied intramuscularly for inducing and synchronizing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes (n=69) was investigated during the natural non-breeding season. Cervical artificial insemination with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (48 and 60 h) following progestagen withdrawal. There were significant differences between MAP and MAP/PGF2alpha treated ewes and the two other groups, i.e. MAP/PMSG, MAP/PMSG/PGF2alpha in terms of the onset of induced estrous and in terms of estrous response at the first 24+/-6 h, and between MAP and MAP/PGF2alpha groups in terms of the duration of induced estrous. The use of MAP/PMSG was more efficient than the use of MAP or MAP/PGF2alpha in the attainment of early and compact induction and synchronization of estrous in ewes.

We compared pregnancy rates of beef cows subjected to the traditional Syncro-Mate-B protocol or the new Ovsynch protocol and timed insemination. Multiparous Angus cows (n = 436) were stratified by age, postpartum interval, and AI sire and were randomly divided into two treatment groups for synchronization of estrus/ovulation. Approximately half of the cows (n = 216) received the traditional Syncro-Mate-B protocol with 48-h calf removal from the time of implant removal until breeding. The remaining cows (n = 220) received the Ovsynch protocol, which consists of an injection of GnRH (100 microgram) on d -10, an injection of PGF2alpha (25 mg) and 48-h calf removal on d -3, another injection of GnRH and calf return on d -1, and timed insemination 24 h later (d 0). Blood samples were collected from all cows before treatment to identify anestrous and cyclic females. Pregnancy rates were higher (P .025) for Ovsynch-treated cows (54%) than for Syncro-Mate-B-treated cows (42%). Pregnancy rates of cyclic Ovsynch-treated cows (59%) were higher (P .005) than pregnancy rates of cyclic Syncro-Mate-B-treated cows (38%). Pregnancy rates of anestrous cows also tended to favor synchronization with the Ovsynch protocol. From these data, we conclude that the Ovsynch protocol is capable of inducing a fertile ovulation in cyclic and anestrous beef cows and that pregnancy rates to a timed insemination are higher than those obtained with synchronization of estrus using Syncro-Mate-B

FRAGMENTO 1 DENOMINACIONES Muchos han sido los nombres que a través de la literatura se le han dado a estos compuestos de acción un tanto similar a la de la Progesterona. Así se los ha llamado: Gestágenos, Gestógenos, Progestángenos, Progestógenos, Progestínicos, Compuestos Progestacionales, Agentes Progestacionales Anovulatorios, etc.

Contexto: el cáncer de tiroides es más común en mujeres que en hombres, es por esto por lo que, pese a que se ha propuestouna teoría de origen de esta tumoración en las hormonas femeninas, esta hipótesis al momento no ha podido ser validada.Objetivo: se propuso un estudio piloto para evaluar la posibilidad de encontrar marcadores hormonales femeninos en tejido de pacientes hombres intervenidos por cáncer de tiroides.Metodología: las muestras de tejido de diez pacientes hombres intervenidos por cáncer papilar fueron sometidas a estudiosde inmunohistoquímica con marcadores para estrógenos y progesterona.Resultados: ninguna de las muestras de tejido de hombres con cáncer papilar sometidas a estudios de inmunohistoquímica en este estudio piloto reaccionó frente al marcador hormonal femenino.Conclusiones: este estudio piloto, de una serie de casos pequeña, no demostró relación hormonal en tejido tiroideo de pacientes hombre con cáncer papilar frente a los marcadores para estrógenos o para progesterona.

Background: it is known that coffee pulp can modify the oxidative status and fertility in dairy cows. Objective: to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with coffee pulp on the antioxidant capacity, lipid oxidation and reproductive characteristics of ewes during estrous synchronization and early gestation. Methods: forty Dorset-Suffolk crossbred ewes with 3 or 4 parturitions were allocated to two treatments: T0 (n = 21), ewes supplemented with 450 g of a control feed; and T1 (n = 19), ewes supplemented with 450 g of the feed with 25% coffee pulp. Supplementation began 14 days before estrous synchronization and ended 25 days after breeding. During estrous synchronization, progestogen (CIDR, Controlled Internal Drug Release) was inserted and left in situ for 11 days. Eighteen hours later, estrous detection began with the aid of rams. Blood samples were collected at different times of synchronization and during early pregnancy to determine antioxidant capacity, lipid oxidation and blood progesterone concentration. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 and 60 days after CIDR removal. Results: supplementation with coffee pulp did not affect estrous onset, estrous response or progesterone concentration, but fertility decreased from 100 to 78.95%. The antioxidant capacity measured using the FRAP technique was greater in coffee pulp supplemented ewes only before progestogen insertion. Coffee pulp did not modify lipid oxidation; however, this variable was affected by sampling time, decreasing after progestogen removal to its lowest values at 22 days into pregnancy. Conclusion: although supplementation with coffee pulp at 25% in the concentrate increased antioxidant capacity of ewes before insertion of progestogen, it is not recommended to use this percentage during synchronization or early pregnancy since it can negatively affect gestation rate. Antecedentes: a polpa de café pode modificar o estado oxidativo e a fertilidade em vacas leiteiras. Objetivo: avaliar a polpa de café na capacidade antioxidante, oxidação da gordura e nas características reprodutivas das ovelhas durante sincronização do estro e gestação inicial. Métodos: quarenta ovelhas cruzas Suffolk e Dorset de 3 e 4 nascimentos foram agrupadas no T0 (n = 21), suplementação com 450 g de alimento controle e T1 (n = 19), suplementação com 450 g de alimento com 25% de polpa de café. A suplementação iniciou 14 dias antes da sincronização do estro e terminou 25 dias depois do acasalamento. O hormônio progestina (CIDR, dispositivo intravaginal de libertação controlada de fármaco) foi inserido por 11 dias. Dezoito horas depois da retirada iniciouse a detecção do estro. Fizeram-se amostras de diferentes tempos do período e da gestação inicial para determinar a capacidade antioxidante, oxidação dos lipídeos e concentração de progesterona. Realizou-se o diagnóstico de gestação 30 e 60 dias depois de remover o CIDR. Resultados: a suplementação com a polpa de café não afetou o início do estro, a resposta ao estro e a concentração de progesterona, mas a fertilidade decresceu de 100 a 78,95%. A capacidade antioxidante que foi medida pela técnica de FRAP foi maior nas ovelhas suplementadas com a polpa de café somente antes da inserção do progestágeno. A polpa de café não modificou a oxidação dos lipídeos; no entanto, estes foram modificados pelo tempo de amostra, decrescendo depois de remover o progestágeno até 22 dias de gestação. Conclusão: ainda que a polpa de café a 25% de concentração incrementa a capacidade antioxidante antes da inserção do progestágeno, não é recomendado este percentual para as ovelhas durante a sincronização do estro e a gestação inicial, já que decresce a porcentagem de gestação. Antecedentes: se sabe que la pulpa de café puede modificar el estado oxidativo y la fertilidad en vacas lecheras. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del suministro dietario de pulpa de café y su capacidad antioxidante, oxidación lipídica, y características reproductivas en ovejas durante la sincronización del estro y la gestación temprana. Métodos: cuarenta ovejas cruzadas Suffolk x Dorset de 3 y 4 partos fueron asignadas a dos grupos: T0 (n = 21), suplementación con 450 g de alimento (grupo testigo); y T1 (n = 19), suplementación con 450 g de alimento con 25% de pulpa de café. La suplementación inició 14 días antes de la sincronización del estro y terminó 25 días después del apareamiento. El progestágeno (CIDR, Dispositivo Intravaginal de Liberación Controlada) fue insertado en los animales por 11 días. Dieciocho horas después de su retiro se inició la detección de estros. Se muestreó a diferentes tiempos después de la sincronización y durante la gestación temprana para determinar capacidad antioxidante, oxidación lipídica y concentración de progesterona. El diagnóstico de preñez se realizó 30 y 60 días después de la remoción del CIDR. Resultados: la suplementación con pulpa de café no afectó el inicio del estro, la respuesta al estro ni la concentración de progesterona. Sin embargo, la fertilidad disminuyó de 100 a 78,95%. La capacidad antioxidante, medida mediante la técnica FRAP, fue mayor en ovejas suplementadas con pulpa de café, pero solo antes de la inserción del progestágeno. La pulpa de café no modificó la oxidación lipídica; sin embargo, si fue modificada por el tiempo de muestreo, decreciendo desde la remoción del progestágeno hasta los 22 días de preñez. Conclusión: aunque la suplementación del concentrado con 25% de pulpa de café incrementó la capacidad antioxidante antes de la inserción del progestágeno, no se recomienda ese porcentaje durante la sincronización y gestación temprana, ya que redujo el porcentaje de gestación de las ovejas.

The objective of the present study was to determine the duration of elevated concentrations of progesterone necessary to induce atresia of persistent ovarian follicles. Heifers were administered 25 mg of PGF2 alpha on d 6 and 7 (d 0 = d of synchronized estrus) and a norgestomet implant from d 6 to 14. Ovaries were monitored by ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected on d 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 12 and daily from d 14 until ovulation. On d 12, heifers received either two progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) for 6 h (6-h; n = 5), two PRID for 24 h (24-h; n = 5), or no treatment (CON; n = 5). Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals from h -6 to 30 (PRID insertion = h 0) and analyzed for concentrations of LH. Characteristics of LH secretion were determined for consecutive 6-h periods (Period 0 to 5). Hourly blood samples, collected from h 0 to 29, were analyzed for concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (estradiol) and progesterone. The dominant ovarian follicles present on d 7 increased in size to 15.4 +/- .3 mm on d 12 (\"persistent follicle\"). Following removal of the PRID and norgestomet implants, atresia of persistent follicles and ovulation of new follicles were induced in one of five and in four of five heifers in the 6-h and 24-h treatments, respectively. Persistent follicles ovulated after withdrawal of norgestomet in all other heifers. Concentrations of progesterone were increased from h 1 to 7 in the 6-h and h 1 to 26 in the 24-h treatment. Frequency of LH pulses was reduced (P .05) during Periods 1 to 2 in the 6-h and Periods 1 to 5 in the 24-h treatment relative to the CON treatment. By h 10, concentrations of estradiol in the 6-h and 24-h treatments were lower (P .05) than in the CON treatment. This suppression continued through h 29 in the 24-h treatment (P .05), whereas concentrations in the 6-h treatment were intermediate to those of the CON and 24-h treatments after h 14. Suppression of pulsatile LH release and estradiol...

The efficacy of erodible norgestomet implants for preventing pregnancy in postpubertal heifers was evaluated in two experiments at five locations each. Heifers (n 896) within each study location were stratified by weight and allotted randomly to receive an ear implant containing either 0, 24, 36, or 48 mg of norgestomet (d 0). Heifers were exposed to fertile bulls immediately after implantation for 75 d (d 0 to 74) in Exp. 1 (n = 476) or for 80 d (d 75 to 154) in Exp. 2 (n = 420). Weights were recorded on d 0 and 74 (Exp. 1 and 2) and d 154 (Exp. 2). Each heifer was palpated rectally for pregnancy at the end of each experiment. Pregnancy rates were higher (P .01) for control heifers (0 mg implant) than for heifers that received 24, 36, or 48 mg of norgestomet. In Exp. 1, pregnancy rates were 96, 29, 6, and 4% for heifers that received 0, 24, 36, and 48 mg implants of norgestomet, respectively. In Exp. 2, pregnancy rates were 85, 36, 19, and 9% for heifers that received 0, 24, 36, and 48 mg implants of norgestomet, respectively. Estrous activity during the first 3 wk of bull exposure was reduced (P .05) among heifers that received norgestomet implants compared to control heifers but was not completely abolished at any dosage in Exp. 1. During the first 75 d of Exp. 1 and 2, heifers treated with 36 or 48 mg norgestomet implants gained weight faster (P .05) than control heifers. Combined across both experiments, ADG during the first 74 d were .53, .56, .59, and .60 kg/d for heifers treated with 0, 24, 36, and 48 mg implants of norgestomet, respectively. These data indicate that norgestomet implants increased rate of weight gain, reduced estrous activity, and reduced the occurrence of pregnancy in heifers on pasture

Para evaluar la eficacia de los dispositivos auriculares de progesterona nuevos y de segundo uso, se determinaron las tasas de presentación de estros y porcentaje de preñez en animales ciclando y en anestro por amamantamiento. Se usaron 69 vacas doble propósito (Bos taurus por Bos indicus) con cría al pie y con 60 a 80 días postparto, de una explotación ganadera, ubicada en el municipio de Cimitarra, Santander. Los animales fueron implantados durante 9 días, con 3 mg de Norgestomet (Crestar® MSD), y se dividieron en dos grupos al azar, Grupo 1 (n= 35) vacas con dispositivos nuevos; Grupo 2 (n= 34) vacas con implantes auriculares reutilizados, y se realizó la inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo a las 56 horas posteriores al retiro de los dispositivos. Los datos obtenidos, fueron sometidos a prueba de Análisis de Varianza simple (ANOVA) con una confiabilidad del 95%. Para la variable presentación de estros no se encontraron diferencias (p>0,05), entre el grupo 1 y 2 (66,4% y 53,4%), respectivamente. Las variables preñez y estructuras ováricas (Cuerpos Lúteos y folículos Dominantes), al momento de la sincronización, arrojaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre los grupos grupo 1 dispositivo nuevos (53.9%) vs grupo 2 dispositivo usados (38,3%), con estructuras ovaricas y entre el grupo 1 dispositivo nuevo (56,6%) vs Grupo 2 dispositivo usados (33,2%) respectivamente, con ovarios sin estructuras. Se concluye que los dispositivos auriculares de progesterona nuevos y de segundo uso, generan similares tasas de presentación de estros. Así mismo, los porcentajes de preñez son mayores en vacas ciclando frente a vacas en anestro.

Se presenta el estudio clínico de un progestágeno: el d-Norgestrel, como anticonceptivo a la dosis de 400 microgramos, suministrado en forma de píldora post-coito a 176 mujeres sobre un total de 1.448 meses-calendario, correspondiente a 1.557 intervalos (ciclos) menstruales. La buena aceptación, la toma post-coito que implica un mínimo de omisiones y la virtual ausencia de efectos secundarios, son ventajas del preparado. En cambio, las irregularidades menstruales como polimenorreas u oligomenorreas de acuerdo al número de píldoras tomadas y la tasa de fallas de 4.9 embarazos por cien años-mujer, aunque aún permite incluirlo en el \" grupo II métodos altamente efectivos\" constituyen desventajas notorias.