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Understanding cooperation as a distinctly human combination of innate and learned behavior.Drop something in front of a two-year-old, and she's likely to pick it up for you. This is not a learned behavior, psychologist Michael Tomasello argues. Through observations of young children in experiments he himself has designed, Tomasello shows that children are naturally-and uniquely-cooperative. Put through similar experiments, for example, apes demonstrate the ability to work together and share, but choose not to. As children grow, their almost reflexive desire to help-without expectation of reward-becomes shaped by culture. They become more aware of being a member of a group. Groups convey mutual expectations, and thus may either encourage or discourage altruism and collaboration. Either way, cooperation emerges as a distinctly human combination of innate and learned behavior. In Why We Cooperate, Tomasello's studies of young children and great apes help identify the underlying psychological processes that very likely supported humans' earliest forms of complex collaboration and, ultimately, our unique forms of cultural organization, from the evolution of tolerance and trust to the creation of such group-level structures as cultural norms and institutions. Scholars Carol Dweck, Joan Silk, Brian Skyrms, and Elizabeth Spelke respond to Tomasello's findings and explore the implications.

Gestalt therapy offers a present-focused, relational approach, central to which is the fundamental belief that the client knows the best way of adjusting to their situation. This new edition of Gestalt Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques provides a concise, accessible guide to this flexible and far-reaching approach. Substantially updated throughout, topics discussed include: The theoretical assumptions underpinning gestalt therapy. As such this book will be essential reading for gestalt trainees, as well as all counsellors and psychotherapists wanting to learn more about the gestalt approach. Gestalt assessment and process diagnosis. Field theory, phenomenology and dialogue. Ethics and values. Evaluation and research.

A practical and easy-to-use primer, ideal for newcomers and experienced professionals alike, ACT Made Simple offers clear explanations of the six core processes of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and a set of real-world tips and solutions for rapidly and effectively implementing this powerful therapy into practice. This fully revised and updated second edition includes new information and chapters on self-compassion, flexible perspective taking, working with trauma, and more.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the professional development of counselors and therapists over the career lifespan. Drawing on their own extensive experience as psychotherapists, supervisors, teachers, and researchers, as well as from their own extensive study of the topic, previously published in their 1992 book The Evolving Professional Self, the authors aim to provide an update of their work that all counselors and psychotherapists will find valuable and useful. Readers are provided with empirically based conceptual knowledge that can increase their awareness of the central issues in professional development, allowing them to monitor their own development. The authors discuss the concept of development and review the research literature on practitioner development, and then provide detailed descriptions of its six phases. Aspects of each phase addressed include the developmental tasks unique to that phase; the sources of influence and the learning process which impacts therapeutic work and a sense of development; the perception of the professional role and working style; and therapists' measures of effectiveness and satisfaction. All of this is augmented with quotes and illustrative examples from participants in the authors' research studies. The book includes knowledge generated from research on master therapists and from the Society for Psychotherapy Research/Collaborative Research Network. The book also considers themes of professional development; struggles faced by novice practitioners; patterns of practitioner resiliency; and ways to improve training, supervision, and practice.

The Mother and Her Child: Clinical Aspects of Attachment, Separation, and Loss, edited by Salman Akhtar, focuses upon the formation of an individual's self in the crucible of the early mother-child relationship. Bringing together contributions from distinguished psychoanalysts and child observational researchers, it elucidates the nuances of mothering, the child's tie to the mother, the mysteries of secure attachment, and the hazards of insecure attachment. These experts also discuss issues of separation, loss, and alternate sources of love when the mother is absent or emotionally unavailable, while highlighting the relevance of such ideas to the treatment of children and adults.

Adolescent Counselling Psychology: Theory Research and Practice provides a thorough introduction to therapeutic practice with young people. As an edited text, it brings together some of the leading authorities on such work into one digestible volume. The text is divided into three major sections. The first provides a context to therapeutic work with young people. This outlines the historical background to such work, the types of settings in which individuals work and the allied professions that they will encounter. Following on from this, the second section introduces the psychology of adolescence and provides an overview of the research into youth counselling. Finally, the third section considers more applied issues. Initially the infrastructure of counselling services is discussed before moving on to reflect upon pluralistic therapeutic practice. To end, the ways in which outcomes may be assessed in such work are described. In covering such a wide territory this text acts as an essential resource to practicing counselling psychologists and other mental health professionals. It provides a foundation to the work that individuals are undertaking in this arena and advocates that individuals enter into therapeutic work in a critically informed way. At the heart of such considerations is the need to utilise psychological theory alongside research findings to inform therapeutic decision making.

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy rooted in the CBT tradition, and one that has a distinctive perspective on emotional problems. Rather than discussing treatment methods, Windy Dryden encourages the reader to understand these problems accurately and suggests that doing so will provide a firm foundation for effective treatment. This new edition, updated throughout, reflects the increased interest in helping clients work towards ‘healthy negative emotions’. Understanding Emotional Problems and their Healthy Alternatives provides an accurate understanding of the REBT perspective on eight major emotional problems for which help is sought and their healthy alternatives: anxiety and concern depression and sadness shame and disappointment guilt and remorse unhealthy anger and healthy anger hurt and sorrow unhealthy jealousy and healthy jealousy unhealthy envy and healthy envy. Understanding Emotional Problems and their Healthy Alternatives will be essential reading for therapists, both in training and in practice.

`With the increasing emphasis on conducting research that makes a difference to governmental and other policy organisations, it seems likely that the kinds of methodologies introduced by Timulak will be of growing interest to researchers. In this respect, the book will be at the cutting edge of developments in counselling and psychotherapy research' - Professor Mick Cooper, University of Strathclyde Doing Research in Counselling & Psychotherapy is a guide to methods used in studying the outcomes and processes of therapy. Introducing a range of methodologies which are used internationally, the author describes different research designs and illustrates them through examples of actual studies. Presenting the findings from key studies, he clearly demonstrates the usefulness of the research in therapeutic practice.Doing Research in Counselling & Psychotherapy is ideal for researchers and for students on courses in counselling, psychotherapy, clinical and counselling psychology and psychiatry. Ladislav Timulak is course director of the MSc in Counselling Psychology at Trinity College, Dublin. He previously worked at the University of Trnava, Slovakia, and has extensive practical experience in the field of counselling and psychotherapy, as well as experience in conducting psychotherapy research and training.

This Handbook provides counselling psychology students, educators, researchers, and practitioners with a conceptual road map of social justice and social action that they can integrate into their professional identity, role, and function. It presents historical, theoretical, and ethical foundations followed by exemplary models of social justice and action work performed by counselling psychologists from interdisciplinary collaborations. The examples in this Handbook explore a wide range of settings, with diverse issues, and reflect a variety of actions.

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques presents 100 main features of rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) to help therapists improve their practice. This new edition has been updated throughout to take account of changes in the field and to be more consistent with the ideas of the authors, which have been derived from their experience as trainers and supervisors of novice rational emotive behaviour therapists. Beginning with an introduction outlining the basics of the approach, this book offers thorough coverage of all the vital topics including: working alliance issues educational issues dealing with misconceptions about REBT encouraging clients to work at change dealing with obstacles to change using REBT creatively. This concise and highly practical book will be invaluable to psychotherapists and counsellors in training and practice, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the REBT approach.