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Cultures of Mass Tourism
Cultures of Mass Tourism discusses how mass tourism has brought about new social and cultural formations that mix global, national and local influences and offers a series of insights into some of the key sites. It looks at the new forms and spaces created, as well as the social practices and materialities of mass tourism to provide a thorough analysis of the subject.
eBook
Europe at the seaside
Mass tourism is one of the most striking developments in postwar western societies, involving economic, social, cultural, and anthropological factors. For many countries it has become a significant, if not the primary, source of income for the resident population. The Mediterranean basin, which has long been a very popular destination, is explored here in the first study to scrutinize the region as a whole and over a long period of time. In particular, it investigates the area’s economic and social networks directly involved in tourism, which includes examining the most popular spots that attract tourists and the crucial actors, such as hotel entrepreneurs, travel agencies, charter companies, and companies developing seaside resort networks. This important volume presents a fascinating picture of the economics of tourism in one of the world’s most visited destinations.
eBook
The influence of novelty, flexibility, and synergy of package tours on tourist satisfaction: an analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM)
This study utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the positive effects of novelty, flexibility, and synergy of package tours on tourist satisfaction in the Taiwanese package tour industry. Although prior research pays much attention to discuss package tours, none explores the positive effects of the novelty, flexibility, and synergy of package tours on tourist satisfaction in the package tour industry. In order to fill this research gap, this study proposes three novel constructs—novelty, flexibility, and synergy of package tours—to explore their positive effects on tourist satisfaction in the Taiwanese package tour industry. The results of this study show that novelty, flexibility, and synergy of package tours positively affect tourist satisfaction. Therefore, tour operators can enhance the novelty, flexibility, and synergy of their package tours to enhance tourist satisfaction. Furthermore, this study suggests that Taiwanese tour operators should change their business models to adopt dynamic packaging entirely, because novelty, flexibility, and synergy of dynamic packaging are better than those of traditional package tours.
Journal Article
Relationships among Experience Economy, Tour Quality, Tour Satisfaction, and Word-of-Mouth in the Senior Tourism Context in Korea: The Moderating Role of Tour Guiding Services
The senior tourist market is growing, because the number of elderly people is increasing in Korea. It is widely accepted that experience in travel is more important than any other factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the importance of the experience economy and its impact on outcome variables with the moderating role of tour guiding services in the senior tourism industry. This study more specifically proposed that there is a positive relationship between the four dimensions of the experience economy, which include education, entertainment, aesthetics, and escapism, and tour quality. In addition, it was proposed that tour quality has a positive influence on tour satisfaction and word-of-mouth. Lastly, this study investigated the moderating role of a tour guide service in the relationship between the experience economy and tour quality. The data were collected from 323 seniors who had experienced an overseas package tour in Korea. In order to test the proposed model, this study employed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis. The data analysis results indicated that entertainment and aesthetics play a significant role in the formation of tour quality. The results of the data analysis also showed that tour quality has a positive influence on tour satisfaction, which in turn positively affects word-of-mouth. Furthermore, a tour guide service moderated the relationship between aesthetics and tour quality.
Journal Article
Entropy-Based Transit Tour Synthesis Using Fuzzy Logic
This paper presents an entropy-based transit tour synthesis (TTS) using fuzzy logic (FL) based on entropy maximization (EM). The objective is to obtain the most probable transit (bus) tour flow distribution in the network based on traffic counts. These models consider fixed parameters and constraints. The costs, traffic counts, and demand for buses vary depending on different aspects (e.g., congestion), which are not captured in detail in the models. Then, as the FL can be included in modeling that variability, it allows obtaining solutions where some or all the constraints do not entirely satisfy their expected value, but are close to it, due to the flexibility this method provides to the model. This optimization problem was transformed into a bi-objective problem when the optimization variables were the membership and entropy. The performance of the proposed formulation was assessed in the Sioux Falls Network. We created an indicator (Δ) that measures the distance between the model’s obtained solution and the requested value or target value. It was calculated for both production and volume constraints. The indicator allowed us to observe that the flexible problem (FL Mode) had smaller Δ values than the ones obtained in the No FL models. These results prove that the inclusion of the FL and EM approaches to estimate bus tour flow, applying the synthesis method (traffic counts), improves the quality of the tour estimation.
Journal Article
THE ATTRACTIONS OF GUAR KEPAH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, PENANG, MALAYSIA AS AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE TOURISM SITE
The Guar Kepah archaeological site in Penang, Malaysia, has been the focus of archaeological re search since 1860, revealing important insights into the prehistoric maritime community that inhabited the area approximately 5,000 years ago. Excavations at the site have revealed human skeletons, teeth, stone tools, and pottery, providing evidence of the community's burial traditions and material culture. The primary data collected from these excavations has facilitated the development of the site's tourism sector, with plans underway to establish the Guar Kepah Archaeological Center (GKAC). This study emphasises the importance of utilising primary data to create compelling narratives that contribute to the development of archaeological heritage tour packages. The Guar Kepah site serves as a case study for the development of archaeotourism, highlighting the need for a balance between site preservation and providing authentic experience to cultural tourists. The findings from this site have the potential to shed light on human relations with aquatic habitats, the importance of the mari ne environment in human evolution and ecology, island colonisation, and the establishment of maritime trade networks. The development of the Guar Kepah site as an archaeological heritage tourism location in northern Peninsular Malaysia demonstrates the commitment of the government and stakeholders to promoting sustainable heritage tourism in the region.
Journal Article
Factors Determining ROPO Behaviors of Travel Agencies Customers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Tourist decision-making has been heavily affected by the pandemic crisis, which increases the complexity of the tourism business operations and shakes the foundations of tourism sustainable development. Thus, studying and comprehension of tourists’ behaviors, including the purchasing decisions, and incorporating this knowledge into the strategies of tourism companies, has a key importance to the organizations’ survival during hard times. The article contains the characteristics of tourist behavior schemes related to decision-making in buying package holidays during COVID-19 crisis. The study was based on analysis of the results of a computer assisted web interview using the CAWI method, conducted among 1502 Poles using the classification tree method (the R statistical package and the RPART library). Research allowed us to identify the four purchase decision-making patterns and to describe four segments of holidaymakers’ buying according to these patterns. In the profiling process, nine demographic and social variables were used, including gender, age, education, residence, marital status, number of all household members, minor children in a household, assessment of own financial standing, and professional situation. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of a relationship between (1) the research online purchase offline behavior and the age, the number of children under 18 in the household, and the marital status of the package holidays buyers, (2) the research offline purchase online behavior and the age and the number of children up to 18 in the households of the buyers of tourist packages, (3) the research offline purchase offline behavior and the age, the number of children under 18 in the household, the assessment of the financial situation, and sex of the buyers of tourist packages, and (4) the research offline purchase online behavior and the age and assessment of financial situation of package holidays purchasers.
Journal Article
The influence of zero-fare tours on the host–guest understanding
PurposeThe aim of this study is to explore the host–guest relationship at a macro level, investigating the sociopsychological relationship between a destination and its markets.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted netnography to fulfill the research purpose. Data were collected from Sina Microblog, the predominant social media platform in China, focused on bloggers responses to a fatal conflict between a tour participant and the guide during a shopping tour.FindingsBloggers' attributional discussions help to understand the nature of the host–guest relations. Responses from Chinese and Hong Kong bloggers showcased criticism toward the other community and criticism of one's own community. These were reflected in three themes: concerns with the place of conflict or the identities of the perpetrators, hospitableness or discrimination and the Chinese and Hong Kong cultures.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation is that the subject of this study (young bloggers) does not represent a complete cross section of the residents of China and Hong Kong. This study suggests a need for a broader theoretical perspective of the host–guest encounter. The study results have practical implications for destinations receiving Chinese group package tours.Practical implicationsThe study results have practical implications for destinations receiving Chinese group package tours.Originality/valueOn-site interaction has been the focus of previous studies of the host–guest relationship, and off-site interactions were seldom explored. This study bridges the gap and extends the discourse on the host–guest relationship to a wider temporal (by taking a post event view) and spatial (by assessing the issue off-site) scale.
Journal Article