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Pain : a very short introduction
In this 'Very Short Introduction', Rob Boddice explores the history, culture, and medical science of pain. Charting the shifting meanings of pain across time and place, he focusses on how the experience and treatment of pain have changed. He describes historical hierarchies of pain experience that related pain to social class and race, and the privileging of human states of pain over that of other animals. From the pain concepts of classical antiquity to expressions of pain in contemporary art, and modern medical approaches to the understanding, treatment, and management of pain, Boddice weaves a multifaceted account of this central human experience. Ranging from neuroscientific innovations in experimental medicine to the constructionist arguments of social scientists, pain is shown to resist a timeless definition. Pain is physical and emotional, of body and mind, and is always experienced subjectively and contextually.-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
All in your head
Although pain is a universal human experience, many view the pain of others as private, resistant to language, and, therefore, essentially unknowable. And, yet, despite the obvious limits to comprehending another's internal state, language is all that we have to translate pain from the solitary and unknowable to a phenomenon richly described in literature, medicine, and everyday life. Without denying the private dimensions of pain,All in Your Headoffers an entirely fresh perspective that considers how pain may be configured, managed, explained, and even experienced in deeply relational ways.Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a pediatric pain clinic in California, Mara Buchbinder explores how clinicians, adolescent patients, and their families make sense of puzzling symptoms and work to alleviate pain. Through careful attention to the language of pain-including narratives, conversations, models, and metaphors-and detailed analysis of how young pain sufferers make meaning through interactions with others, her book reveals that however private pain may be, making sense of it is profoundly social.
eBook
Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions
Many clinical practice guidelines recommend similar approaches for the assessment and management of low back pain. Recommendations include use of a biopsychosocial framework to guide management with initial non-pharmacological treatment, including education that supports self-management and resumption of normal activities and exercise, and psychological programmes for those with persistent symptoms. Guidelines recommend prudent use of medication, imaging, and surgery. The recommendations are based on trials almost exclusively from high-income countries, focused mainly on treatments rather than on prevention, with limited data for cost-effectiveness. However, globally, gaps between evidence and practice exist, with limited use of recommended first-line treatments and inappropriately high use of imaging, rest, opioids, spinal injections, and surgery. Doing more of the same will not reduce back-related disability or its long-term consequences. The advances with the greatest potential are arguably those that align practice with the evidence, reduce the focus on spinal abnormalities, and ensure promotion of activity and function, including work participation. We have identified effective, promising, or emerging solutions that could offer new directions, but that need greater attention and further research to determine if they are appropriate for large-scale implementation. These potential solutions include focused strategies to implement best practice, the redesign of clinical pathways, integrated health and occupational interventions to reduce work disability, changes in compensation and disability claims policies, and public health and prevention strategies.
Journal Article
You wouldn't want to live without pain
\"Describes what life would be like without pain.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain
Neck pain imposes a considerable personal and socioeconomic burden—it is one of the top five chronic pain conditions in terms of prevalence and years lost to disability—yet it receives a fraction of the research funding given to low back pain. Although most acute episodes resolve spontaneously, more than a third of affected people still have low grade symptoms or recurrences more than one year later, with genetics and psychosocial factors being risk factors for persistence. Nearly half of people with chronic neck pain have mixed neuropathic-nociceptive symptoms or predominantly neuropathic symptoms. Few clinical trials are dedicated solely to neck pain. Muscle relaxants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective for acute neck pain, and clinical practice is mostly guided by the results of studies performed for other chronic pain conditions. Among complementary and alternative treatments, the strongest evidence is for exercise, with weaker evidence supporting massage, acupuncture, yoga, and spinal manipulation in different contexts. For cervical radiculopathy and facet arthropathy, weak evidence supports epidural steroid injections and radiofrequency denervation, respectively. Surgery is more effective than conservative treatment in the short term but not in the long term for most of these patients, and clinical observation is a reasonable strategy before surgery.
Journal Article
Innovations in acute and chronic pain biomarkers: enhancing diagnosis and personalized therapy
Pain affects millions worldwide, posing significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Despite advances in understanding pain mechanisms, there remains a critical need for validated biomarkers to enhance diagnosis, prognostication, and personalized therapy. This review synthesizes recent advancements in identifying and validating acute and chronic pain biomarkers, including imaging, molecular, sensory, and neurophysiological approaches. We emphasize the emergence of composite, multimodal strategies that integrate psychosocial factors to improve the precision and applicability of biomarkers in chronic pain management. Neuroimaging techniques like MRI and positron emission tomography provide insights into structural and functional abnormalities related to pain, while electrophysiological methods like electroencepholography and magnetoencepholography assess dysfunctional processing in the pain neuroaxis. Molecular biomarkers, including cytokines, proteomics, and metabolites, offer diagnostic and prognostic potential, though extensive validation is needed. Integrating these biomarkers with psychosocial factors into clinical practice can revolutionize pain management by enabling personalized treatment strategies, improving patient outcomes, and potentially reducing healthcare costs. Future directions include the development of composite biomarker signatures, advances in artificial intelligence, and biomarker signature integration into clinical decision support systems. Rigorous validation and standardization efforts are also necessary to ensure these biomarkers are clinically useful. Large-scale collaborative research will be vital to driving progress in this field and implementing these biomarkers in clinical practice. This comprehensive review highlights the potential of biomarkers to transform acute and chronic pain management, offering hope for improved diagnosis, treatment personalization, and patient outcomes.
Journal Article
When your child hurts : effective strategies to increase comfort, reduce stress, and break the cycle of chronic pain
\"Parents of a child in pain want nothing more than to offer immediate comfort. But a child with chronic or recurring pain requires much more. His or her parents need skills and strategies not only for increasing comfort but also for helping their child deal with an array of pain-related challenges, such as school disruption, sleep disturbance, and difficulties with peers. This essential guide, written by an expert in pediatric pain management, is the practical, accessible, and comprehensive resource that families and caregivers have been awaiting. It offers in-the-moment strategies for managing a child's pain along with expert advice for fostering long-term comfort\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Bone Pain in Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Current Treatment
The skeletal system is the third most common site for cancer metastases, surpassed only by the lungs and liver. Many tumors, especially those of the breast, prostate, lungs, and kidneys, have a strong predilection to metastasize to bone, which causes pain, hypercalcemia, pathological skeletal fractures, compression of the spinal cord or other nervous structures, decreased mobility, and increased mortality. Metastatic cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a type of chronic pain with unique and complex pathophysiology characterized by nociceptive and neuropathic components. Its treatment should be multimodal (pharmacological and non-pharmacological), including causal anticancer and symptomatic analgesic treatment to improve quality of life (QoL). The aim of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms involved in the occurrence and persistence of cancer-associated bone pain and to review the treatment methods recommended by experts in clinical practice. The final part of the paper reviews experimental therapeutic methods that are currently being studied and that may improve the efficacy of bone pain treatment in cancer patients in the future.
Journal Article