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5,472 result(s) for "Paleobotany"
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ENDOBEUTHOS PALEOSUM IN 99-MILLION-YEAR-OLD AMBER DOES NOT BELONG TO THE PROTEACEAE
Species in the family Proteaceae are almost invariably tetramerous with the stamen adnate to a tepal. Andromonoecious inflorescences bearing many male flowers composed of a single (spathuloid) stamen and a female flower with a pubescent stigma, as described in Endobeuthos paleosum, are unknown. We suggest that the specimen is a bisexual flower with scores of stamens surrounding a single stigma-style. Further, the specimen is too old to fit with current understanding of the migratory history of the Proteaceae. Las especies de la familia Proteaceae son casi invariablemente tetrámeras con el estambre adosado a un tépalo. No se conocen inflorescencias andromonoicas con muchas flores masculinas compuestas de un solo estambre (espatuloide) y una flor femenina con un estigma pubescente, como en Endobeuthos paleosum. Sugerimos que el espécimen es una flor bisexual con decenas de estambres que rodean un único estigma. Además, el espécimen es demasiado antiguo para encajar con los conocimientos actuales de la historia migratoria de las Proteaceae.
REINTERPRETATION OF THE MID-CRETACEOUS FOSSIL FLOWER ENDOBEUTHOS PALEOSUM AS A CAPITULAR, UNISEXUAL INFLORESCENCE OF PROTEACEAE
The Myanmar amber fossil Endobeuthos paleosum was originally described as composed of an individual flower with a calyx of numerous, helically arranged sepals, a whorl of petals, and 60+ stamens each bearing a single bisporangiate anther. The 6 flowers, embedded together in a single block of amber, were described as varying in their calyx pubescence and length of corolla segments. The numerous stamens, with their single anther, led to a hypothesized relationship with certain members of family Dilleniaceae. We now propose a complete reinterpretation of this fossil as being an involucrate capitulum of family Proteaceae, in which the numerous \"stamens\" are identified instead as staminate flowers, although of reduced and highly modified morphology. Organs previously called the calyx and corolla are instead a series of helically-arranged bracts that surround the tight cluster of flowers. The Proteaceae being a diverse and significant element in Southern Hemisphere floras, the reinterpretation of Endobeuthos is important in providing the first Cretaceous fossil flower identified for the family, dated at some 20 my younger than the proposed Proteaceae crown group age of 119 Mya. El fósil de ámbar de Myanmar Endobeuthos paleosum se describió originalmente como compuesto por una flor individual con un cáliz de numerosos sépalos dispuestos helicoidalmente, un verticilo de pétalos y más de 60 estambres, cada uno con una única antera bisporangiada. Las 6 flores, incrustadas juntas en un único bloque de ámbar, se describieron como variables en cuanto a la pubescencia del cáliz y la longitud de los segmentos de la corola. Los numerosos estambres, con su única antera, llevaron a hipotetizar una relación con ciertos miembros de la familia Dilleniaceae. Ahora proponemos una reinterpretación completa de este fósil como un capítulo involucrado de la familia Proteaceae, en el que los numerosos \"estambres\" se identifican en cambio como flores estaminadas, aunque de morfología reducida y muy modificada. Los órganos anteriormente denominados cáliz y corola son en cambio una serie de brácteas dispuestas helicoidalmente que rodean el apretado racimo de flores. Siendo las Proteáceas un elemento diverso y significativo en las floras del Hemisferio Sur, la reinterpretación de Endobeuthos es importante al proporcionar la primera flor fósil del Cretácico identificada para la familia, datada en unos 20 my más joven que la edad propuesta para el grupo de la corona de las Proteáceas de 119 Mya.
VALVILOCULUS PLERISTAMINIS GEN. ET SP. NOV., A LAURALEAN FOSSIL FLOWER WITH VALVATE ANTHERS FROM MID-CRETACEOUS MYANMAR AMBER
The flower described here as Valviloculus pleristaminis, a new genus and species of fossil angiosperms, was obtained from Myanmar amber deposits dating to the mid-Cretaceous period. The flower is staminate, with an ovoid, hollow floral cup. The perianth consists of 6 tepals, one of which was lost prior to preservation. Numerous helically arranged stamens are borne at the summit of the flower. The anthers are bilocular, with pollen sacs that dehisce by laterally hinged valves. The tip of the connective bears a cup-shaped appendage. The gynoecium is represented only by a cluster of vestigial styles centered among the stamens. The fossil is provisionally assigned to order Laurales, its closest affinities being with the families Monimiaceae and Atherospermataceae. La flor descrita aquí como Valviloculus pleristaminis, un nuevo género y especie de angiospermas fósiles, se obtuvo de depósitos de ámbar de Myanmar que datan del Cretácico medio. La flor es estaminada, con una copa floral ovoide, hueca. El perianto consiste en 6 tépalos, uno de los cuales se perdió antes de la conservación. Numerosos estambres dispuestos helicoidalmente nacen en el extremo de la flor. Las anteras son biloculares, con sacos polínicos dehiscentes por valvas unidas lateralmente. El extremo del conectivo lleva un apéndice acopado. El gineceo está representado solo por un grupo de estilos vestigiales centrados entre los estambres. El fósil se asigna provisionalmente al orden Laurales, sus afinidades más cercanas son con las familias Monimiaceae y Atherospermataceae.
Plants and the K-T boundary
In this text, two of the world's leading experts in palynology and paleobotany provide a comprehensive account of the fate of land plants during the 'great extinction' about 65 million years ago. They describe how the time boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene Periods (the K-T boundary) is recognised in the geological record, and how fossil plants can be used to understand global events of that time. There are case studies from over 100 localities around the world, including North America, China, Russia and New Zealand. The book concludes with an evaluation of possible causes of the K-T boundary event and its effects on floras of the past and present. This book is written for researchers and students in paleontology, botany, geology and Earth history, and everyone who has been following the course of the extinction debate and the K-T boundary paradigm shift.
TROPIDOGYNE EUTHYSTYLA SP. NOV., A NEW SMALL-FLOWERED ADDITION TO THE GENUS FROM MID-CRETACEOUS MYANMAR AMBER
Tropidogyne euthystyla, described here, is the fourth species of this fossil genus to have been reported from amber deposits in northern Myanmar. The species are alike in features of the calyx, the shape and venation of the inferior ovary, and the absence of petals. They differ in the number and form of the styles, the lobing of the epigynous disc, and whether the flowers are apparently bisexual or unisexual. In the one species for which several flowers are available for study, T. pentaptera, floral diameters vary from 3.5 to 5.0 mm. The present species, known only from a single flower, is the smallest in the genus, with a floral diameter of only 2 mm. It differs from the 3 previously described species in having 2 stout, erect styles bearing a terminal stigma, whereas the other species have 2 or 3 short or long, arching styles that are decurrently stigmatic along the adaxial surface. Tropidogyne euthystyla, que se describe aquí, es la cuarta especie de este género fósil que ha sido reportada de depósitos de ámbar en el norte de Myanmar. Las especies son similares en las características del cáliz, la forma y venación del ovario ínfero, y la ausencia de pétalos. Difieren en el número y la forma de los estilos, la lobulación del disco epigino, tanto si las flores son aparentemente bisexuales o unisexuales. En la única especie para la que hay varias flores disponibles para su estudio, T. pentaptera, los diámetros florales varían de 3,5 a 5,0 mm. La especie actual, conocida sólo a partir de una sola flor, es la más pequeña del género, con un diámetro floral de sólo 2 mm. Se diferencia de las 3 especies descritas anteriormente por tener 2 estilos robustos y erectos que llevan un estigma terminal, mientras que las otras especies tienen 2 o 3 estilos cortos o largos, arqueados que son estigmáticos decurrentemente a lo largo de la superficie adaxial.
SALPINGANTHIUM HISPANIOLANUM GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FABACEAE: DETARIEAE), A MID-TERTIARY FLOWER IN DOMINICAN AMBER
Salpinganthium hispaniolanum gen. et sp. nov. is described as a new fossil legume from mid-Tertiary forests of Hispaniola. Arborescent legumes of tribe Detarieae previously described from these forests include Hymenaea protera and Prioria dominicana. Flowers of the new genus and species have a bilaterally symmetrical corolla of five petals, 10 free stamens, an elongate, cylindrical hypanthium, and one or two persistent sepals, the others perhaps being deciduous. The petals are of three markedly different shapes. The pistil is exserted from the hypanthium and is densely hirsute. The bracteoles, sepals, and petals are gland-dotted, as is appropriate for members of the resin-producing Detarieae of subfamily Detarioideae. Salpinganthium hispaniolanum gen. et sp. nov. se describe como una nueva leguminosa fosil de los bosques del Terciario medio de Hispaniola. Las leguminosas arborescentes de la tribu Detarieae descritas anteriormente en estos bosques incluyen Hymenaea protera y Prioria dominicana. Las flores del nuevo genero y especie tienen una corola simetrica bilateralmente de cinco petalos, 10 estambres libres, un hipanto alargado y cilindrico y uno o dos sepalos persistentes, los otros quizas caducifolios. Los petalos tienen tres formas marcadamente diferentes. El pistilo se extrae del hipanto y es densamente hirsuto. Las bracteas, sepalos y petalos estan salpicados de glandulas, como es propio de de los miembros de las Detarieae productoras de resina de la subfamilia Detarioideae.