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"Paleontology Miscellanea."
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My beloved Brontosaurus : on the road with old bones, new science, and our favorite dinosaurs
Brian Switek investigates the tension between dinosaurs as scientific objects and pop-culture icons as he introduces us to the latest theories in paleontology.
Book
The Lying Stones of Dr. Johann Bartholomew Adam Beringer
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1963.
eBook
A captorhinid-dominated assemblage from the palaeoequatorial Permian of Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean)
Moradisaurine captorhinid eureptiles were a successful group of high-fibre herbivores that lived in the arid low latitudes of Pangaea during the Permian. Here we describe a palaeoassemblage from the Permian of Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), consisting of ichnites of small captorhinomorph eureptiles, probably moradisaurines (Hyloidichnus), and parareptiles (cf. Erpetopus), and bones of two different taxa of moradisaurines. The smallest of the two is not diagnostic beyond Moradisaurinae incertae sedis. The largest one, on the other hand, shows characters that are not present in any other known species of moradisaurine (densely ornamented maxillar teeth), and it is therefore described as Balearosaurus bombardensis gen. et sp. nov. Other remains found in the same outcrop are identified as cf. Balearosaurus bombardensis gen. et sp. nov., as they could also belong to the newly described taxon. This species is sister to the moradisaurine from the lower Permian of the neighbouring island of Mallorca, and is also closely related to the North American genus Rothianiscus. This makes it possible to suggest the hypothesis that the Variscan mountains, which separated North America from southern Europe during the Permian, were not a very important palaeobiogeographical barrier to the dispersion of moradisaurines. In fact, mapping all moradisaurine occurrences known so far, it is shown that their distribution area encompassed both sides of the Variscan mountains, essentially being restricted to the arid belt of palaeoequatorial Pangaea, where they probably outcompeted other herbivorous clades until they died out in the late Permian.
Journal Article
Prehistoric life
Provides 100 facts about prehistoric life, including fossils, extinction, and the appearance of human ancestors.
Book
Ecostratigraphic implications of a Late Palaeocene shallow-marine benthic community from the Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, NE India
Moderately preserved shallow-marine extinct, fossil benthic community has been recovered from a sub-surface Late Palaeocene limestone cave section near Lumshnong in the Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, NE India. The present contribution focuses on the ecostratigraphic implications of the carbonate microbiofacies based on the evaluated facies gradients. Precise field assessments and microscopic observations led to the identification of three microbiofacies: benthic foraminiferal–algal grainstone, coralline algal framestone and oolitic grainstone–packstone. The microbiofacies distinguished in the study suggest a general shallowing-upward trend from an inner shelf setting to a lagoonal–shoal environment depicting the distinct changes in the benthic community. Presence of coralline alga
Distichoplax biserialis
and benthic foraminifera
Idalina sinjarica
,
Daviesina khatiyahi
,
Miscellanea primitiva, Rotalia trochidiformis
and
Vania anatolica
assign the studied carbonates to Early Thanetian (SBZ 3) corresponding to the lower part of the Lakadong Limestone. In this study, ecostratigraphy has facilitated the classification of a single carbonate section corresponding to a solitary shallow benthic zone into multiple microbiofacies attributed to variable environmental depositional conditions. This clearly demonstrates its potential in improving the applicability of biostratigraphy worldwide.
Journal Article
Zhangwuia: an enigmatic organ with a bennettitalean appearance and enclosed ovules
The feature distinguishing typical angiosperms from gymnosperms is that their ovules are enclosed before pollination. Bennettitales were formerly related to angiosperms because of the flower-like organisation of the former's reproductive organs. There is little information on how the naked ovules of Bennettitales became enclosed in angiosperms because fossil evidence for such a transition, if it exists, has not been described. Here, we report a reproductive organ, Zhangwuia gen. nov., from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Like many Bennettitales, the arrangement of the foliar parts around the female part in Zhangwuia demonstrates a resemblance to typical angiosperm flowers. It is noteworthy that the ovule is secluded from the exterior space in Zhangwuia, therefore implying the existence of angio-ovuly. Although Bennettitales have been related to angiosperms for more than a hundred years, their way of ovule-enclosing was not previously revealed. The discovery of Zhangwuia prompts a rethinking of the relationship between Bennettitales and angiosperms, as well as of the origin of angiosperms.
Journal Article
Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Dungan Formation, Harnai area, western Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt, Pakistan
The Indian Plate started colliding with the Afghan Block (Eurasian Plate) along its northwestern margin at 65 Ma (Searle et al., 1987; Dewey et al., 1989; Le Pichon et al., 1992; Beck et al., 1995; Rowley, 1996). Since the Palaeocene time, uplift and compression has been episodic, nonetheless, the main phase of deformation and uplift is of Miocene-Pleistocene age and is related to the final collision of the western margin of the Indian Plate with the Afghan Block along the Chaman Fault (Mohadjer et al., 2010; Furuya and Satyabal, 2008). Active tectonic deformation of the western Indian plate boundary: A case study from the Chaman Fault System. Contrasting Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene lithostratigraphic successions across the Bibai Thrust, western Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt, Pakistan: Their significance in deciphering the early-collisional history of the NW Indian Plate margin. Foraminiferal description and biostratigraphy of the Paleocene-Lower Eocene shallow-water limestones and discussion on the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Turkey.
Journal Article
Status of the UCMP microfossil collection and reference list of its primary types
The microfossil collection in the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) in Berkeley is among the world’s largest. Its current holdings exceed 200,000 slides, 15,000 bulk samples, and two million washed residues. The UCMP database currently includes 10,191 type specimens of which 2,398 are primary types representing 10 microfossil groups. Although Cretaceous and Tertiary foraminifera from California and the south-central United States dominate the collection, it components are from all continents and oceans, range in age from Precambrian to Recent, and include specimens representing all 11 of the primary microfossil groups: foraminifera, ostracodes, calcareous nannoplankton, radiolarians, diatoms, silicoflagellates, conodonts, acritarchs, chitinozoans, dinocysts, and sporopollen. Also represented are chrysomonads, prasinophycean and coralline algae, ebriidians, and microplankton incertae sedis. The collection is dominated by the largest slide collection of fossil foraminifera from the West Coast of North America. Notable acquisitions in the past 25 years are the Loeblich and Tappan (UCLA) and Stanford University (LSJU) collections, and those donated by the regional divisions of Arco and Texaco. Adoption of these and other “orphaned” collections by the UCMP ensures their preservation and convenient accessibility for future study.
The UCMP collection spans the history of micropaleontology on the West Coast of the United States, which began at the end of the 19th Century with studies by non-local paleontologists. In early 1920s, when the oil industry realized the value of microfossils in subsurface correlation, micropaleontology blossomed in California (as well as Texas) as a career-worthy discipline and slide collections soon sprouted out of the necessity to archive data and to create taxonomic reference sets.
The core of the UCMP collection comprises its native component and the adopted UCLA and LSJU collections, and accounts for the more than 50,000 slides, including more than 10,000 primary and secondary types. Approximately 40,000 of those slides, including all of the types, have been entered into the UCMP digital database, which is publically accessible online. The other 10,000 are UCLA glass slides (mostly of Paleozoic palynomorphs) that are currently being processed. There is an additional backlog of another 79,000 slides representing 19 collections from individual micropaleontologists and more than two million slides and sample residues from the West Coast divisions of Arco and Texaco. Although some progress has been made on those, it will be many years before their curation and database entry approaches completion.
Journal Article
New insights into Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott 1956 and Bacinella irregularis Radoičić 1959 (Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous): two ulvophycean green algae (?Order Ulotrichales) with a heteromorphic life cycle (epilithic/euendolithic)
The Late Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous microorganisms incertae sedis
Lithocodium aggregatum
Elliott and
Bacinella irregularis
Radoičić are taxonomically studied based on material from the Lower Aptian of the western Maestrat Basin (Spain). This study is supplemented with detailed photographs from Elliot’s type-material. Given that the original description of
Lithocodium aggregatum
is ambiguous, a detail from the holotype is chosen as an epitype to serve as an interpretative type (article 9.7 ICBN).
Lithocodium
is re-interpreted as a filamentous-septate heterotrichale ulvophycean alga (?order Ulotrichales) exhibiting a heteromorphic life cycle consisting of two phases: an epilithic gametophytic and a euendolithic sporophytic (
Gomontia
stage).
Bacinella irregularis
is interpreted and redescribed as a purely euendolithic ulvophycean alga which bores into either
Lithocodium
aggregatum
or the substrate below
Lithocodium
crusts. A small microendolith boring into
Lithocodium
crusts capable of cryptobiotically stretching within its filamentous network is tentatively assigned to the siphonal chlorophyte
Ostreobium
Bornet and Flahault. Another associated microfilamentous boring chlorophyte with characteristic long thin hairs (setae) is described as
Phaeophila
? sp. The euendolithic community comprises a variety of micro- and macroborings that affect the thalli of
Lithocodium
. Finally, the filaments of the outer zone of the
Lithocodium
crust are infested by calcimicrobes (cyanobacteria, ?fungi). The description made by Elliott in his original work of the “inner layer” of
Lithocodium
aggregatum
as “confused” is explained here as a complex multitaxon chlorophyte-calcimicrobial assemblage overprinted by multiple bioerosion ichnofabrics.
Journal Article