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\"The Pantheon is one of the most important architectural monuments of all time. Thought to have been built by Emperor Hadrian in approximately AD 125 on the site of an earlier, Agrippan-era monument, it brilliantly displays the spatial pyrotechnics emblematic of Roman architecture and engineering. The Pantheon gives an up-to-date account of recent research on the best preserved building in the corpus of ancient Roman architecture from the time of its construction to the twenty-first century. Each chapter addresses a specific fundamental issue or period pertaining to the building; together, the essays in this volume shed light on all aspects of the Pantheon's creation, and establish the importance of the history of the building to an understanding of its ancient fabric and heritage, its present state, and its special role in the survival and evolution of ancient architecture in modern Rome\"-- Provided by publisher.

This article proposes a reflection about the work of construction of “pantheons” and the practices of eternalization of “figures” through the examination of two publications that are configured in “notable galleries”. We analyzed Academic Profiles and Popular Culture Profiles taking into consideration: (i) the social and political position of the agents (biographers and biographiers), defined by the resources on which their “reputation” and their inscriptions are based on cultural and political struggles; (ii) the structuring strategies of the works, observing the selection and hierarchization of the cases, available space, assigned classifications, among others; (iii) and the contents, adjectives, definitions, finally, the representations explained in the pre-texts and laudatory texts. Thereby, the conditioning factors of affirmation, the logics of action and mechanisms of consecration mobilized by agents who constitute as authorized spokespersons are learned, as well as the multiple patterns of notabilization of “interpreters” of the culture and the regional memory in and of Maranhão.

Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) consists of artificial computer-generated environments allowing a user to perceive the sensation of being present and interact in an ambience that convincingly replaces the physical world. When travel is restricted, such visualization power can be shared globally as an essential remote teaching tool for educational institutions through the Internet. The current advancements in IVR technology and their ubiquitous availability at affordable costs present a conducive environment for teaching and learning in both in-person and remote settings. The research presented in this paper explores the use of IVR technologies for teaching architectural history and presents tangible student learning outcomes. Specifically, the Pantheon in Rome was used as a representative test case for evaluating the effectiveness of IVR as a medium for remote teaching. Unlike Augmented Reality (AR), where virtual information is overlaid on physical real-world objects, this research focuses on IVR implementation and its effectiveness as a history teaching medium from exploring: (1) the nature of VR, (2) how IVR can be used online for teaching history, (3) the representation of IVR for presenting history, and (4) issues of learning outcomes. Two assessments with 57 and 68 students were separately conducted and five independent variables of: (1) learning about architecture, (2) history, (3) sense of presence in VR, (4) structural realism, and (5) comparison to in-class learning were evaluated using scores. Studies revealed that the intricate architectural details combined with high-resolution imagery and audio narrations for objects of historical interest in coordination with the user’s viewpoint within the IVR environment provided an excellent learning experience. The true past and the reality of history can be implemented in IVR through seeing objects and hearing historical data. Further, the use of IVR afforded the opportunity for students to accurately gauge, recognize, and appreciate the 3D aspects, size, and proportion of virtual spaces. The preparation of the Pantheon model, the development of an interactive IVR application, the design of the studies, the measurement of learning outcomes, and technological challenges are presented in this paper. Future exploration of new technologies to improve the representation of history by execution speed, which is the determining factor impacting realism of model and viewing experience, are also explained.

The recent test translation of Te Paipera Tapu (the Bible in the Māori language) has aroused considerable debate for its use in Genesis 1 of the names of atua Māori (Māori divine beings). These names of atua have been used instead of names of features of the natural world, which stands in contrast to the use of other kupu Māori (Māori words) in the earlier translation and its revisions. In this paper, I outline relevant members of the Māori pantheon and of some ancient Near Eastern pantheons, which are not identical. I then discuss the Hebrew text of Genesis 1 in its ancient literary context, making proposals about the use of the names of atua Māori in translations.

The standard formulation of general relativity fails to describe some recent interests in the universe. It impels us to go beyond the standard formulation of gravity. The f(Q) gravity theory is an interesting modified theory of gravity, where the gravitational interaction is driven by the nonmetricity Q. This study aims to examine the cosmological models with the presence of bulk viscosity effect in the cosmological fluid within the framework of f(Q) gravity. We construct three bulk viscous fluid models, i.e., (i) for the first model, we assuming the Lagrangian f(Q) as linear dependence on Q, (ii) for the second model the Lagrangian f(Q) as a polynomial functional form, and (iii) the Lagrangian f(Q) as a logarithmic dependence on Q. Furthermore, we use 57 points of Hubble data and 1048 Pantheon dataset to constrain the model parameters. Then, we discuss all the energy conditions for each model, which helps us to test the self-consistency of our models. Finally, we present the profiles of the equation of state parameters to test the models’ present status.

The present paper offers an analysis of certain Northern Mesopotamian demons attested on an Aramaic incantation bowl in square script. This object displays at its centre a list of evil entities drawn from a Mandaic forerunner, some of which are paralleled in the epigraphic corpus of Hatra and nearby sites. The analysis explores whether this may provide new evidence regarding the fate of Hatra’s inhabitants and cults in the aftermath of the fall of the city in 240/1 AD; the suggested scenario is that some Hatrenes could have been deported to Babylonia, where they encountered the Mandaean culture in its early phases and acquainted it with a part of their pantheon.

Abstract – The discovery of new fragments of the Mari god-list in 1998-2000 as well as new readings proposed by different scholars since its publication lead to a better understanding of the list. For example, it is argued that the section of the Nin-deities is organized according to the principle of a life cycle. This article also highlights the affiliation of Mari god-list with other Old Babylonian god-lists, which form a group whose organization dates back to the 3rd millennium: god-lists from Isin, Mari, and Uruk as well as others of unknown provenance are interconnected through their main organization as well as through thematic groups of deities based on, among others, the motif of weeping mothers or the seven children of Enmešara. Finally, this article proposes several new readings in these lists and also aims to clarify the function of some minor deities during the Old Babylonian period, such as NINniĝar, Ninsig, Ninpiriĝ or Ninkur(a), through the analysis of their place in the different lists.

Modern cosmology continues to struggle with unresolved questions concerning the origins of dark matter and dark energy. To explore these challenges, this study presents the Source Energy Field Theory (SEFT)—a new theoretical framework that offers an alternative view of how cosmic structures may form and evolve. SEFT envisions the universe as filled with a fundamental energy field, where the observed cosmological redshift does not result from accelerated expansion but rather emerges from the distance-dependent modulation of the energy field and the curvature produced by this field. To evaluate this idea, a nonlinear wave equation was developed to connect redshift with right ascension, declination, and distance. The model was optimized using 1701 observational data points from the Pantheon+ and SH0ES samples, which include Type Ia supernovae and Cepheid variables spanning distances from 6.3 to 17,241 Mpc. Its performance was compared with that of the standard ΛCDM model. SEFT achieved a slightly lower root-mean-square error (145.521 vs. 147.665 Mpc), a marginally higher determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9910 vs. 0.9908), and significantly improved information criteria values (ΔAIC = −41.753, ΔBIC = −19.997). These results provide robust statistical support for SEFT and suggest that it can complement—and potentially extend—the ΛCDM paradigm in describing the structure and evolution of the universe.

It has been theorized that dynamical dark energy (DDE) could be a possible solution to Hubble tension. To avoid degeneracy between Hubble parameter H0 and sound horizon scale rd, in this article, we use their multiplication as one parameter c/H0rd, and we use it to infer cosmological parameters for 6 models—ΛCDM and 5 DDE parametrizations—the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL), the Barboza–Alcaniz (BA), the low correlation (LC), the Jassal–Bagla–Padmanabhan (JBP) and the Feng–Shen–Li-Li models. We choose a dataset that treats this combination as one parameter, which includes the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data 0.11≤z≤2.40 and additional points from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) peaks (z≃1090). To them, we add the marginalized Pantheon dataset and GRB dataset. We see that the tension is moved from H0 and rd to c/H0rd and Ωm. There is only one model that satisfies the Planck 2018 constraints on both parameters, and this is LC with a huge error. The rest cannot fit into both constraints. ΛCDM is preferred, with respect to the statistical measures.