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The Unmarked Chains of Paper Clips
Paper Clips , a prize-winning 2004 Miramax documentary directed by Elliot Berlin and Joe Fab about a Holocaust collecting project that culminated in the Children’s Holocaust Memorial in Whitwell, Tennessee, strives to do necessary and well-intentioned memory work. However, it also illuminates culturally overdetermined forms of forgetting and self-fashioning that too often accompany Holocaust memorialization in white, Christian communities. Paper Clips exemplifies the ways in which Holocaust education can unwittingly foster competing victimization narratives between blacks and Jews, sanitize both European and U.S. history, and serve subtle but pernicious forms of supersessionism. This essay argues that ethically responsible Holocaust memorialization in the twenty-first century requires critical analysis of the specifically Christian and Jewish desires addressed by such a popular documentary.
Journal Article
Ex Ante versus Ex Post Justifications for Intellectual Property
The standard justification for intellectual property is ex ante: the goal of intellectual property is to influence behavior that occurs before the right comes into being. It is the prospect of the intellectual property right that spurs creative incentives. Of late, new justifications for intellectual property protection have begun to appear in the literature and in court decisions. These arguments focus not on the incentive to create new ideas, but on what happens to those ideas after they have been developed. I refer to these new arguments as ex post justifications for intellectual property because they defend intellectual property rights not on the basis of the incentives they give to create new works, but on the basis of the incentives they give to manage or control works that have already been created. I divide ex post justifications into two basic groups: arguments that intellectual property rights give the owner efficient incentives to do further work improving or developing an existing creation, and arguments that intellectual property rights control overuse of information. Neither argument strikes me as particularly persuasive. While the two arguments are somewhat different, both rely on a misleading appeal to a well-established but inapplicable principle, both depend on unproven (or sometimes disproven) empirical claims, and both are in the end strikingly antimarket arguments. In the final analysis, both arguments reflect a fundamental misunderstanding of the economics of private ordering.
Journal Article
Understanding by Design
Elementary teachers often avoid the struggle of matching a science activity to a specific standard by using a lesson planning process known as Understanding by Design (UBD) (Wiggins and McTighe 2005). A main tenet of the UBD model involves starting at the end rather than at the beginning of the planning process. By starting at the end and visiting \"Next Generation Science Standards\" (\"NGSS\") first, teachers know where they want their students' understanding to conclude upon lesson or unit completion. Specifically, what scientific concepts and knowledge based on their grade level is identified before trying to find a fun activity to do. This allows teachers to better guide the students through the lesson and ensures that the standard is being assessed. The paper describes the process that elementary school teachers should take to design science lesson(s) that focus on meeting specific \"NGSS\" in the lower grades using the UBD approach.
Journal Article
Kaleidoscopes and Mathematics: An Elegant Connection
Symmetry is used to create mathematically inspiring images in three-mirror kaleidoscopes. A project outlines how students can build their own kaleidoscopes having mathematically exact symmetric images.
Journal Article