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"Papermaking"
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How is paper made?
This book tracks papermaking from cutting down trees and making pulp with the wood to the final product we can use for writing.
Book
Application of surfactants in papermaking industry and future development trend of green surfactants
In this work, the application of chemical surfactants, including cooking aids, detergents, surface sizing agents, and deinking agents as core components, is introduced in the wet end of pulping and papermaking. This method for the combined application of enzymes and surfactants has expanded, promoting technological updates and improving the effect of surfactants in practical applications. Finally, the potential substitution of green surfactants for chemical surfactants is discussed. The source, classification, and natural functions of green surfactants are introduced, including plant extracts, biobased surfactants, fermentation products, and woody biomass. These green surfactants have advantages over their chemically synthesized counterparts, such as their low toxicity and biodegradability. This article reviews the latest developments in the application of surfactants in different paper industry processes and extends the methods of use. Additionally, the application potential of green surfactants in the field of papermaking is discussed.Key points• Surfactants as important chemical additives in papermaking process are reviewed.• Deinking technologies by combined of surfactants and enzymes are reviewed.• Applications of green surfactant in papermaking industry are prospected.
Journal Article
Modern papermaking : techniques in handmade paper, 13 projects
\"Papermaking is mesmerizing practice for a variety of visual arts fields. With a few tools and some practice, makers can craft an endless number of paper sheets. The papermaking techniques you will learn can also be used to create stand alone works of art to display, gift, and share\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Research measures on the production process technology of polyacrylamide
Polyacrylamide, as a water-soluble macromolecular polymer, has a wide range of applications in many industries, such as papermaking, biomanufacturing, oil drilling, water treatment, etc., and it plays a significant role in the progress of the social economy and the sustainable development of human beings. At present, with the continuous improvement of China’s social and economic level and the increasing advancement of science and technology, the demand for polyacrylamide products in various industries is showing an upward trend. Based on this, this article focuses on the technical research of the production process of polyacrylamide by reverseulsion method and explores its best reaction conditions and the influencing factors of flocculation performance, laying a theoretical foundation for the application of high molecular organic floccul.
Journal Article
The art of paper : from the Holy Land to the Americas
\"The untold story of how paper revolutionized art making during the Renaissance, exploring how it shaped broader concepts of authorship, memory, and the transmission of ideas over the course of three centuries. In the late medieval and Renaissance period, paper transformed society-not only through its role in the invention of print but also in the way it influenced artistic production. The Art of Paper tells the history of this medium in the context of the artist's workshop from the thirteenth century, when it was imported to Europe from Africa, to the sixteenth century, when European paper was exported to the colonies of New Spain. In this pathbreaking work, Caroline Fowler approaches the topic culturally rather than technically, deftly exploring the way paper shaped concepts of authorship, preservation, and the transmission of ideas during this period. This book both tells a transcultural history of paper from the Cairo Genizah to the Mesoamerican manuscript and examines how paper became \"Europeanized\" through the various mechanisms of the watermark, colonization, and the philosophy of John Locke. Ultimately, Fowler demonstrates how paper-as refuse and rags transformed into white surface-informed the works for which it was used, as well as artists' thinking more broadly, across the early modern world\"--Publisher.
Book
Application of scanning small-angle X-ray scattering in the identification of sheet formation techniques in historical papers
Among writing substrates produced historically in different regions of the world, paper is one of the most complex materials. Its complexity results not only from a variety of highly processed ingredients, which can be used in its production, but also from a variety of methods in which these materials are combined to form the fibrillar network referred to as paper. While material identification methods are well established in the analysis of historical papers, the identification of manufacturing technologies is still an under-researched topic, that requires the development of appropriate methods and measurement protocols. This paper reports on the results of a research project aimed at the application of synchrotron scanning small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method in the characterization of paper structure, with emphasis on the assessment of fibrillar orientation as a marker characteristic for different, historical papermaking technologies. The main objective of this study consists of the development of a measurement protocol involving the SAXS technique complemented by other analytical methods in the characterization of the fibrous paper structure.
Journal Article
Nell’officina tipografica di Tolomeo Ianiculo
From the works which Trissino published in 1529 we can deduce that the author was closely connected with the world of printing and publishing, taking part, either directly or indirectly, in all the different phases of book production, beginning with the manufacture of paper right through to the correction of proofs and the addition of marginalia to the printed copies. The contribution surveys the types of paper used in these editions and on the basis of the watermarks suggests more precise datings for editions which do not indicate the month of printing. The article also presents the findings of a collation of multiple copies of the Rime, which reveals how closely the author supervised the printing of the edition.
Journal Article
The pharaoh's treasure : the origin of paper and the rise of Western civilization
For our entire history, humans have always searched for new ways to share information. This innate compulsion led to the origin of writing on the rock walls of caves and coffin lids or carving on tablets. But it was with the advent of papyrus paper when the ability to record and transmit information exploded, allowing for an exchanging of ideas from the banks of the Nile throughout the Mediterranean--and the civilized world--for the first time in human history. In The Pharaoh's Treasure, John Gaudet looks at this pivotal transition to papyrus paper, which would become the most commonly used information medium in the world for more than 4,000 years. Far from fragile, papyrus paper is an especially durable writing surface; papyrus books and documents in ancient and medieval times had a usable life of hundreds of years, and this durability has allowed items like the famous Nag Hammadi codices from the third and fourth century to survive. The story of this material that was prized by both scholars and kings reveals how papyrus paper is more than a relic of our ancient past, but a key to understanding how ideas and information shaped humanity in the ancient and early modern world.
Book
Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Chitosan, Chitosan Blends and Their Nanocomposites for Various Advanced Applications
There has been much effort to provide eco-friendly and biodegradable materials for the next generation of composite products owing to global environmental concerns and increased awareness of renewable green resources. This review article uniquely highlights the use of green composites from natural fiber, particularly with regard to the development and characterization of chitosan, natural-fiber-reinforced chitosan biopolymer, chitosan blends, and chitosan nanocomposites. Natural fiber composites have a number of advantages such as durability, low cost, low weight, high specific strength, non-abrasiveness, equitably good mechanical properties, environmental friendliness, and biodegradability. Findings revealed that chitosan is a natural fiber that falls to the animal fiber category. As it has a biomaterial form, chitosan can be presented as hydrogels, sponges, film, and porous membrane. There are different processing methods in the preparation of chitosan composites such as solution and solvent casting, dipping and spray coating, freeze casting and drying, layer-by-layer preparation, and extrusion. It was also reported that the developed chitosan-based composites possess high thermal stability, as well as good chemical and physical properties. In these regards, chitosan-based “green” composites have wide applicability and potential in the industry of biomedicine, cosmetology, papermaking, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
Journal Article