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"Papiamentu Etymology."
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Origins of a Creole
This study embarks on the intriguing quest for the origins of the Caribbean creole language Papiamentu. In the literature on the issue, widely diverging hypotheses have been advanced, but scholars have not come close to a consensus. The present study casts new and long-lasting light on the issue, putting forward compelling interdisciplinary evidence that Papiamentu is genetically related to the Portuguese-based creoles of the Cape Verde Islands, Guinea-Bissau, and Casamance (Senegal). Following the trans-Atlantic transfer of native speakers to Curaçao in the latter half of the 17th century, the Portuguese-based proto-variety underwent a far-reaching process of relexification towards Spanish, affecting the basic vocabulary while leaving intact the original phonology, morphology, and syntax. Papiamentu is thus shown to constitute a case of 'language contact reduplicated' in that a creole underwent a second significant restructuring process (relexification). These explicit claims and their rigorous underpinning will set standards for both the study of Papiamentu and creole studies at large and will be received with great interest in the wider field of contact linguistics.
eBook
The Papiamento Preposition for di and the Verb fo in the Creoles of the Gulf of Guinea
The problem of the origin of Papiamento, a creole spoken on Curacao, Bonaire, & Aruba that reflects Ibero-Romance lexical input, is clarified by tracing the etymology of the preposition for di 'from, out of, since' & its variant foi. The Papiamento forms are equated with fo(lo) & similar forms functioning as preposition, adverb, & verb 'to come from' in the four Portuguese-lexified creoles of the Gulf of Guinea - Sao Tome, Angolar, Annobon, & Principe; although the key substrate languages of all five creoles have a single form that matches fo(lo), the Portuguese etymon fora de 'out, outside of' was extended to a verbal function in the Gulf of Guinea creoles only. 2 Tables. Adapted from the source document
Journal Article