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"Papua New Guinea Armed Forces History."
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Guarding the periphery : the Australian Army in Papua New Guinea, 1951-75
Based around the Pacific Islands Regiment, the Australian Army's units in Papua New Guinea had a dual identity: integral to Australia's defence, but also part of its largest colony, and viewed as a foreign people. The Australian Army in PNG defended Australia from threats to its north and west, while also managing the force's place within Australian colonial rule in PNG, occasionally resulting in a tense relationship with the Australian colonial government during a period of significant change. In Guarding the Periphery: The Australian Army in Papua New Guinea, 1951-75, Tristan Moss explores the operational, social and racial aspects of this unique force during the height of the colonial era in PNG and during the progression to independence. Combining the rich detail of both archival material and oral histories, Guarding the Periphery recounts a part of Australian military history that is often overlooked by studies of Australia's military past.
Book
No turning back : a memoir
Containing a unique account of AustraliaâÂÂs World War II engagement in the Pacific and illustrated by arresting photographs, this laconic memoir roves across the 20th century. A remarkable story of travel, adventure and heroism, Ted Fulton prospected for gold, became a patrol officer and served during World War II. Ultimately finding fulfilment in the rugged beauty of Papua New Guinea â of which he writes with moving insight â the recollections of Ted Fulton are a compelling tribute to the spirit of adventure.
eBook
'Upholding the cause of civilization': The Australian death penalty in war and colonialism
The abolition of the death penalty in Queensland in 1922 was the first in Australian jurisdictions, and the first in the British Empire. However, the legacy of the Queensland death penalty lingered in Australian colonial territories. This article considers a variety of practices in which the death penalty was addressed by Australian decision-makers during the first half of the 20th century. These include the exemption of Australian soldiers from execution in World War I, use of the death penalty in colonial Papua and the Mandate Territory of New Guinea, hanging as a weapon of war in the colonial territories, and the retrieval of the death penalty for the punishment of war crimes. In these histories, we see not only that the Queensland death penalty lived on in other contexts but also that ideological and political preferences for abolition remained vulnerable to the sway of other historical forces of war and security.
Journal Article
Peace Operations and Restorative Justice
This sharp study makes for evocative reading as it introduces the new concept of regeneration as key to any restoratively arranged peace operation. Military, police, NGO and civilian peacekeeper practitioners, as well as academic theorists, can use this unique work to produce better and more lasting results for conflict ridden communities.
eBook
Kokoda
From the release of Damien Parer's Kokoda Frontline in 1942, there have been several high quality documentary films and many popular and scholarly histories on the battles on the Kokoda Track, but until Alister Grierson's Kokoda of 2006 there was no feature film. Initially well received by an Australian public, Kokoda raises several important questions for historians. Makers of films on historical events properly draw on contemporary images: they are evocative of a time and place, guides to all that detail of dress, manners and possessions that take a crew so long to get right and that the pedantic delight in criticising, and they provide templates for shot composition. But the images in films are not subjected to the same scrutiny that historians apply to written sources. In Grierson's Kokoda, images are drawn from somewhere on the Track and relocated and, in one case, taken from another battle and another place. Film critics were concerned with placing Kokoda within the history of war films and evaluating it against other war films. When film critics considered whether Kokoda was 'real' or 'convincing', they were judging whether the behaviour of soldiers in battle moved and engaged an audience. Almost no film critics considered the film's accuracy as history, and it does repeat many popular errors about the Kokoda battles. Finally, it is interesting to consider what has been omitted and whether this has been the inevitable consequence of reducing an event spread over 100 kilometres of Track and several months to 92 minutes of film time, and whether the choices have diminished the end product as film or as history. More historians need to make themselves familiar with film and engage more readily in the public evaluation of those films claimed to be based on 'true' stories and illuminating what have come to be accepted as determining events in national histories.
Journal Article
Shooting an Invisible Enemy
War cameraman Damien Parer (1912-44) is best known for his newsreel films of the war in New Guinea. In his most famous work, Kokoda Front Line, in 1942, Parer comments that the Japanese were 'complete masters of camouflage and deception'. The invisibility of the Japanese soldiers posed a challenge to the cameraman and the production team, as film essentially has to rely on visual images. As the war progressed, Parer managed to capture images of the enemy, and these were shown in his newsreels. This paper examines visual images of the Japanese captured by Parer during the battles against them, and their representation in the three newsreels, Kokoda Front Line, Bismarck Convoy Smashed and Assault on Salamaua. An exploration of Parer's footage for these newsreels reveals several shifts in tone as the war increased in intensity and as his attitude towards the enemy hardened in the process.
Journal Article
Papua New Guinea in 1999-2000
The conditions in Papua New Guinea's politics and society during 1999-2000 are discussed. There is often a certain wildness and irresponsibility in Papua New Guinea government and politics, despite talk about creating good governance and Morauta's desire to make government \"boring\" again.
Journal Article
'Track' or 'Trail': the Kokoda debate
The debate as to what should be the name of the route over the Owen Stanley Ranges, Kokoda 'Track' or 'Trail', has been persistent and spirited, despite appearing on the surface to be a minor issue of semantics. The topic has often resulted in the bitter exchange of correspondence between passionate interested parties who fervently advocate either 'track' or 'trail', offering a variety of evidence in support of what they believe to be the correct title of one of Australia's most important and revered military campaigns. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
The Consolation Unit
From late 1942, Australians knew that the Japanese had shipped women to Rabaul, where they worked in brothels catering for Japanese troops. Japanese captured on the Kokoda Track and elsewhere described the brothels, and New Guineans and who had been in Rabaul talked about them. Australian military and civilian prisoners saw the brothels, and a few of those Australians observed them over a long period. Japanese who served in Rabaul have left reminiscences about the brothels, and one Korean woman has testified that she worked in Rabaul. As result, there is scattered material on perhaps 3,000 comfort women in an Australian Territory, but when Australian reporters and commentators need to give the comfort women an Australian relevance, these women are never mentioned. Their experiences are not used to provide evidence on the recurring debates about whether the comfort women were coerced or free and whether they were recruited, shipped and employed by private contractors rather than the Japanese military or government.
Journal Article
The Long Arm of the Third Reich: Internment of New Guinea Germans in Tatura
Mission histories and autobiographies dealing with the internment of Germans from New Guinea in Australia during World War II remember the shock and hardship of the initial detention and the journey from New Guinea to Australia, stories of funny events and good times in the camps, and the struggle with the Australian bureaucracy to get back to New Guinea. The time of enthusiastic or reluctant commitment to National Socialist leadership and ideology has had hardly any space in personal memories or written history, neither in mission accounts nor in Australian war histories. This article examines the politics of Tatura Camp 1, where most Germans from New Guinea were interned, within the context of wider Australian and German internment policies. The Germans from New Guinea were not cut off from the outside world behind barbed wire, but became entangled in a net of interacting and conflicting agencies. By examining the role of the German Reich and Switzerland, and their interaction with the Australian government, military authorities, and internees, the article shifts away from national histories of internment, which set the interning nation as the central reference point, to transnational histories.
Journal Article