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Artykuł jest próbą opisania kulis realizacji, a następnie recepcji pięciu polskojęzycznych filmów dźwiękowych wyprodukowanych w studiu Joinville pod Paryżem. Wcześniejsze publikacje utrwaliły negatywny, a nawet nieco satyryczny obraz współpracy polskich filmowców z Paramountem. Autor sprawdza, czy czarna legenda Wytwórni Babel z Joinville, gdzie realizowano remaki w kilkunastu wersjach językowych, znajduje potwierdzenie w ustaleniach historyków kina oraz tekstach publicystycznych z epoki. Stara się również odpowiedzieć na pytanie, dlaczego żaden polski „talkie” nie odniósł sukcesu komercyjnego, a inicjatywa Adolpha Zukora zakończyła się porażką.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects on the everyday world of actual Augmented Reality games which introduce digital objects in our surroundings from a phenomenological point of view. Augmented Reality is a new technology aiming to merge digital and real objects, and it is becoming pervasively used thanks to the application for mobile devices Pokémon Go by Niantic. We will study this game and other similar applications to shed light on their possible effects on our lives and on our everyday world from a phenomenological perspective. In the first part, we will show how these digital objects are visualised as merged in the surroundings. We will point out that even if they are visualised as part of the everyday world, they are not part of it because they are still related to the fictional world generated by the game. In the second part, we will show how the existence of these objects in their fictional world has effects on the everyday world where everybody lives. The goal of Augmented Reality is not reached yet because these objects are not part of the everyday world, but it already makes our lives embedded with digital elements. We will show if these new objects have effects on our world and on how we live our lives.

While the emergence of Pacific scholars has contributed to the development of Pacific methodologies, they have not fully addressed the broader academic context in New Zealand. Appreciating the importance of diverse cultural values and beliefs among Pacific peoples, doing research with them must be honoured and acknowledged for its uniqueness. The Samoan cultural concept named Tofā Māmāo (in-depth knowledge) is a potential theoretical approach to guide Pacific research. This study explored Tofā Māmāo from the perspective of paramount chiefs and its theoretical position within academia. The talanoa (dialogue) approach was employed during the one-on-one interviews to collect the data. The findings revealed that the Tofā Māmāo is defined metaphorically as a Pearl of Wisdom and a principal philosophical element in the fa'a-Samoa (Samoan culture). Its principles are suitable for Pacific research and enrich the whole process. It symbolises the ability to unlock an archive of knowledge that has existed for generations. It defines truth through oral traditions which justifies its positioning when doing research. While Pacific metaphors and proverbs are elements of interpreting the meaning of the Pacific people's worldview, the significance of the Tofā Māmāo has a primary potential to inform the theoretical stance of the research.

How science fiction films in the 1950s were marketed and helped create the broader genre itself. For Hollywood, the golden age of science fiction was also an age of anxiety. Amid rising competition, fluid audience habits, and increasing government regulation, studios of the 1950s struggled to make and sell the kinds of films that once were surefire winners. These conditions, the leading media scholar J. P. Telotte argues, catalyzed the incredible rise of science fiction. Though science fiction films had existed since the earliest days of cinema, the SF genre as a whole continued to resist easy definition through the 1950s. In grappling with this developing genre, the industry began to consider new marketing approaches that viewed films as fluid texts and audiences as ever-changing. Drawing on trade reports, film reviews, pressbooks, trailers, and other archival materials, Selling Science Fiction Cinema reconstructs studio efforts to market a promising new genre and, in the process, shows how salesmanship influenced what that genre would become. Telotte uses such films as The Thing from Another World , Forbidden Planet , and The Blob , as well as the influx of Japanese monster movies, to explore the shifting ways in which the industry reframed the SF genre to market to no-longer static audience expectations. Science fiction transformed the way Hollywood does business, just as Hollywood transformed the meaning of science fiction.

Professor Zolberg brings the factual material about the Ivory Coast's social, economic, and political development since 1961-1962. Originally published in 1964. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This paper examines the phenomenon of film location maps in California. These unusual maps, popular in the 1930s and associated with Paramount Studios, presented those locations within California that could plausibly substitute for another world location onscreen (e.g., the Sierra Nevada mountain range could stand in for the Alps as a background in a film). In this article, I analyze a sequence of these maps, arguing that the global juxtapositions and cinematic superimpositions that they create were only possible within a specific historical context, namely (1) the formalization of the role of the location manager as that profession evolved within the studio system and location shooting in California; (2) a particular form of place-based tourist marketing for California that claimed a global variety of geographies within the state; (3) the importance of the idea of place to Paramount Studios in these years, and how this related to a contemporaneous boom in California place-naming; and (4) the simultaneous rise of pictorial maps, a kind of cartography that joined illustration and caricature.

Edith Head, possibly Hollywood's most iconic costume designer, won a record eight Oscar statuettes for Best Costume Design. Despite her popularity, Head has also sparked controversy; many detractors question her talent as a designer by arguing that her success rested merely on her self-promotional efforts rather than her work inside the wardrobe department. This article explores Head's career vis-a-vis the discourses surrounding her public persona to understand how she constructed her image as Hollywood's most famous costume designer, survivingfor over five decades in an industryfraught with constant economic and political turmoil. In doing so, this article will shed light on the activities assigned to her as head of costume during and after the studio era.

From Double Indemnity (1944) to The Godfather (1972), the stories behind some of the greatest films ever made pale beside the story of the studio that made them.In the golden age of Hollywood, Paramount was one of the Big Five studios.

Although James and Schutz provide us with the most insightful investigations of multiple realities that we come across in philosophical, psychological and sociological literature, hardly any critical studies have addressed James’s and Schutz’s conceptions of multiple realities alongside each other. This paper fills this gap. The paper demonstrates that James and Schutz were concerned with the same set of issues in their respective accounts of multiple realities. It further shows the different ways in which James and Schutz understood multiple realities and how they conceptualized the fundamental levels of reality’s constitution. It also provides a critical analysis of Schutz’s allegation that James’s analysis is psychologistic, arguing that this accusation is ungrounded and that Schutz’s epoche of the natural attitude in fact bolsters James’s analysis of belief. The paper concludes with a set of reflections on the heterogenous nature of paramount reality, bringing into question James’s and Schutz’s assumption that each reality is inwardly coherent, although incompatible with each other.

Background and Introduction: Donning and doffing of personal protective equipments (PPE) has become relevant especially during COVID-19 pandemic and neurosurgeons operating upon COVID-19 positive or suspect patients should be aware of proper technique of donning and doffing of PPE.[1] Surgeries involving direct exposure of anterior nasal spaces/paranasal sinuses carry significantly more risk of infection and it may be prudent to use PPE while operating all such cases.[2] Objective: In this video, we present our extensive protocol of donning and doffing of PPE which we have devised for our operating room. Technique: Donning consists of wearing of the PPE in a proper sequence so as to afford maximal protection from viral infection while conducting the surgical procedure. Various components of PPE and procedure of donning is shown followed by doffing, the sequential and safe removal of the PPE. Results: A meticulous method of donning and doffing PPE for neurosurgeons handling COVID-19 positive / suspect cases has been shown . Conclusion: Proper sequence of donning and doffing of PPE gear is of crucial importance during the COVID pandemic to prevent infection to the health care workers while handling COVID-19 positive/suspect cases and this video demonstrates the protocol we use at our institute.