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"Paranoia"
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Paranoia : my life understanding and treating extreme mistrust
What is paranoia? What makes us mistrustful? How can this be overcome? In this book, Daniel Freeman, a Professor of Clinical Psychology at Oxford, shows how suspicion is rife, how conspiracy theories circulate like never before and how all too often emotion trumps evidence.
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Paranoia and the Social Brain
Paranoia is typically defined as the belief that others intend you harm and that this harm will occur. However, it has a specific social phenomenology: paranoid concerns often involve selective identification of persecutors who are perceived to form malevolent groups, and who have specific social identities. Drawing on this, a recent synthesis suggests that paranoia stems from mechanisms evolved to navigate our coalitional environment. I present a series of studies that test hypotheses emerging from this perspective, investigating a number of different areas of social cognition, and recruiting participants from across the full paranoia continuum. In my first study, I investigated how between-individual differences in trait paranoia reflect exposure to coalitional safety and threat in the social environment. In my second study, I developed a novel game-theoretic paradigm to test how live paranoia changes in response to a coalitional threat cue, group cohesion, and if this responsivity varies with trait-level paranoia. In my third study, I extended this investigation to involve a clinical sample of individuals experiencing psychosis. In my fourth study, across three experiments, I sought to examine cognitive mechanisms underpinning social avoidance in paranoia, in particular testing whether paranoia is associated with betrayal aversion. In my fifth study I employed two experimental paradigms to test if social identification is weaker in paranoia, and if this can explain lower trust and cooperation typically observed in more paranoid individuals. Lastly, in the final study presented here, I examined if certain types of conspiracy thinking are more prominent in paranoia. I discuss the extent to which my results are compatible with the coalitional perspective of paranoia and consider the implications my findings have for applied mental health care contexts and for broader public policy.
Dissertation
0139 Impaired Sleep Mediates the Relationship Between Interpersonal Trauma and Subtypes of Delusional Ideation
Introduction Impaired sleep is an important area of intervention, as improving sleep can have beneficial effects on co-existing psychopathology. Under this framework, impaired sleep is examined as a mediator between IT (IT; i.e., trauma caused by another) and subtypes of delusional ideation (i.e., subclinical delusions). Impaired sleep may be a maintenance factor of delusional ideation following IT. Thus, this study seeks to clarify the role of impaired sleep in different types of delusional ideation, which may inform future treatment research. Methods Transdiagnostic-community participants (18-60 years) were utilized from the Nathan Kline Institute (N=496). An exploratory factor analysis was completed for the Peter’s Delusion Inventory (PDI) and extracted factors were used as DVs in separate mediation models. We assessed whether global sleep quality (GSQ) from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index mediated the relationship between IT and subtypes of delusional ideation. GSQ is the summation of seven component scores: sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, sleep efficiency, subjective sleep quality, and medication use. Thus, specificity analyses examined each component of GSQ individually in mediation models to identify influential components. Results A three-factor solution of the PDI was identified: magical thinking, grandiosity, and paranoia. However, IT was only related to paranoia (β=0.312,p< 0.01) and grandiosity (β=0.286,p< 0.01). With GSQ as a mediator, the relationship between IT and paranoia was attenuated (direct effect=0.212,p=0.046; indirect effect=0.074,p< 0.01; 25.9% mediated). Similarly, the relationship between IT and grandiosity was attenuated by GSQ as a mediator, but less variance was accounted for (direct effect=0.269,p=0.013; indirect effect=0.044,p=0.035; 14.1% mediated). Specificity analyses highlighted that for paranoia, the components of sleep disturbance (direct effect=0.121,p=0.220; indirect effect=0.165,p< 0.01) and daytime dysfunction (ab=0.073,p=0.035; c=0.214,p=0.030) provided significant mediation of the relationship with IT. For grandiosity, only the sleep disturbance component (ab=0.092,p=0.011; c=0.221,p=0.043) mediated the relationship with IT. Conclusion In conclusion, impaired sleep significantly mediated the relationship between IT and paranoia, as well as grandiosity. This provides support for future research investigating impaired sleep as a target to improve specific subtypes of delusional ideation following IT, particularly paranoia. While our findings align with previous research, several limitations are considered including cross-sectional data and use of self-report measures. Support (if any)
Journal Article
In black and white : a novel
\"Black and White is a full translation of Tanizaki Jun'ichirō's 1928 novel, Kokubyaku, with an introduction that identifies the special conditions that might have made it a 'lost' novel. This novel offers a window into Tanizaki's life and work at a critical transition point in his career. The introduction focuses on the moment Tanizaki astounded the literary world in 1928 by writing three novels in the same year, after several years of relative silence following the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake. Two of the three (Some Prefer Nettles and Quicksand) immediately became famous; this third disappeared from view. The novel tells the story of a writer who in essence kills another writer with his writing. In it, an obsessive paranoid fantasy turns out to invade 'real life,' and it ends with a man confessing to a murder he did not commit. Over the course of the story, he (the character? the author?) invents a character he calls the 'Shadow Man,' who is out to entrap the writer (the protagonist? the author?) and destroy him. The tone of the story is comic rather than tragic, sardonic rather than dramatic. There is a peculiar ambiguity between author and character that distinguishes the story from the usual 'I-novel' genre of the day; the novel is autobiographical in an unusual way, although Tanizaki was never considered an autobiographical writer. The central questions the introduction addresses are: What is autobiographical in the novel; who was killed and why; and how did that elimination help make Tanizaki a great writer?\"-- Provided by publisher
BOOK
This Violent Empire
This Violent Empiretraces the origins of American violence, racism, and paranoia to the founding moments of the new nation and the initial instability of Americans' national sense of self.Fusing cultural and political analyses to create a new form of political history, Carroll Smith-Rosenberg explores the ways the founding generation, lacking a common history, governmental infrastructures, and shared culture, solidified their national sense of self by imagining a series of \"Others\" (African Americans, Native Americans, women, the propertyless) whose differences from European American male founders overshadowed the differences that divided those founders. These \"Others,\" dangerous and polluting, had to be excluded from the European American body politic. Feared, but also desired, they refused to be marginalized, incurring increasingly enraged enactments of their political and social exclusion that shaped our long history of racism, xenophobia, and sexism. Close readings of political rhetoric during the Constitutional debates reveal the genesis of this long history.
eBook
Technologies for intuition : Cold War circles and telegraphic rays
\"Cold War paranoia can only partly describe or explain the 20th century dreams of telepathy. The nightmare shades of mind control and crowd frenzy have long alternated with the pastels of love and collective effervescence. Both extremes materialized over time, along tangled circuits of wars, events and interactions staged across borders since at least the 19th century. The Cold War and its fences fed fascination with the workings and the failures of contact and communication. Opposed sides accused each other of jamming media and spinning propaganda even while they mirrored fantasies of connection. This book contrasts and connects Russian and American channels and means to check channels, with special attention to intersections of the telepathic with the theatrical. It theorizes links between historically layered struggles over technologies for intuition and dominant models of communication, commonsense or theoretical. It demonstrates that theories resting on models of individual sincerity and of dyadic communication warp understandings of the USSR and Russia--and thus of the USA, as well. It proposes that attention to the means of making and checking contact, that is, to the phatic functions in language, offers a way out of the impasses and paradoxes of paranoia\"--Provided by publisher.
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