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This study aimed to enhance knowledge on which aspects of the family context are most relevant in identifying at-risk/problematic social media users among adolescents. Therefore, we examined the relative contribution to adolescents' at-risk/problematic social media use (SMU) of general and Internet-specific family factors related to three different family (sub)systems: parent-child (Internet-specific rule-setting, reactive restrictions towards Internet use, co-use, adolescents' involvement in rule-setting and positive parenting), parent (parental screen time, phubbing, stress, anxiety and depression) and family (family functioning, family intactness and SES) (sub)system. Questionnaire data came from 403 adolescents (M = 13.51, SD = 2.15) and 396 parents (M = 46.59, SD = 5.29) who participated in wave 1 of the Dutch ‘Digital Family project’. Logistic regression analyses showed that only factors related to the parent-child subsystem remained significant in predicting being an at-risk/problematic social media user when examining predictors related to the parent-child, parent and family (sub)system simultaneously. Specifically, general and Internet-specific parenting practices contributed to the prediction above and beyond each other. Positive parenting and Internet-specific rule-setting seem protective, while parental reactive restrictions towards Internet use could be a risk factor. Positive parenting showed the largest effect size. The results suggest that parental behaviors directed towards the child should be a focus of attention in prevention of adolescents' problematic SMU. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of untangling restrictive mediation (impulsive, in the moment, attempts to limit SMU versus communicating clear rules in advance) when examining its effects. •Relative associations of family subsystems with problematic SMU are examined.•Especially the parent-child system seems important to consider in preventing problematic SMU.•General and Internet-specific parenting relate to problematic SMU above and beyond each other.•Internet-specific rules and positive parenting are negatively related to problematic SMU.•Reactive restrictions towards Internet use is positively related to problematic SMU.

Based on six waves of longitudinal data collected from high school students, the study examined developmental pattern and correlates of resilience in adolescents in Hong Kong. Over 6 years, the students were invited to complete a questionnaire containing measures of psychosocial functioning including family functioning, parent-child subsystem quality and resilience. There was a slight decrease of resilience throughout adolescence. Adolescents having better parent-child subsystem quality and family functioning reported higher levels of resilience initially. However, better mother-child subsystem quality and family functioning were significantly associated with faster decrease in resilience, although adolescents with better parent-child subsystem quality and family functioning always reported higher resilience levels over 6 years. The findings suggest that strengthening family processes can help to promote resilience in adolescents in Hong Kong.

In the past, approaches to the analysis of early socialization have emphasized the importance of the mother‐child dyad. As researchers have broadened their interests to include the father's role in early socialization the need to conceptualize the infant as a member of a family has emerged. The usefulness of general systems theory for concept totalizing the young child as a member of a family, a living system at the level of the group, is explored. Current research findings are related to a system framework and suggestions for conceptualizing the steady state processes of the family are proposed.

In this chapter, we present the background and rationale for assessing acculturation in Asian American families. We discuss key Asian American family acculturation issues: family dynamics, family structure, developmental considerations, and family ecologies. In addition, we present clinical guidelines to assess Asian American family acculturation and its impact on the parent–child and couple subsystems.

The spouse, parent-child, and sibling subsystems are critical components in the dynamics of multi-child families, collectively contributing to family differentiation and cohesion. This study employs a person-centered approach to explore the interdependence among these subsystems in Chinese multi-child families in Shandong Province. Additionally, it examines the relationships between subsystem patterns and two key outcomes: parental burnout and adolescent loneliness. Data were collected through a survey of 547 adolescent-parent pairs, all from intact, first-marriage, multi-child families. Using latent profile analysis based on marital, parent-child, and sibling relationships, the study identified three distinct profiles within multi-child families: Harmonious (73.1%), Disharmonious-Spillover (20.3%), and Disharmonious-Compensatory (6.6%). Results indicate that Harmonious families are associated with the lowest levels of parental burnout and adolescent loneliness. Conversely, Disharmonious-Spillover families exhibit the highest levels of adolescent loneliness, while Disharmonious-Compensatory families experience the highest levels of parental burnout. Highlights This study identifies three profiles in Chinese multi-child families in Shandong: Harmonious, Spillover, and Compensatory. Harmonious family dynamics are associated with lower parental burnout and less adolescent loneliness. Spillover families exhibit heightened adolescent loneliness, while compensatory families show increased parental burnout. The findings underscore the importance of balanced family subsystems in reducing burnout and loneliness.

As digital innovations rapidly penetrate aging populations, live-streaming e-commerce acts as a profound external disruption to the informal healthcare subsystem, fundamentally reshaping Health Shared Decision-Making in Elderly Households (HSDM-EH). This study investigates how the nested interplay of affective strategies and algorithmic mechanisms reconfigures this traditional socio-technical balance. Employing a directed content analysis, we conducted methodological triangulation with two complementary data sources: in-depth interviews and behavioral observations from a maximum-variation sample of 40 Chinese families. Our findings reveal a three-stage structural evolution: the de-bounding of the informal healthcare subsystem through the decentering of institutional and familial authority; the synergistic control of affect and algorithms that scales deprofessionalized trust; and the subsequent escalation of systemic friction, marking a failure of organizational resilience. Ultimately, we propose a Socio-Technical Nested Agency Model, demonstrating that algorithmic interventions effect a soft transfer of health authority away from familial oversight to commercial platforms. This socio-technical reconfiguration generates unintended policy feedback that undermines grassroots health initiatives, highlighting the urgent need for cross-sectoral regulatory frameworks to mitigate algorithmic risks and enhance the digital health inclusivity of aging populations.

Psychological Control (PC) interferes with autonomy-related processes in adolescence and has a negative impact on adolescents’ development related to internalizing and externalizing problems. Several scholars suggested that PC can be used differently by mothers and fathers. However, these differences are still understudied and mainly grounded on maternal and/or adolescents’ perspectives, leading to potentially incomplete inferences on the effects of PC. The present study extends previous research on PC in two directions. First, we tested the dyadic and cumulative effects of maternal and paternal PC on adolescents’ antisocial behaviors and anxious-depressive symptoms. Secondly, we explored the cross-cultural generalizability of these associations in three countries: Italy, Colombia, and USA. Participants included 376 families with data from three consecutive years (T1, adolescents’ age = 13.70). Mothers’ and fathers’ reports of PC and youth’s reports of antisocial and internalizing behaviors were assessed. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) we found that maternal PC predicted adolescents’ reported antisocial behaviors whereas paternal PC predicted lower anxious-depressed symptoms. Comparisons across countries evidenced the cross-cultural invariance of the longitudinal APIM across Italy, Colombia, and USA. The practical implications of these results are discussed.

Child abuse is a common phenomenon worldwide. The most frequent setting of child abuse is within the family. While most studies on intrafamilial child abuse have focused on the parental unit and parent–child relations, the sibling subsystem remains understudied. The current study was designed to examine the way therapeutic professionals in the field of child abuse perceive and experience the sibling subsystem in the context of parental child abuse. Thirty therapeutic professionals were interviewed. Thematic analysis of the transcripts identified three themes. The first was related to the sibling relationship in childhood and adulthood. In both periods, distinct profiles were identified: strong bonds versus disconnection, with the latter sometimes involving abuse by the sibling in childhood. The second theme was the sibling dynamic during disclosure. Here, too, two profiles were identified: secrecy within the family and the role of the siblings in maintaining it, and older siblings choosing to disclose to save their younger siblings. The third theme addressed interventions that relate to the sibling subsystem. All participants discussed its importance while also acknowledging the limited attention given to sibling interventions in practice, as well as insufficient knowledge and training. The main conclusion is that there is an urgent need to enhance child abuse practitioners’ attention to and knowledge of the role of the sibling subsystem in both childhood and adulthood.

Johnson and Puplampu recently proposed theecological techno-subsystem, a refinement to Bronfenbrenner's theoretical organization of environmental influences on child development. The ecological techno-subsystem includes child interaction with both living (e.g., peers) and nonliving (e.g., hardware) elements of communication, information, and recreation technologies in immediate or direct environments. The theoretical techno-subsystem requires empirical validation. Parents of 128 children in first through sixth grade consented to cognitive developmental assessment of their children and completed questionnaires on children's use of the Internet at home and family socioeconomic characteristics. In general, indices of home Internet use accounted for more of the variance in children's cognitive development than did indices of socioeconomic status. The ecological techno-subsystem furthers our understanding of environmental influences on child development by emphasizing the impact of digital technologies on cognitive growth during childhood.

The applications of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) filters or subsystems to radio astronomy, the third generation (3G) mobile communications, meteorological radar, and satellite are introduced. A wideband HTS filter for the Miyun 50-m radio telescope in Beijing was presented, and a novel resonator and a new style interleaved coupling structure were proposed for the design of the wideband filter. An HTS transceiver subsystem was constructed. A field trial in commercial TD-SCDMA base station network was carried out in Beijing and remarkable improvements were achieved for RF performance in both transmitting and receiving chains. A demonstration HTS meteorological radar station was set up in Beijing and it showed great enhancements in sensitivity and anti-interference ability in urban area wind profile measurements. An experimental HTS microwave receiver front end for satellite applications had been constructed and passed all the space qualification tests. As a payload of an experimental satellite, it was ready for launch.