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"Parks Canada History."
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Natural selections
Natural Selections traces the history of the first four parks in Atlantic Canada through the selection, expropriation, development, and management stages. Alan MacEachern shows how the Parks Branch's preconceptions about the landscape and people of the region shaped the parks created there. In doing so he details the evolution of the park system, from the conservation movement early in the century to the rise of the ecology movement. MacEachern analyzes Parks Canada's efforts to fulfill its twin mandates of preservation and use, arguing that the agency never favoured one over the other but oscillated between more or less interventionist in ensuring both.
eBook
Taking the Air
Natural resource management is a major area of Canadian policy, as recent literature reveals.Yet analysts have devoted little attention to the management of parks and protected areas.In Taking the Air, Paul Kopas takes a comprehensive approach to this aspect of policy debate.
eBook
Taking the air : ideas and change in Canada's national parks / Paul Kopas
\"Natural resource management is a major area of Canadian policy, as recent literature reveals. Yet analysts have devoted little attention to the management of parks and protected areas. In Taking the Air, Paul Kopas takes a comprehensive approach to this aspect of policy debate. He scrutinizes the policy-making process for national parks since the mid-1950s and interrogates the rationale and policies that have governed their administration.\" \"Kopas argues that national parks and park policy reflect not only environmental concerns but also the political and social attitudes of bureaucrats, citizens, interest groups, Aboriginal peoples, and legal authorities. He explores how the goals of each group have been shaped by the historical context of park policy, influencing the shape and weight of their contributions.\"--Jacket.
eBook
Ya Ha Tinda : a home place, celebrating 100 years of the Canadian government's only working horse ranch
\"An illustrated history celebrating the 100th anniversary of this historic, working horse ranch located along the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies. The story of the Ya Ha Tinda and its evolution into the only continuously operating federal government horse ranch in Canada is much more than the story of the people who worked and lived there. Its ancient history is an amalgam of geological evolution, with archaeological evidence of ancient indigenous people's use of the land for over 9,400 years and a biophysical inventory of flora and fauna unique to this particular landscape. So important is this small footprint, that it has been the source of a constant struggle for control between governments and special interest groups since the early 1900s, when the Brewster Brothers Transfer Company first obtained a grazing lease in the area for raising and breaking horses for their guiding and outfitting business in Banff and Lake Louise. This unique book covers the 100 years since the inception of the ranch: its challenges to survive intact to the 2017 centennial celebration and the stories of the men and women who worked and survived on the spread as they fought the elements and the politics to keep it as a \"home place\" for both the warden service and Parks Canada.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Urban parks and urban problems
Why does everyone think cities can save the planet? Contemporary planning interventions promise salvation via spatial fixes that might reduce carbon emissions, boost metropolitan economies, and allow urban society to thrive in spite of rising seas and climate disasters. New wetlands, floodgates, and other adaptive infrastructures allow water to coexist with urban space; new parks, such as New York’s High Line and Chicago’s 606, celebrate the interweaving of built and natural environments and suggest how outmoded infrastructure can be repurposed for civic benefit. While the climate dilemmas at hand are historically new, the use of landscaped environments in the service of solving social problems is not. Dating to the first generation of urban park development in the 19th century, planners have deployed green spaces as solutions to various cultural, political, and economic conundrums of the city. Offering an historical parallel and counterweight to investigations of contemporary urban–environmental dynamics, this paper investigates the period of park development that occurred in the 19th century in North America and Europe, using Chicago’s Olmsted-designed South Park (the contemporary Washington and Jackson Parks) as a case study. I argue that green spaces’ distinct nexus of (1) normative cultural meanings around nature, (2) power relations bound up in dominant landscape aesthetics, and (3) direct link to the economic realm via the structuring of land values have made green space development a powerful ‘cultural fix’: a means of using social space to mitigate perceived social crises. Understanding the historical foundations of green spaces’ use as cultural fixes can inform contemporary analyses, particularly as new landscape ideologies emerge as part of broader green urbanism development and climate change adaptation strategies.
为什么每个人都认为城市可以拯救地球？当代的规划干预措施通过空间修复来承诺拯救，这些修复可能会减少碳排放，推动大都市经济，并允许城市社会蓬勃发展，尽管海平面上升和气候灾难日益严重。新的湿地、洪水闸门和其他适应性基础设施使水能够与城市空间共存；纽约High Line和芝加哥606等新公园实现了建筑环境和自然环境的交融，并说明老旧的基础设施可以怎样为公民利益重新发挥作用。 虽然目前的气候困境是有史以来前所未有的，但在解决社会问题的过程中使用景观环境并不是什么新鲜事。早在十九世纪第一代城市公园建设过程中，规划者们已将绿色空间的部署视为各种城市文化、政治和经济难题的解决方案。本文在当代城市环境动态进行研究中引入类似的历史事件作为平衡因素。作者探讨了19世纪发生在北美和欧洲的公园建设时期，并采用奥姆斯特德设计的芝加哥南方公园（相当于当代的华盛顿公园和杰克逊公园） 作为案例研究。笔者认为，绿色空间的独特之处在于：（1）围绕自然的规范性文化含义，（2）与主导景观美学紧密相连的权力关系，以及（3）通过土地价值的结构与经济领域的直接联系。这些独特之处使得绿色空间的开发成为了一种强大的“文化修复”：一种利用社会空间来减轻对社会危机的感知的手段。 了解绿色空间作为文化修复的历史基础可以为当代分析提供启示，特别是考虑到，新的景观意识形态是作为更广泛的“绿色城市化发展”和“气候变化适应战略”的一部分涌现的。
Journal Article
The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
Despite a well-characterized archaeological record, the genetics of the people who inhabit the Arctic have been unexplored. Raghavan et al. sequenced ancient and modern genomes of individuals from the North American Arctic (see the Perspective by Park). Analyses of these genomes indicate that the Arctic was colonized 6000 years ago by a migration separate from the one that gave rise to other Native American populations. Furthermore, the original paleo-inhabitants of the Arctic appear to have been completely replaced approximately 700 years ago. Science , this issue 10.1126/science.1255832 ; see also p. 1004 Early Arctic humans differed from both present-day Inuit and Native Americans. [Also see Perspective by Park ] The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.
Journal Article
Inhabited : wildness and the vitality of the land
Through an ethnographic exploration of Canada's ten UNESCO Natural World Heritage sites, Inhabited reflects on the meanings of wildness, wilderness, and natural heritage. Presenting perspectives of local inhabitants, the authors ask us to reflect on the colonial and dualist assumptions behind the received meaning of wild.
eBook