Explore the vast range of titles available.

The use of accelerated beams of electrons, protons or ions has furthered the development of nearly every scientific discipline. However, high-energy muon beams of equivalent quality have not yet been delivered. Muon beams can be created through the decay of pions produced by the interaction of a proton beam with a target. Such ‘tertiary’ beams have much lower brightness than those created by accelerating electrons, protons or ions. High-brightness muon beams comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators could facilitate the study of lepton–antilepton collisions at extremely high energies and provide well characterized neutrino beams 1 – 6 . Such muon beams could be realized using ionization cooling, which has been proposed to increase muon-beam brightness 7 , 8 . Here we report the realization of ionization cooling, which was confirmed by the observation of an increased number of low-amplitude muons after passage of the muon beam through an absorber, as well as an increase in the corresponding phase-space density. The simulated performance of the ionization cooling system is consistent with the measured data, validating designs of the ionization cooling channel in which the cooling process is repeated to produce a substantial cooling effect 9 – 11 . The results presented here are an important step towards achieving the muon-beam quality required to search for phenomena at energy scales beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider at a facility of equivalent or reduced footprint 6 . Ionization cooling, a technique that delivers high-brightness muon beams for the study of phenomena at energy scales beyond those of the Large Hadron Collider, is demonstrated by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment.

The Majorana Demonstrator will search for the neutrinoless double-beta (ββ0ν) decay of the isotope Ge with a mixed array of enriched and natural germanium detectors. The observation of this rare decay would indicate that the neutrino is its own antiparticle, demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved, and provide information on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. The Demonstrator is being assembled at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The array will be situated in a low-background environment and surrounded by passive and active shielding. Here we describe the science goals of the Demonstrator and the details of its design.

Hands-On Accelerator Physics Using MATLAB®, Second Edition, provides a broad introduction into the physics and the technology of particle accelerators from synchrotron light sources to high-energy colliders. It covers the design of beam optics, magnets, and radio-frequency systems, followed by a discussion of beam instrumentation and correction algorithms. Later chapters deal with the interaction of beams with targets, the emission of synchrotron radiation, and intensity limitations. Chapters discussing running and future accelerators round up the presentation. Theoretical concepts and the design of key components are explained with the help of MATLAB code. Practical topics, such as beam size measurements, magnet construction and measurements, and radio-frequency measurements are explored in student labs that do not require access to an accelerator. This unique approach provides a look at what goes on \"\"under the hood\"\" inside modern accelerators and presents readers with the tools to perform their independent investigations on the computer or in student labs. This book will be of interest to graduate students, post-graduate researchers studying accelerator physics, as well as engineers entering the field. The second edition features a new chapter on future accelerators and several new sections on polarization, neutrino beams, testing of superconducting cavities, and matching in longitudinal phase space, among others. The MATLAB code was updated to be consistent with the recent release of R2024a. All code is available from the book’s GitHub site at https://github.com/volkziem/HandsOnAccelerators2nd. Key features: Provides a broad introduction into physics of particle accelerators from synchrotron light sources to high-energy colliders. Discusses technical subsystems, including magnets, radio-frequency engineering, instrumentation and diagnostics, correction of imperfections, control, vacuum, and cryogenics. Illustrates key concepts with sample code in MATLAB.

This book is a concise yet thorough study of charge-parity (CP) asymmetry, particularly within the B meson system. Beginning with an introduction to the topic, the book covers discrete symmetry, antiparticles and CP symmetry before moving on to CP violations in both the quark sector and the B meson system. It also examines the accelerators and experiments involved in unveiling the asymmetry within the weak interactions, and finishes with an outlook on investigations beyond the Standard Model. The book offers a fascinating insight into the research of CP asymmetry and is an essential reference for experimental physicists and other researchers related to the field.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03142-2.

Cosmic inflation and dark energy hold the key to the origin and the eventual fate of the Universe. Despite the increasing prominence of these subjects in research and teaching over the past decade or more, no introductory textbook dedicated to these topics has been previously published. Dr Konstantinos Dimopoulos is a highly regarded expert in the field, and an experienced communicator of the subject to students. In this book he provides advanced undergraduate and early graduate students with an accessible introduction and equips them with the tools they need to understand the cosmology of cosmic inflation and dark energy. Features: Provides a concise, pedagogical \"crash course\" in big bang cosmology, focusing on the dynamics and the history of the Universe, with an emphasis on the role of dark energy Chapters contain questions and problems for readers to test their understanding The first book to make cosmic inflation and dark energy accessible to students