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Dust : the modern world in a trillion particles
\"Dust may seem inconsequential, so tiny and mundane as to slip below the threshold of thought. Yet within the next one hundred years, life on Earth will be profoundly changed by heat and drought - and that means dust. In this ground-breaking book, Jay Owens argues that dust is a legacy of twentieth-century progress and a toxic threat to life in the twenty-first. Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles tells the gripping story of how the relentless drive for profit and power has turned the world to powder. Combining history and science, travel and nature writing, Owens shows how the modern world was made through environmental devastation - and then brushed the consequences under the carpet. From particle air pollution and nuclear fallout to desertification, dried-up seas and melting glaciers, we've profoundly altered the planet we live on. The cost to human health - and to the natural world - proves immense. From the California desert and the Dust Bowl in Oklahoma to the desiccated remains of the Aral Sea and the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, we are shown that some of the planet's most remote and forgotten places are central to the modern world. With clarity and insight, Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles helps us understand our legacy and discovers the big ideas found within the smallest particles\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
Particles in the air : the deadliest pollutant is one you breathe every day
The book covers the three largest sources of particulate matter pollution in five chapters. These sources constitute three of the top ten public health problems in the world today and far outstrip any other environmental health threats in terms of health impact. The book begins with indoor solid fuel combustion for cooking in lower income countries and tells the story of how this problem was identified and recent efforts to eliminate it. The book next looks at tobacco smoking and second hand smoke, again reviewing the history of how these problems were identified scientifically and the fierce industry push back against the science. The last two chapters cover ambient particulate matter in the outdoor air. They address fine and ultrafine particles, describing the pioneering work on fine PM, the subsequent industry attacks on the scientists and then the emerging interest and concern about ultrafine particles, an area of research in which the author has participated. This book is geared towards non-scientists, including high school and college students.
Book
Governing Uncertainty
Nanotechnology promises to transform the materials of everyday life, leading to smaller and more powerful computers, more durable plastics and fabrics, cheap and effective water purification systems, more efficient solar panels and storage batteries, and medical devices capable of tracking down and killing cancer cells or treating neurological diseases. Policy analysts predict a radical change in the industrial sector; at present, the U.S. government spends nearly $2 billion annually on nanotechnology research and development. Yet the nanotechnology revolution is not straightforward. Enthusiasm about nanotechnology's future is tempered by recognition of the hurdles to its responsible development, including the capacity of government to support technological innovation and economic growth while also addressing potential environmental and public health impacts.
This is the first volume to engage scholarly perspectives on environmental regulation in light of the challenges posed by nanotechnology. Contributors focus on the overarching lessons of decades of regulatory response, while posing a fundamental question: How can government regulatory systems satisfy the desire for scientific innovation while also taking into account the direct and indirect effects of 21st century emerging technologies, particularly in the face of scientific uncertainties? With perspectives from economics, history, philosophy, and public policy, this new resource illuminates the various challenges inherent in the development of nanotechnology and works towards a reconceptualization of government regulatory approaches.
eBook
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Regulatory standards are already on the books at the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources.At the same time, Congress and EPA have initiated a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause damage.To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result is a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research.This, the third volume, begins the task of assessing the progress made in implementing the research program. The National Research Council ultimately concludes that the ongoing program is appropriately addressing many of the key uncertainties. However, it also identifies a number of critical specific subjects that should be given greater attention. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter focuses on the most current and planned research projects with an eye toward the fourth and final report, which will contain an updated assessment.
eBook
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulatory standards
to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle
exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and the EPA began a multimillion
dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles,
the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause disease.
To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National
Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result was a series of four reports
on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual
framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research
needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such
research. The third volume began the task of assessing initial progress made in
implementing the research program. This, the fourth and final volume, gauged
research progress made over a 5-year period on each of the 10 research topics. The
National Research Council concludes that particulate matter research has led to a
better understanding of the health effects caused by tiny airborne particles.
However, the EPA, in concert with other agencies, should continue research to
reduce further uncertainties and inform long-term decisions.
eBook
Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems
Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems
An indispensable compendium detailing the toxicology of nanoparticles with a focus on mechanisms, emerging issues, and new approaches
Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems provides authoritative information on the toxicology of ultrafine and nanoparticulate matter that contaminate terrestrial or aquatic environments and present unique challenges in applied public health and toxicological research. Detailed chapters by a panel of world-renowned experts examine the complementary and dynamic interdependence of aquatic, terrestrial, and human systems and the toxicological impacts on exposure to engineered and manufactured nanoparticles and nanomaterials.
Organized into four sections, the book opens with a thorough overview of the field, including known challenges and the necessity for current research activity. The second section describes terrestrial and aquatic systems and the ecotoxicological impact of nanomaterials, followed by critical analysis of the many human health effects of nanomaterials. The book concludes with an in-depth discussion of current gaps in knowledge, future directions, new approach methodologies, alternatives to animal models, and the emerging environmental threat from nanoplastics. Presenting case exemplars of the ecotoxicological impact of nanoparticles in aquatic and terrestrial systems, this important resource:
* Presents in-depth coverage of ecosafety, environmental behavior, fate and transport, interactive effects with other contaminants, and current challenges in soil nano-ecotoxicology
* Addresses rising concerns regarding air pollution and neurological disorders, and the roles played by the gastrointestinal system, the mucosal microbiome, and the immunotoxicology and vasculotoxicity of metal-based nanoparticles
* Provides detailed coverage of nanomaterial health effects from both animal and in vitro models, including the gut microbiome, innate immunity, neurological and cardiovascular impacts, mechanisms of action, and hazard characterization
* Analyzes key topics in ecological nanotoxicology such as environmental micro- and nano-plastic pollution and applied risk assessment
Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems is essential reading for toxicologists, applied biologists, ecotoxicologists, research scientists, medical professionals, regulators, and advanced students in fields such as public health, environmental ecotoxicology and medicine, immunotoxicology, neurotoxicology, cardiovascular and systems biology, hazard identification, and risk assessment.
eBook
Airborne measurements for environmental research : methods and instruments
This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters.It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques.
eBook
Beamtimes and Lifetimes
The unique breed of particle physicists constitutes a community of
sophisticated mythmakers-explicators of the nature of matter who
forever alter our views of space and time. But who are these
people? What is their world really like? Sharon
Traweek , a bold and original observer of culture, opens
the door to this unusual domain and offers us a glimpse into the
inner sanctum.
eBook
Review of the NARSTO Draft Report
The report reviews NARSTO's recent report on atmospheric science issues associated with management of airborne particulate matter (PM) to achieve air quality standards. NARSTO is a public-private partnership with members from government, utilities, industry, and academe in Canada, Mexico and the United States that coordinates ozone-related atmospheric science research and assessment.
eBook