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I describe the background for the paper 'Controlling the false discovery rate: a new and powerful approach to multiple comparisons' by Benjamini and Hochberg that was published in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, in 1995.1 review the progress since made on the false discovery rate, as well as the major conceptual developments that followed.

Drawing from 85 semi-structured interviews with fathers and mothers in three cities (Montreal, Toronto, and Chicago), largue that when fathers in heterosexual couples experience the transition to parenthood in ways that are structurally comparable to mothers, they come to think about and enact parenting in ways that are more similar to mothers. I consider the specific role played by extended time off immediately after the birth of a child in structuring that experience. By drawing fathers into the daily realities of child care, free of workplace constraints, extended time off provides the space necessary for fathers to develop the parenting skills and sense of responsibility that then allows them to be active co-parents rather than helpers to their female partners. This shift from a manager-helper dynamic to that of coparenting creates the opportunity for the development of a more gender-equitable division of labor.

The high topography of Greenland results in a number of orographically induced high wind speed flows along its coast that are of interest from both a severe weather and climate perspective. Here the surface wind field dataset from the NASA–JPL SeaWinds scatterometer on board the Quick Scatterometer (Quik-SCAT) satellite is used to develop a wintertime climatology of these flows. The high spatial resolution and the twice-daily sampling of the SeaWinds instrument allows for a much more detailed view of the surface winds around Greenland than has been previously possible. Three phenomena stand out as the most distinctive features of the surface wind field during the winter months: the previously identified tip jets and reverse tip jets, as well as the hitherto unrecognized barrier flows along its southeast coast in the vicinity of the Denmark Strait. Peak surface wind speeds associated with these phenomena can be as large as 50 m s−1with winds over 25 m s−1occurring approximately 10%–15% of the time at each location. A compositing technique is used to show that each type of flow is the result of an interaction between a synoptic-scale parent cyclone and the high topography of Greenland. In keeping with previous work, it is argued that tip jets are caused by a combination of conservation of the Bernoulli function during orographic descent and acceleration due to flow splitting as stable air passes around Cape Farewell, while barrier winds are a geostrophic response to stable air being forced against high topography. It is proposed that reverse tip jets occur when barrier winds reach the end of the topographic barrier and move from a geostrophic to a gradient wind balance, becoming supergeostrophic as a result of their anticyclonic curvature.

Barring new CO 2 sources could curb climate change, but won't solve energy problems. One concrete goal adopted by some policy-makers is to reduce the risks associated with climate change by preventing the mean global temperature from rising by more than 2°C above preindustrial levels ( 1 ). Climate models indicate that achieving this goal will require limiting atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations to less than 450 parts per million (ppm), a level that implies substantial reductions in emissions from burning fossil fuels ( 2 , 3 ). So far, however, efforts to curb emissions through regulation and international agreement haven't worked ( 4 ); emissions are rising faster than ever, and programs to scale up “carbon neutral” energy sources are moving slowly at best ( 5 ). On page 1330 of this issue, Davis et al. ( 6 ) offer new insights into just how difficult it will be to say farewell to fossil fuels.

We describe trends in maternal employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to which these behaviors are influenced by parental leave policies. Data are from the June Current Population Survey (CPS) Fertility Supplements, merged with other months of the CPS, and cover the period 1987 to 1994. This time span is one during which parental leave legislation expanded at both the state and federal level. We also provide the first comprehensive examination of employment and leave-taking by fathers of infants. Our main finding is that leave expansions are associated with increased leave-taking by both mothers and fathers. The magnitudes of the changes are small in absolute terms but large relative to the baseline for men and much greater for college-educated or married mothers than for their less-educated or single counterparts. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management

Cape Farewell, Greenland’s southernmost point, is characterized by a number of low-level jets that are the result of topographic flow distortion associated with passing extratropical cyclones. The heavy seas associated with these wind events are a hazard to maritime traffic in the region. In addition, the air–sea heat flux associated with these weather systems plays an important role in the climate system by contributing to the forcing of the lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. In this paper, the North American Regional Reanalysis will be used to generate a higher-resolution climatology of these mesoscale jets as compared to previous studies. Through the use of a diagnostic that partitions the occurrence frequency of high-speed wind events by wind direction, the author shows that there are four different types of Cape Farewell tips jets that are characterized as having either northwesterly, southwesterly, northeasterly, or southeasterly wind direction. All four types have distinct regions in the vicinity of Cape Farewell where their respective occurrence frequencies and air–sea heat fluxes are at a maximum. The southwesterly and northeasterly jets closely resemble the wind systems previously identified as being westerly and easterly tip jets. There are also instances where one type evolves into another and so it is possible to view westerly tip jets as a continuum with the northwesterly and southwesterly events identified in this paper representing end members with a similar picture for easterly tip jets. The position of a particular event along these continua will determine its impact on local weather and the coupled climate system.

This essay argues that President Ronald Reagan’s Farewell Address used a perfected and condensed form of ultimate definition consisting of an ideological argument, an underlying mythic narrative, and a value system. These three components served to redefine the American Dream and to reinforce the limited role of government, placing the responsibility for curing America’s ills on the individual rather than the federal government.