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The partition of India in 1947 was a seminal event of the twentieth century. Much has been written about the Punjab and the creation of West Pakistan; by contrast, little is known about the partition of Bengal. This remarkable book by an acknowledged expert on the subject assesses the social, economic and political consequences of partition. Using compelling sources, the book, which was originally published in 2007, shows how and why the borders were redrawn, how the creation of new nation states led to unprecedented upheavals, massive shifts in population and wholly unexpected transformations of the political landscape in both Bengal and India. The book also reveals how the spoils of partition, which the Congress in Bengal had expected from the new boundaries, were squandered over the twenty years which followed. This is an intriguing and challenging work whose findings change our understanding and its consequences for the history of the subcontinent.

In Jerusalem and Northern Ireland, territorial disputes have often seemed indivisible, unable to be solved through negotiation, and prone to violence and war. This book challenges the conventional wisdom that these conflicts were the inevitable result of clashing identities, religions, and attachments to the land. On the contrary, it was radical political rhetoric, and not ancient hatreds, that rendered these territories indivisible. Stacie Goddard traces the roots of territorial indivisibility to politicians' strategies for legitimating their claims to territory. When bargaining over territory, politicians utilize rhetoric to appeal to their domestic audiences and undercut the claims of their opponents. However, this strategy has unintended consequences; by resonating with some coalitions and appearing unacceptable to others, politicians' rhetoric can lock them into positions in which they are unable to recognize the legitimacy of their opponent's demands. As a result, politicians come to negotiations with incompatible claims, constructing territory as indivisible.

We study combinatorics of billiard partitions which arose recently in the description of periodic trajectories of ellipsoidal billiards in d -dimensional Euclidean and pseudo-Euclidean spaces. Such partitions uniquely codify the sets of caustics, up to their types, which generate periodic trajectories. The period of a periodic trajectory is the largest part while the winding numbers are the remaining summands of the corresponding partition. In order to take into account the types of caustics as well, we introduce weighted partitions and provide closed forms for the generating functions of these partitions.

In recent times there has been growing awareness about various heirs' property problems, including massive, decades-long, involuntary land loss.Heirs' Property and the Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act: Challenges, Solutions, and Historic Reform should increase that awareness among lawyers, the general public, and policymakers.

Supersymmetric localization provides an efficient framework for computing partition functions of three-dimensional gauge theories on compact manifolds. For the case of lens spaces, these partition functions can be represented by using hyperbolic hypergeometric integrals. Comparing the resulting expressions for dual theories not only confirms infrared dualities but also gives rise to nontrivial identities among special functions. In this article, we analyze a set of such relations and demonstrate how they simplify, in appropriate limits, to ordinary hypergeometric identities. Our results highlight the role of dimensional reduction in connecting higher-dimensional dualities to lower-dimensional ones.

A cubic partition is an integer partition in which the even parts can occur in two distinct colors. In this paper, we denote the number of cubic partitions of n by a ( n ) and define a m ( n ) as the number of cubic partitions of n in which only even parts that are not congruent to 0 modulo 2 m can appear in two colors. By leveraging classical results on truncated theta series, we introduce a collection of linear relations associated with the cubic partition functions a ( n ) and a m ( n ) . This context reveals intriguing connections among ordinary partitions, overpartitions, 2 m -regular partitions, pod-partitions and cubic partitions. A complete characterization of the congruences of a 2 ( n ) modulo 2 and 4 is provided.

In this powerful, compassionate work, one of anthropology's most distinguished ethnographers weaves together rich fieldwork with a compelling critical analysis in a book that will surely make a signal contribution to contemporary thinking about violence and how it affects everyday life. Veena Das examines case studies including the extreme violence of the Partition of India in 1947 and the massacre of Sikhs in 1984 after the assassination of then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In a major departure from much anthropological inquiry, Das asks how this violence has entered \"the recesses of the ordinary\" instead of viewing it as an interruption of life to which we simply bear witness. Das engages with anthropological work on collective violence, rumor, sectarian conflict, new kinship, and state and bureaucracy as she embarks on a wide-ranging exploration of the relations among violence, gender, and subjectivity. Weaving anthropological and philosophical reflections on the ordinary into her analysis, Das points toward a new way of interpreting violence in societies and cultures around the globe. The book will be indispensable reading across disciplinary boundaries as we strive to better understand violence, especially as it is perpetrated against women.

The enumeration$$d_k(n)$$d k ( n ) of k -elongated plane partition diamonds has emerged as a generalization of the classical integer partition function p ( n ). We have discovered an infinite congruence family for$$d_5(n)$$d 5 ( n ) modulo powers of 5. Classical methods cannot be used to prove this family of congruences. Indeed, the proof employs the recently developed localization method, and utilizes a striking internal algebraic structure which has not yet been seen in the proof of any congruence family. We believe that this discovery poses important implications on future work in partition congruences.

A bstract We propose an exact quantization of two-dimensional Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity by formulating the JT gravity theory as a 2D gauge theory placed in the presence of a loop defect. The gauge group is a certain central extension of PSL(2 , ℝ) by ℝ. We find that the exact partition function of our theory when placed on a Euclidean disk matches precisely the finite temperature partition function of the Schwarzian theory. We show that observables on both sides are also precisely matched: correlation functions of boundary- anchored Wilson lines in the bulk are given by those of bi-local operators in the Schwarzian theory. In the gravitational context, the Wilson lines are shown to be equivalent to the world-lines of massive particles in the metric formulation of JT gravity.