Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Child passenger safety is an important public health problem in China. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of child passenger restraint use while riding in a car in the city of Shantou in China from 2012 to 2017. Methods Three large-scale cross-sectional observational studies were conducted in 2012, 2015 and 2017, respectively. The observation sites included randomly selected hospitals, kindergartens, and primary and secondary schools. The outcome measures included the changes in percentages of seating position (e.g., front vs. rear), whether sitting on lap, and use of child restraint systems (CRS) or seat belts by year and by age group. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to address the study aims. Results A total of 9858 commuting children aged 17 and younger were observed in passenger cars in Shantou, China during the study. The proportion of children aged 0–5 sitting on adult’s lap decreased from 26.6% in 2012 to 24.6% in 2017, while the proportion of CRS use among the children sitting in the rear row increased among children aged 0–5 (from 0.7% in 2012 to 14.2% in 2017) and children aged 6–11 (from 0.7% in 2012 to 2.4% in 2017). Comparing children aged 0–11 in 2012, children in the same ages were less likely to sit in the front row in 2015 (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.37, 0.48) and in 2017 (OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.23, 0.31). Children aged 0–11 were more likely to sit in the rear row with CRS use in 2015 (OR = 8.50, 95%CI = 5.44, 13.28) and in 2017 (OR = 10.95, 95%CI = 7.02, 17.08) comparing with children in the same ages in 2012. As for children aged 12–17, they were more likely to use seat belt in 2017 (OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.06, 1.85) compared with those children in 2012. Conclusions While child passenger safety behaviors improved from 2012 to 2017 in Shantou, China, more efforts are needed to protect child passengers from injuries.

Abstract A train collision accident will cause many casualties, so the passive safety protection of the train occupants is very important. The purpose of this article is to obtain recommendations on the research directions of train passenger safety by comparing the passive safety protection of passengers in the fields of automobiles and trains. First, we analyse the collision standards and regulations of automobiles and trains and summarize the content related to the passive safety protection of occupants. Then, based on an extensive literature review, the development status of passive safety protection for automobiles and trains is analysed from three aspects: interior, human characteristics and passenger posture. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations on passive safety protection of train passengers are put forward. The protection method provided by automobile interiors is mainly restraints, while in trains it is mainly separation. For human characteristics, in addition to male and female, the elderly, obese and children are also studied in the automobile. As for posture, the automobile mainly focuses on the posture in reality and future automated vehicles, while in train, there is more research on lateral passengers and standing passengers. Although the protection of automobiles and trains is different, for the passive safety protection of train passengers, the design of automobile interiors can be used for reference to reduce passenger injuries. In addition, human characteristics and posture have a great impact on passenger injury, which should be considered in the passive safety protection of trains.

Child safety seat use reduces the risk of fatal injury by 71% for infants and 54% for toddlers, yet more than one-third of child passengers killed in traffic crashes in the US are unrestrained. Nearly half (47%) of crash injuries occur within 5 miles of the injured person’s home. Mapping the location of motor vehicle crashes resulting in serious or fatal injury to unrestrained child passengers may pinpoint high-risk neighborhoods. Illinois Department of Transportation data were used to map crashes that resulted in a fatal or incapacitating injury to a child passenger (age 0 to 8) in Cook County, IL from 2011 to 2015. Maptitude® Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to identify hot spots of unrestrained child passenger injury on the South Side and West Side of Chicago. Of 174 zip codes in Cook County, 3 zip codes on the South Side of Chicago (60620, 60621; 60628) accounted for 11% of the total unrestrained fatalities and incapacitating injuries among children. Results of this study reveal the feasibility of detecting geographic disparities in child passenger safety at the zip code and neighborhood level and indicate the potential for more targeted allocation of resources.

This work is a logical continuation of studies presented in the author’s previous publications [1,2,3] on establishing the analytical application features of the developed methodology for simulating natural tests in accordance with UN/ECE Regulation No. 66. [4], as well as evaluating the identity between calculated and experimental results of checking the reserve of cabin space. The relevance of the proposed methodology is primarily related to the need to comply with the requirements of the current Regulation regarding the level of passive safety of passengers in the cabin during the certification of buses: a real-life approach to testing is conducted with a series of crash tests, which lead to the inevitable destruction of the bus body frame. We would like to remind that the specific weight of the body cost in the total cost of the bus, depending on its type, can reach up to 50% of its price, which leads to exorbitant costs during the certification of road prototypes before the start of their commercial operation.

Ride-sourcing services are increasingly popular since they were first introduced in the last decade. Particularly in developing countries where public transport systems have received less investment, ride-sourcing services are considered to be an informal form of public transport and have become an indispensable part of the transport systems. This study aims to construct and validate an integrated framework to explore the direct and indirect relationships between four constructs (perceived service quality, perceived safety, involvement and satisfaction) and passengers’ loyalty in the context of ride-sourcing services. By using data from a survey conducted in Vietnam from November to December 2018, partial least squares-structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the conceptualised model. The findings show that perceived service quality, involvement and satisfaction are found to be good predictors of passengers’ loyalty to ride-sourcing services while the direct relationship between perceived safety and loyalty has not been confirmed. However, involvement is found to fully mediate the causal link from perceived safety to loyalty. The research results should help ride-sourcing firms increase their financial performance and assist authorities to develop policies and regulations for ensuring passengers’ safety.

In this century there are more vehicle collisions are taking place and many humans are dying in these collisions or getting badly injuries in these collisions because of lack lo carrying of helmet on their heads. So many can survive the vehicle collisions by having the right safety system or helmet with them. The people in the society are neglecting the rules which causes the accidents. The concept that we are proposing will help to reduce the vehicle collisions comparing to the previous year’s statistics which helps to reduce the vehicle collision rate drastically than compared to last year’s survey and helps the riders for having more safer rides than the normal ones. The project consists of circuit that helps in a way that vehicle is not going to start until the rider wears the safety system on his head, after wearing the safety system the RF waves are sent then they are detected by the receiver on the kindling then the rider’s vehicle is on. This rider safety system helps the users to ensure more safety and helps in minimizing the vehicle collisions on roads and provides enhanced safety to the public.

The 9–11 attacks in 2001 were the most notorious airline safety breaches to ever occur in airline history. This attack stunned America’s airline industry and government, causing both to realize how ill equipped they were to deal with the terrorist attacks that impacted New York and Washington, D.C. This tragedy triggered psychological, social, economic, and political implications that propelled various reform strategies. Responding swiftly to the 9–11 tragedy, the government created the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which implemented more invasive security procedures. As a result, some travelers are less attracted to flight travel. This paper explores whether safety procedures actually make individuals feel safer. Furthermore, smiling customer service ameliorates the negative attitude that some have towards airline safety. Responses from more than 100 travelers reveal their opinions on current safety in the skies. Results indicate that smiling customer service mitigates safety perceptions about airline travel for research participants, and younger travelers feel safer than older travelers.

The crash box can protect the safety of passengers when a car collides. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, honeycomb structure can be applied to automotive crash boxes. Two kinds of crash boxes made of regular hexagonal honeycomb structure and re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb are designed. The research results indicate that, compared to the crash box made of hexagonal honeycombs, the crash boxes made of re-entrant hexagonal honeycombs have superior energy absorption ability. Furthermore, the influence of different structural parameters on the energy absorption performance (EAP) of the crash box made of re-entrant hexagonal honeycombs is analyzed. It is found that the total energy absorption and peak force increase with the increase of thickness and concave angle. The research in this article provides certain reference significance for the design of honeycomb structure crash boxes.

This article reviews five decades of English and French literature on transit safety in several major databases, with the focus on Scopus and ScienceDirect. The review explores the nature and frequency of transit crime and passengers’ safety perceptions in transport nodes and along the trip using bibliometric analysis and a systematic review of the literature. The number of retrieved documents was 3137, and 245 were selected for in-depth analysis. Transit safety as a research area took off after the mid-1990s and peaked after the 2010s. The body of research is dominated by the English-language literature (mostly large cities), with a focus on the safety of rail-bound environments and examples of interventions to improve actual and perceived safety for public transportation (PT) users. Highlighting the importance of transit environments along the whole trip, the article also helps advocate for more inclusion of passengers’ safety needs and the involvement of multiple stakeholders in implementing PT policies.

Road surface defects are crucial problems for safe and smooth traffic flow. Due to climate changes, low quality of construction material, large flow of traffic, and heavy vehicles, road surface anomalies are increasing rapidly. Detection and repairing of these defects are necessary for the safety of drivers, passengers, and vehicles from mechanical faults. In this modern era, autonomous vehicles are an active research area that controls itself with the help of in-vehicle sensors without human commands, especially after the emergence of deep learning (DNN) techniques. A combination of sensors and DNN techniques can be useful for unmanned vehicles for the perception of their surroundings for the detection of tracks and obstacles for smooth traveling based on the deployment of artificial intelligence in vehicles. One of the biggest challenges for autonomous vehicles is to avoid the critical road defects that may lead to dangerous situations. To solve the accident issues and share emergency information, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) introduced the concept of vehicular network termed as vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for achieving security and safety in a traffic flow. A novel mechanism is proposed for the automatic detection of road anomalies by autonomous vehicles and providing road information to upcoming vehicles based on Edge AI and VANET. Road images captured via camera and deployment of the trained model for road anomaly detection in a vehicle could help to reduce the accident rate and risk of hazards on poor road conditions. The techniques Residual Convolutional Neural Network (ResNet-18) and Visual Geometry Group (VGG-11) are applied for the automatic detection and classification of the road with anomalies such as a pothole, bump, crack, and plain roads without anomalies using the dataset from different online sources. The results show that the applied models performed well than other techniques used for road anomalies identification.