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This article is concerned with the learning style adopted by Asian students who come from a Confucian heritage culture (CHC) such countries as China, Vietnam, Singapore, Korea and Japan are considered countries with Confucian heritage culture (Phuong-Mai et al. 2005 ). These students are generally viewed as typically passive, unwilling to ask questions or speak up in class and often based on memorising rather than understanding knowledge delivered by teachers. This learning style is claimed to be shaped by the CHC in Asian countries and receives massive criticism in the literature. This article aims to challenge this criticism of the passive learning style adopted by Asian students who come from the CHC. By conducting in-depth interviews with 10 Asian students from the CHC currently studying tertiary education in Australia, this article addresses the confusion between passive learning style and CHC, between memorising and understanding and between quietness and passiveness. Finally, if passiveness of Asian students is indeed observed in both Asian CHC countries and English-speaking countries, it is more because of situation-specific factors of teaching methodologies, learning requirements, learning habits and language proficiency rather than cultural factors.

Background Antipsychotic drugs are widely used for the treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), despite their limited efficacy and concerns about safety. The aim of this study was to describe antipsychotic drug therapy among people with dementia living in specialized care units in northern Sweden. Methods This study was conducted in 40 specialized care units in northern Sweden, with a total study population of 344 people with dementia. The study population was described in regard to antipsychotic drug use, ADL function, cognitive function and BPSD, using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS). These data were collected at baseline and six months later. Detailed data about antipsychotic prescribing were collected from prescription records. Results This study showed that 132 persons (38%) in the study population used antipsychotic drugs at the start of the study. Of these, 52/132 (39%) had prescriptions that followed national guidelines with regard to dose and substance. After six months, there were 111 of 132 persons left because of deaths and dropouts. Of these 111 people, 80 (72%) were still being treated with antipsychotics, 63/111 (57%) with the same dose. People who exhibited aggressive behavior (OR: 1.980, CI: 1.515-2.588), or passiveness (OR: 1.548, CI: 1.150-2.083), or had mild cognitive impairment (OR: 2.284 CI: 1.046-4.988), were at increased risk of being prescribed antipsychotics. Conclusion The prevalence of antipsychotic drug use among people with dementia living in specialized care units was high and inappropriate long-term use of antipsychotic drugs was common.

With the development of information technology, designing urban experience faces an unprecedented challenge: the combination of cyber information and physical facilities. Cyber-Physical Social System (CPSS) forms the connection between virtual and physical objects, public and private, activeness and passiveness, leading an innovative way to explore human-centred design practice in the context of city and community. The challenges faced by urban communities and extend the design practice of SPSS in combination with public participation community design and Living Lab method. Through three practical cases and related evaluation feedbacks, this study presents a Cyber-Physical Public Design (CPPD) model of a human city. The CPPD model is constructed based on CPSS with the human-centred concept. By combining physical touch points with virtual information world, it is possible to collect data on residents’ lives and improve the city's public facilities and space design, rebuild the urban communities to better meet the needs of the public.

The method of suicide attempt is related to motivational processes and the psycho(patho)logical mechanisms and traits of an individual. Indirect self-destructiveness is related to direct self-destructiveness. It is presumed that it can transform to the latter thus leading to suicide attempts or death by suicide. The study objective was to examine the relationship between individual manifestations of indirect self-destructiveness and the methods of suicide attempt as well as to explore the indirect predictors of particular suicide methods. The study was conducted among 147 persons (114 females, 33 males) who attempted suicide. The research instrument was the Polish version of the “Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale” (CS-DS), including Transgression and Risk, Poor Health Maintenance, Personal and Social Neglects, Lack of Planfulness, and Helplessness and Passiveness in the face of problems. Correlation and regression analyses were applied. A number of statistically significant correlations were found between indirect self-destructiveness, or its manifestations, and the methods of suicide attempt. Moreover, the particular categories of indirect self-destructive behaviour were found to largely determine the choice of the method of suicide attempt. Among these categories, the strongest predictor appeared to be Helplessness and Passiveness in the face of problems. The method of suicide attempt is a variable related to psychosocial determinants of suicidal behaviour. The findings of this study may prove useful in the design and implementation of therapeutic activities focused on persons who attempted suicide. Recognising the particular manifestations of indirect self-destructive behaviours of an attempter can guide implementation of therapeutic measures, for him/her e.g. via strengthening coping skills and eliminating risk factors for self-harm.

We develop a simple model that describes individuals' self-assessments of their abilities. We assume that individuals learn about their abilities from appraisals of others and experience. Our model predicts that if communication is imperfect, then (i) appraisals of others tend to be too positive and (ii) overconfidence leading to too much activism is more likely than underconfidence leading to too much passivity. The predictions of our model are consistent with findings in the social psychological literature.

This paper examines three popular and important books on spirituality in business: Mitroff and Denton's A Spiritual Audit of Corporte America, Nash and McLennan's Church on Sunday, Work on Monday, and Lerner's Spirit Matters. Interestingly, none of these books can find satisfactory examples of legitimate spirituality in business. This paper suggests that one reason these authors can not find acceptable models of spirituality in business is that they are all employing an unnecessarily restrictive definition of spirituality. The paper concludes by suggesting that a definition of spirituality based on John Dewey's pragmatist philosophy is more appropriate for today's businesses.

This text is based on a staged dialogue conceived by Alice Lagaay and Juliane Schiffers, which closed the conference ‘How not to speak’ ( Wie nicht sprechen ) at the Centre Marc Bloch in Berlin on 22 April. Critical comments and questions emerging from the discussion that took place on that day are reflected in ‘Voice Off’.

Refusal to acting in adolescence: a \"negative subjective reaction?\". We study the issue of psychological violence in adolescence, in certain pathologies of the act, particularly the clinical situations marked by the negative of that register: the radical refusal to acting. This is manifested in the delay in entering adulthood, in the withdrawal behavior of certain adolescents who seem to \"resist\" overcoming the adolescent condition. In spite of the apparent contradiction, we place the \"resource to the act\" and the \"refusal to acting\" in the clinical field of the pathologies of the act: the ego acts in an extreme defense, which in its basis has the insistence of a traumatic dimension of passiveness in front of the drive.

Raises questions about the representability of the trauma of rape and the purposes of its representation. Focuses on how the strategic enactment of a culturally dominant rape script can potentially open up a gap within which that script can be contested and the act of rape or death resisted. Discusses pedagogical challenges of teaching the literature of trauma and survival. (SC)