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Pasteurella multocida is a pathogen that causes bovine respiratory disease, and the development of an effective vaccine is important for improving animal health. Live-attenuated vaccines induce a long-lasting immune response with minimal side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential live vaccine candidates from three P. multocida mutants produced by separately disrupting the genes of filamentous hemagglutinin 2 ( fhaB2 ) , hydrogenase-1 operon ( hyaE ) , and n-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase ( nanP ) of a serogroup 3 strain (P1062, WT) by clinical testing and transcriptome analysis. Challenge with WT and the three mutants conferred protection against P. multocida , with less lung lesions (4.7–6.2%) compared to 22.4% in the sham group. Transcriptome analysis identified 807 differentially expressed protein-coding transcripts (DETs) in the blood and 6473 DETs in the liver compared to the sham, WT, and each of the mutants. In total, 15 and 64 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and 12 and 74 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified in blood and liver, respectively. The DEmiRNAs were not significantly associated with the DETs within each comparison. DElncRNAs were associated with 12 and 170 DETs in blood and liver respectively. The greatest number of unique DETs were found between hyaE and sham groups in the liver, which agreed with the low colonization rate in the nares and palatine tonsils. For the DETs between sham and WT the under-enriched gene ontology terms in blood were all included in the liver for the DETs identified by WT vs. sham, nanP vs. sham, and hyaE vs. sham, and were related to the signaling pathway, stimulus, and sensory perceptions in biological processes with the molecular function of olfactory receptor activity. The number of identified DETs, decreased percentage of lung lesions, and colonization rates indicate that fhaB2 could be a promising vaccine candidate.

Background Hemorrhagic septicemia is a highly fatal disease of cattle caused by the bacteria; Pasteurella multocida serotypes B and E in Asia and Africa respectively. Even though the capsular serotype E is considered to be the common cause of Hemorrhagic septicemia in Africa, there is not enough evidence that other serotypes are not involved. Furthermore, the serotypes currently circulating in South West Ethiopia have not been identified. This study was carried out to identify circulating capsular serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and assess its antimicrobial resistance on hemorrhagic Septicemic cattle through bacterial isolation, molecular identifications, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests in Keffa and Bench Sheko Zones of South West Ethiopia Peoples’ Regional State. Results The bacteriological analysis from 45 purposively collected nasopharyngeal swab samples of hemorrhagic Septicemic cattle revealed that 12 (26.7%) isolates were identified as Pasteurella multocida. Similarly, the molecular analysis of these isolates revealed all twelve (12) isolates were confirmed to be Pasteurella multocida. On further capsular typing, serotype B ( n  = 5, 41.6%) and E ( n  = 5, 41.6%) were the confirmed circulating strains in the area while two ( n  = 2, 16.6%) isolates formed non-specific bands. All the Pasteurella multocida isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%), Oxytetracycline (91.7%), and Streptomycin (75%). However, all the isolates showed multidrug resistance (100%), to four antibiotics “Ampicillin, Clindamycin, Penicillin-G, and Vancomycin”. Conclusions Molecular analysis of the study isolates confirmed serotypes B and E as the etiology for Hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle in the study area. A multivalent vaccine comprising serotypes B and E is recommended to prevent outbreaks along with early treatment of suspected cases during the pyretic stage using antibiotics that are effective against the strains.

Background Pasteurella multocida causes progressive atrophic rhinitis and suppurative bronchopneumonia in pigs, which results in severe economic losses in swine industry. This study aimed to determine the serovar, genotype and prevalence of toxA virulence gene of Pasteurella multocida isolates collected in Taiwan. A total of 164 Pasteurella multocida isolates from 161 diseased pigs were characterized by serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the presence of virulence gene ( toxA ) and antibiotic resistance gene ( floR ). Results The majority of Pasteurella multocida strains were serovar D:L6 (48.2%; 79/164) followed by A:L6 (28.7%; 47/164) and A:L3 (19.5%; 32/164). More than 80% of strains carrying toxA gene belonged to serovar A:L6 (82.6%; 19/23). The MLST data showed five sequence types (STs), where multi-host ST10 was the most dominant. Most Pasteurella multocida strains of multi-host ST10 were serovar A:L6 (93.9%; 31/33), which suggested that STs were highly associated with specific serovars. Most of the floR -carrying Pasteurella multocida strains belonged to serovar D:L6 with significantly high resistance to some antimicrobial agents, especially florfenicol. Conclusions This study demonstrated that serovar D:L6 and multi-host ST10 was the most prevalent Pasteurella multocida strain in Taiwan. A:L6 accounted for the majority of tox A-positive strains and the presence of  floR gene may be responsible for the antimicrobial resistance to florfenicol.

The zoonotic bacterium Pasteurella multocida infects a wide range of animals worldwide. While the genetic diversity of this pathogen is well described in production animals, it remains underexplored in companion animals. In Australia, most P. multocida genomes come from commercial poultry. Here, 59 P. multocida clinical isolates obtained from Australian pets, (cats, dogs, rabbits), farm animals (birds, ruminants, porcine) and captive wildlife (Quolls, Serval) between 2006 and 2023 were sequenced and compared to 523 representative RefSeq genomes. Clustering and phylogenomic analyses placed 24/25 Australian pet isolates in a long-branched clade containing several MLST profiles (ST36, ST37, ST171, ST359, ST451 and ST527) also found in human isolates. Genotypes associated with Australian production animals (e.g., ST8, ST9 and ST20 from poultry, ST79 and ST394 from cattle) fell in the main branch of the tree. Minimum spanning tree and SNP analyses suggested several occurrences of cross-species transmission. Mobile genetic elements were found across the P. multocida population, without clustering into any specific phylogenetic, host, or geographic group. However, a 1.8 kb cryptic plasmid (Acc. U51470), previously described in Pasteurella canis strains from South Korea, was detected in 99/289 (34.3%) Australian P. multocida isolates from various hosts, while being largely absent from the rest of the world. Antimicrobial resistance was not detected in the isolates from Australian companion animals and captive wildlife. However, resistances to tetracyclines in bovine isolates (2/10) and ampicillin in avian (1/17) isolates were identified. This study greatly expands our insights on the diversity of P. multocida genomes from Australian companion animals and provides the basis for wider investigations on the molecular epidemiology and diversity of this pathogen, with potential applications to better understand the zoonotic risks associated with this pathogen.

Pasteurella aerogenes has been implicated in reproductive disorders in sows, yet its prevalence and characteristics in vaginal discharge are not well understood. This study aimed to detect P . aerogenes in sow vaginal discharge samples and investigate its antibiotic resistance profile, toxin genes, and toxicity. P . aerogenes was isolated from 40% (8/20) of samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed universal resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (4:1), with 87.5% of isolates also resistant to oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and enrofloxacin. The colistin resistance gene mcr - 2 was detected in 75% of isolates, while class 1 integron ( int1 ) was found in 12.5%. The pax toxin gene cluster was present in 75% of isolates. Toxicity assays using Panagrellus redivivus demonstrated dose-dependent effects of P . aerogenes supernatant containing pax toxins. This study represents the first report of P . aerogenes isolation from sow vaginal discharge in Thailand. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, presence of the mcr-2 gene, and toxicity of pax toxin-positive isolates suggest that P . aerogenes may be an underestimated factor in swine reproductive health. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the role of P . aerogenes in sow reproductive disorders and its potential impact on swine production.

Pasteurella multocida is incriminated in fowl cholera in poultry and snuffles in rabbits, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, kmt 1 gene sequencing, antibiogram, pathogenicity, and PCR detection of the virulence and resistance genes of P. multocida recovered from chickens, ducks, and rabbits. Approximately 150 samples were collected from diseased chickens, ducks, and rabbits (50 for each) from commercial farms in Ismailia government, Egypt. The collected samples were bacteriologically examined, and the recovered isolates were subsequently subjected to kmt 1 gene sequencing, antibiogram, pathogenicity test, and PCR-based detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The overall prevalence of P. multocida was 20% (30/150). The highest prevalence was recorded in rabbits (24%; 12/50), followed by ducks (20%; 10/50) and chickens (16%; 8/50). The lung was the most predominant infected organ. Moreover, the kmt 1 phylogenetic analysis emphasized that the tested P. multocida strains presented remarkable genetic identity with other P. multocida strains from the USA, Denmark, China, India, and Iran. Chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin exhibited promising results in treating P. multocida . Moreover, the prevalence of oma 87, ptf A, lux S, tad G, and nan B virulence genes was 100%, 86.7%, 76.6%, 73.3%, and 56.7% respectively. Herein, 13.3% of the tested strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to 5 antibiotic classes and carried bla ROB−1 and tet H genes. Besides, 10% of the tested P. multocida strains were extensively drug resistant (XDR) to 7 antibiotic classes and harbored the bla ROB−1 , tet H, and erm X genes. Moreover, 10% of the recovered P. multocida strains were MDR to 5 antibiotic classes and had tet H and erm X genes. Pathogenicity test revealed that the mortality rate was 20% at 1 day post-infection, reaching its highest point (100%) at 2 days post-infection. Briefly, this study highlights the occurrence of MDR and XDR P. multocida in domestic birds and rabbits, revealing a public health threat. The oma 87, ptf A, luxS , and tad G virulence genes and the bla ROB−1 , tet H, and erm X antibiotic resistance genes are usually associated with emerging MDR P . multocida strains.

Background There is limited data regarding the sources of human Pasteurella multocida infection, characteristics of infected populations, and the antibiotic resistance patterns of human strains. Methods Through the multi-database platforms, we conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of 482 reported cases of Pasteurella multocida from the world since from 1964 to 2023, including the sources of infection, sex and age distribution of infected individuals, and the clinical manifestations of infection in different age groups. Additionally, we evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of different strains of the bacterium. Results P. multocida infection is mainly involved in infants and the elderly population, and it is closely related to animal exposure (cats 54.1%, dogs 29%), especially cat-related infections in adults and older are significantly more common than in children ( P  = 0.005, P  < 0.001). Infection with P. multocida can cause local redness of the skin and soft tissue (11.6%), and also progress to systemic infection, like central nervous system (14.5%), especially in children, Cardiovascular system (29.3%), respiratory system (21.4%), digestive system (12.9%), urogenital system (2.9%) and bone and joint infections (5%). In terms of treatment, first-line treatment is priority to with penicillin. However there are also resistance to Penicillins and β-lactam antibiotics (18 cases were reported), and strains derived from wounds, blood and respiratory tract are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Conclusion P. multocida primarily causes infections through cats and dogs in different age groups, leading to various clinical manifestations and outcomes. It is generally sensitive to penicillin antibiotics but exhibits varying resistance among strains of different clinical origins. Studying these aspects is crucial to raise awareness about preventing P. multocida infections and to standardize clinical treatment approaches.

Background. Pasteurella species are frequently encountered as serious diseases in small ruminants. It is the main cause of respiratory pasteurellosis in sheep and goats of all age groups. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia, to isolate and identify Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica and estimate their prevalence, associated risk factors, and antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates in small ruminants using a purposive sampling method. A total of 384 samples (156 nasal swabs from clinic cases and 228 lung swabs from abattoir cases) were collected. STATA 14 software was used to analyze the data. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess an association of risk factors. Results. Out of the 384 samples examined, 164 were positive for pasteurellosis, resulting in a 42.70% prevalence. Similarly, 63 (38.4%) of the 164 positive results were from nasal swabs, while 101 (61.6%) came from lung samples. M. haemolytica accounted for 126 (76.82%) of the isolates, while P. multocida accounted for 38 (23.17%). Of the 63 nasal swab isolates, 33 (37%) were from goats and 30 (42.8%) were from sheep. And 17 (10.89%) and 46 (29.58%), respectively, were P. multocida and M. haemolytica. Of the 46 (40%) of the 101 (44.3%) isolates of the pneumonic lung, samples were from goats, while 55 (48.47%) were from sheep. In this study, the risk factors (species, age, and body condition score) were found to be significant (p<0.05). Pasteurella isolates evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility were highly resistant to oxacillin (90.90%), followed by gentamycin (72.72%), and penicillin (63.63%). However, the isolates were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol (90.90%), followed by tetracycline (63.63%), and ampicillin (54.54%). Conclusion. This study showed that M. haemolytica and P. multocida are the common causes of mannheimiosis and pasteurellosis in small ruminants, respectively, and isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the study area. Thus, an integrated vaccination strategy, antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and avoidance of stress-inducing factors are recommended.

BACKGROUND: Sheep constitute the second major component of livestock in Ethiopia. However, efficient utilization of this potential resource is hampered by combination of health problems, poor management and feed shortage. Haramaya district is one of the remote settings in Ethiopia where information about the livestock disease is not well documented. Hence this study was conducted to determine the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial Pasteurella isolates among pneumonic ovine in Haramaya district, Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia. RESULTS: Out of 256 samples examined, Pasterurella was isolated in 64 (25%), of which 38 (59.4%) were from lungs and 26 (40.6%) were from nasal cavities. 87.5% of the isolates were Mannheimia haemolytica and 12.5% were Pasteurella multocida. All of the isolates from the lungs were Mannheimia haemolytica whereas 69% of the isolates from nasals cavities were Mannheimia haemolytica. Age and body temperature were significantly associated with Pasteurella isolates from clinic (P < 0.05). Despite diverse in the site of origins, the isolates exhibited uniformity in sensitivity to a majority of the antibacterial agents. The most effective drug was Cholramphenicol (100%) followed by Sulfamethoxazole (89.1%) and Tetracycline (84.4%). Both species were completely resistant to Gentamycin and Vancomycin. CONCLUSION: Mannheimia haemolytica is the most common cause of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis in the study area. The isolates were susceptible to limited antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the antimicrobial susceptibility test should be conducted before treatment, except for critical cases.

Pasteurella bettyae is a gram-negative bacillus sporadically involved in human infections; its main reservoirs are cats and dogs. A recent publication suggests the possibility of sexual transmission leading to genital infections in men who have sex with men. We report 9 cases in France of genital infection among this population.