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Kash Patel spoke at President Donald Trump's inauguration celebration at Capital One Arena on Jan. 20.

Kash Patel, President-elect Donald Trump’s pick to run the FBI, has in the past called for criminal investigations of individuals who were involved in Trump probes. The list includes members of Congress, the former directors of the FBI and CIA, and police officers.

National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Objectives This study set out to compare the mechanical behavior of graphene and zirconia in the context of their potential use in fixed dental prostheses. Specifically, we evaluated three critical properties: Rockwell hardness, to understand surface durability; compressive strength, to assess resistance to biting forces; and flexural strength, to examine performance under bending stress. To approximate real-world conditions, all samples were subjected to thermocycling, simulating the thermal changes typical of the oral cavity. The goal was to explore whether graphene could serve as a viable alternative to zirconia in restorative applications. Methods A systematic in vitro protocol was followed. Standardized specimens of graphene and zirconia were fabricated and subjected to 30,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. Mechanical tests were conducted using a universal testing machine. Rockwell hardness was measured using a standard durometer, while compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated through load-to-failure testing. Data were statistically analyzed using independent-sample t-tests, with significance defined at p<0.05. Results Zirconia showed markedly higher compressive strength compared to graphene, making it better suited for high-load areas of the mouth. Interestingly, the two materials performed similarly in Rockwell hardness, suggesting comparable surface durability. Flexural strength results were also close, with no significant difference, indicating that graphene may perform well under bending or tensile forces. These outcomes reaffirm zirconia's status as a robust material for prosthodontics while also opening the door for graphene as a lightweight, structurally capable alternative. Conclusion While zirconia continues to outperform in terms of compressive strength, graphene demonstrates meaningful potential due to its comparable flexural strength and hardness, along with the added advantage of being significantly lighter. These findings support further investigation into graphene's role in restorative dentistry, especially in cases where weight, design complexity, or aesthetics demand alternative materials. Future research should explore its biocompatibility, long-term performance, and integration with current dental systems.

In May 2022 the national nonprofit Interfaith Youth Core, which focused on interfaith training in colleges and universities, was rebranded to become Interfaith America. The new organization's goal is to birth the United States as an inclusive interfaith, multiracial, and multiethnic nation. This article employs American civil religion as a lens to explore how Interfaith America's promotional materials, released during the launch, make the case for the organization's values and mission. At a moment of political and cultural crisis over the unity and promise of the nation, Interfaith America upholds the idea of American exceptional pluralism and invokes interfaith and interracial cooperation as pathways towards a transformed and newly unified body politic. To imagine this transformation, promotional materials make diversity visible as a signifier of pluralist hopes of redemption. Drawing specifically on critiques of American civil religion centered on race, I unpack the religio-racial logics underlying Interfaith America's framing of interreligious cooperation as an exercise in nation-building. I highlight in particular the academy's ambivalent and ongoing role in Interfaith America's success and the complex flows of social and financial capital that locate Interfaith America's enterprise in a broader (neo)liberal cultural landscape. Resumen: En mayo de 2022, la organización nacional sin fines lucro, se llama Interfaith Youth Core, dedicada a el entrenamiento interreligiosa en colegios universitarios y universidades, cambió su nombre a Interfaith America. El objetivo de la nueva organización es fomentar el surgimiento de los Estados Unidos como una nación interreligiosa, multirracial y multiétnica inclusiva. Este articulo utiliza la religión civil estadounidense como lente para explorar cómo los materiales promocionales de Interfaith America, publicados durante su lanzamiento, defienden los valores y la misión de la organización. En un momento de crisis política y cultural sobre la unidad y promesa de la nación, Interfaith America mantiene la idea del pluralismo excepcional en los EE. UU. e invoca la cooperación interreligiosa e interracial como senderos hacia un cuerpo político transformado y recién unificado. Para imaginar esta transformación, los materiales promociónales visibilizan la diversidad como símbolo de esperanzas pluralistas de redención. Basándose en críticas de religión civil estadounidense se centra en raza, este artículo explora las lógicas religiosoraciales que subyacen la concepción que Interfaith America hace de la cooperación interreligiosa como un ejercicio en la desarrolla nacional. Destaco, en particular, el papel ambivalente y continuo de la academia en el éxito de Interfaith America y los flujos complejos de capital social y económico que sitúan la empresa de Interfaith America en un panorama cultural (neo)liberal más amplio.

Abstract Global mental health expertise favors biomedical explanations of mental disorders that conceive such disorders as stable entities, which can be diagnosed according to universal categories. Following this logic, universal and standardized solutions can also be applied throughout the world, regardless of context. Despite its assumptions and data being contested within the field of psychiatry itself, global mental health expertise has been highly stable. How is such expertise produced? Through what mechanisms are its products, such as reports, studies, or numbers, made and replicated? The article proposes a model of expertise production in global governance that discloses specific mechanisms of circularity and exclusivity in knowledge-making processes, which result in the circular and exclusive character of expertise itself. These include the circulation of profesionals and data across spheres and organizations, as well as the role played by several sites such as boundary expert groups, influential research clusters, and “policy-scientific” journals, which operate as powerful centers of knowledge production at the intersection of the policy, scientific or private spheres. Such sites not only act as loci where people's circulation operates at its best but also as autonomous mechanisms that produce, cement, and perpetuate the circularity and exclusivity of expertise beyond the role of specific individuals.