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Information security and data breaches are perhaps the biggest challenges that global businesses face in the digital economy. Although data breaches can cause significant harm to users, businesses, and society, there is significant individual and national variation in people’s responses to data breaches across markets. This research investigates power distance as an antecedent of people’s divergent reactions to data breaches. Eight studies using archival, correlational, and experimental methods find that high power distance makes users more willing to continue patronizing a business after a data breach (Studies 1–3). This is because they are more likely to believe that the business, not they themselves, owns the compromised data (Studies 4–5A) and, hence, do not reduce their transactions with the business. Making people believe that they (not the business) own the shared data attenuates this effect (Study 5B). Study 6 provides additional evidence for the underlying mechanism. Finally, Study 7 shows that high uncertainty avoidance acts as a moderator that mitigates the effect of power distance on willingness to continue patronizing a business after a data breach. Theoretical contributions to the international business literature and practitioner and policy insights are discussed.

The aim of the present study is to present a new research model which includes both extrinsic and intrinsic determinants that influence Pokémon-Go robot users’ behavioral intention to patronize hospitality firms that draw visitors with Pokémons. Pokémon-Go Robot uses Augmented Reality technology in this study. Survey data collected from 261 usable questionnaires were tested against the research model using the structural equation modeling approach. The results present that all the proposed variables were found to be critical factors significantly influencing Pokémon-Go robot users’ patronizing intention. The application area of proposed theoretical model is new; very sparse research has been undertaken on exploring Pokémon-Go robot users’ intentions toward visiting hospitality firms attracting guests by virtual monsters. The present study mainly contributes to an understanding of the factors that actually influence Pokémon-Go robot users’ intention to patronize hospitality firms using virtual monsters to boost their sales.

Background Approximately half of people with dementia are undiagnosed, yet little is known about patient responses to real‐world screening for dementia in primary care. As part of a pragmatic trial, we evaluated patient‐reported acceptability and satisfaction with a primary care‐based, targeted cognitive screening visit. Method Study sites were Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) healthcare systems. Participants identified as high‐risk for having undiagnosed dementia were invited for a “brain health” visit that assessed independence in daily activities, depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. Participants were encouraged to include a care partner at the visit. Afterward, participants were given a post‐visit evaluation survey that included structured and open‐ended questions about visit satisfaction. Using a mixed methods approach, proportions of “agree” responses were calculated for structured questions, and free text responses were analyzed using Rapid Group Analysis Process (Rap‐GAP). Result N = 426 (n = 327/64.6% KPWA, n = 99/50.3% UCSF) completed a post‐visit survey. KPWA survey respondents were 43% female, 91% Non‐Hispanic White, and 71% had a college degree or higher; UCSF respondents were 52% female, 66% Non‐Hispanic White, and 76% had a college degree or higher. Based on the visit, 13% of respondents were referred to their PCP for follow‐up regarding memory concerns. From structured questions (Figure), >90% of participants reported they felt comfortable discussing brain health and found the visit helpful for understanding their current brain health. Qualitative themes (Table) confirmed these positive findings, but also surfaced some important critiques. Participant concerns included not understanding the next steps recommended for cognitive evaluation, highlighting the need to share next steps clearly and, when appropriate, to share summary recommendations with a care partner directly. Few participants reported feeling upset by the visit (∼11% of participants). Qualitative themes suggested that when upset occurred, reasons included concern about their results, perceptions that the assessment of their functioning might be inaccurate due to hearing loss or difficulty understanding the instructions, or finding questions about their daily functioning patronizing. Conclusion High‐risk patients participating in primary care‐based cognitive screening visits found them acceptable. Targeted screening approaches could provide a supportive pathway to improve dementia detection in primary care.

Praise, unlike blame, is generally considered well intended and beneficial, and therefore in less need of scrutiny. In line with recent developments, we argue that praise merits more thorough philosophical analysis. We show that, just like blame, praise can be problematic by expressing a failure to respect a person’s equal value or worth as a person. Such patronizing praise, however, is often more insidious, because praise tends to be regarded as well intended and beneficial, which renders it harder to recognize and object to. Among other things, a philosophical analysis of patronizing praise helps people on the receiving end articulate why they feel uncomfortable or offended by it, shows patronizing praisers how their praise is problematic, and provides input for further philosophical analysis of blame.In the first section of the paper, we discuss how hypocritical praise, just like hypocritical blame, can fail to respect the equality of persons by expressing that the praiser applies more demanding moral standards to the praisee than to themself. We further discuss obstructionist praise, which loosely corresponds to complicit blame, and can similarly express that certain moral standards apply to others but not to the praiser. In the second part of the paper, we discuss another variety of patronizing praise. Praise can be an inaccurate appraisal of a person based on irrelevant considerations – like race, gender, or class – and thereby constitute a failure to recognize their equal worth as a person. We identify three ways in which such praise can manifest.

This research was conducted to analyze the impact of destination service quality on the re-patronizing intention of tourists in Berastagi, North Sumatra by considering the satisfaction with the creation experience of tourists and the value of co-creation brand resonating as indirect factors that influence the re-patronizing intention of tourists. The respondents of this study were tourists who visited Berastagi from August to September 2022. The number of respondents to this study was 260 people. Data collection techniques are used in survey methods. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses SEM-PLS. The results of this study show that destination service quality has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction with creation experience, value co-creation brand resonating, and destination re-patronizing intention. In addition, satisfaction with the creation experience and value co-creation brand resonating have a significant indirect effect on destination service quality affecting destination re-patronizing intention. These results show that destination service quality is an important factor in increasing destination re-patronizing intention in Berastagi.

The objective of this article is to conceptualize affective polarization beyond partisan politics to instead analyze the ways in which women’s affective political participation is subject to toxic discipline. While a lot of focus has been placed on affective politics as mechanisms for governance, little has been done regarding affective polarization after feminist protest. In this article, we bridge two bodies of literature—affective politics and political polarization—by proposing the notion of affective polarization. We focused on the case of a series of feminist mobilizations that took place to fight back against the impunity of police violence in Mexico. We conducted a mixed-method approach that combines, on one hand, quantitative analysis of data strand tweets encompassing #EllasNoMeRepresentan (TheyDoNotRepresentMe) (N = 17,698) and #EllasSiMeRepresentan (TheyDoRepresentMe) (N = 6700) and, on the other hand, a qualitative analysis of 500 tweets of each hashtag. The results of the study revealed the existence of polarization that aims at disciplining the affective political participation of women. Almost half of our data contain negative sentiments. The toxic tweets include corrective threats, such as incitation to sexual violence, murder, hate against feminism, and patronizing discourses about how women should protest. We thus conclude that while it is true that social media has amplified feminist mobilization, it has also led to an increase of digital violence. With these findings, the article contributes to a better understanding of both feminist affective politics and its disciplining governing mechanisms in a patriarchal social media.

Depending on the chosen perspective, cryptocurrencies either constitute a unique opportunity to end national patronizing built on debt-based fiat money (currency) or a menace to a well-established financial order that ensures economic stability. A central issue in the heated debate surrounding cryptocurrencies is whether they have any intrinsic value at all. In this conceptual position paper, we briefly summarize existing standpoints and suggest three alternative propositions: (1) to avoid using the term “intrinsic value” for the valuation of cryptocurrencies, (2) to refer to the sum total of all properties that could potentially qualify them as money, and (3) to consider the amount of capital and energy that is needed to create them. These suggestions bear substantial implications for the economic classification of cryptocurrencies.

Communities are powerful and necessary agents for defining and pursuing their health, but outside organizations often adopt community health promotion approaches that are patronizing and top-down. Conversely, bottom-up approaches that build on and mobilize community health assets are often critiqued for tasking the most vulnerable and marginalized communities to use their own limited resources without real opportunities for change. Taking into consideration these community health promotion shortcomings, this article asks how communities may be most effectively and appropriately supported in pursuing their health. This article reviews how community health is understood, moving from negative to positive conceptualizations; how it is determined, moving from a risk-factor orientation to social determination; and how it is promoted, moving from top-down to bottom-up approaches. Building on these understandings, we offer the concept of ‘resourcefulness’ as an approach to strengthen positive health for communities, and we discuss how it engages with three interrelated tensions in community health promotion: resources and sustainability, interdependence and autonomy, and community diversity and inclusion. We make practical suggestions for outside organizations to apply resourcefulness as a process-based, place-based, and relational approach to community health promotion, arguing that resourcefulness can forge new pathways to sustainable and self-sustaining community positive health.

Purpose This study aims to analyze the level of Islamic finance awareness by Cameroonian small and medium-sized entrepreneurs (SMEs) on the one hand, and the effects of this awareness on the entrepreneurs’ decision to patronize (adopt) Islamic finance, on the other hand. Design/methodology/approach This study uses primary data collected from a cross-section of 1,358 SMEs in eight regions of Cameroon using self-administered structured questionnaires. The authors apply mean computation analyses and a binary logistic model to test the study hypotheses. The authors also check for endogeneity and carry out sensitivity analyses. Findings The results show that the level of Islamic finance awareness among Cameroonian SMEs can be regarded as average. Furthermore, after dividing the sample into two groups based on the religion of the entrepreneur, it is revealed that the awareness level among Muslim entrepreneurs is considered higher than that of the non-Muslims, with a below-average level of awareness, thereby underlying the place occupied by the Islamic religion as a driver of the decision to engage in the Islamic mode of finance. The application of the simple logistic model reveals that awareness enhances the adoption of Islamic finance by Cameroonian SMEs and that these effects are modulated by the Islamic religion and the educational level channels. Practical implications Policymakers and bank managers are encouraged to prioritize more consumer awareness programs as a means of promoting the adoption of Islamic finance by SMEs in Cameroon. Future research in this area should equally consider the supply-side aspects of Islamic finance such as bank managers whose perception and awareness are equally key toward ensuring a more holistic agenda for the promotion of Islamic finance services. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the awareness level of SMEs in the context of a non-Muslim-dominated sub-Saharan African country.

IntroductionKayser-Jones (1981) described infantilization as one of the four most frequent types of violence in nursing homes. Older people perceive infantilization as disrespectful and patronizing. In professionals, it can lead to protective behaviors that reduce autonomy and generate more dependency. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, the interventions are scarce and show methodological limitations.ObjectiveThis study analyzed the efficacy of a psychoeducation program for the prevention of infantilization in professionals working in nursing homes. The sample included 154 direct-care workers. The experimental group (N=111) attended a psychoeducational group intervention program while the control group (N=43) did not attend any intervention program. We assessed the infantilized practices the professionals recognized they conducted and the ones observed in the institution before and after the intervention. The intervention lasted 6 hours and included four sessions distributed in two days. These sessions aimed to reduce negative stereotypes, preventing infantilized communication patterns and the use of behaviors or practices that are frequently used with children. We also offered professionals alternative practices that recognize autonomy, decision-making and respect older adults´ dignity and uniqueness. To analyze data, we conducted Repeated measures of ANOVA and one-way ANCOVAs.Results:The scores of infantilization in the experimental group significantly decreased from pre-intervention to post-intervention in the professional, F(1, 85) = 37.184, p = .01, partial η2 = .030, and in the institution, F(1, 84) = 32.128, p = .01, partial η2 = .277, while the control group did not show any changes. There was a statistically significant difference in post-intervention between the experimental and the control group when participants scored their infantilization practices, F(1, 115) = 5.175, p = .03, partial η2 = .043, and infantilization practices observed in the institution, F(1, 115) = 5.810, p = .018, partial η2 = .048.Conclusion:These results reflect the importance of developing interventions focused on preventing infantilization, methodologically rigorous, in which professionals´ training and education are considered key pieces to generate a culture of change. More research is needed to understand this problem in greater depth to develop programs that address this problem at different levels.Funding:This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant no. PSI2016-79803-R).