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The article examines incentives for exclusive distribution of premium television programming. Static analysis shows that a vertically integrated operator with premium programming always supplies this content to the rival distributor, using per-subscriber fees to soften competition. In a dynamic setting with switching costs exclusivity confers a market share advantage, benefiting the operator in the future. Under certain conditions this future benefit outweighs the opportunity cost of forgone wholesale fees, making exclusivity the preferred choice. Alternative dynamic mechanisms are explored, identifying essential features. The analysis explains the observed incidence of content exclusivity in pay TV and provides guidance for policy makers.

Recent papers have shown that, in contrast to the long tail theory, movie sales remain concentrated in a small number of hits. These papers have argued that concentrated sales can be explained, in part, by heterogeneity in quality and increasing returns from social effects. Our research analyzes an additional explanation: how incomplete information may skew sales patterns. We use the movie broadcast on pay-cable channels as an exogenous shock to the availability of information, and analyze how this shock changes the resulting sales distribution. Our data show that the pay-cable broadcast shifts the distribution of DVD sales toward long tail movies, suggesting an information spillover from the broadcast. We develop a learning-based movie discovery model to precisely quantify the two mechanisms of movie discovery: word-of-mouth from previous sales and information spillover from broadcast. We use this model to estimate the lost DVD sales due to incomplete information. Our study contributes to the literature by analyzing how information provided in one channel can change the assortment of the same products demanded in another channel.

Broadcast Encryption (BE) is public-key encryption allowing a sender to encrypt a message by specifing recipients, and only the specified recipients can decrypt the message. In several BE applications, since the privacy of recipients allowed to access the message is often as important as the confidentiality of the message, anonymity is introduced as an additional but important security requirement for BE. Kiayias and Samari (IH 2013) presented an asymptotic lower bound on the ciphertext sizes in BE schemes satisfying anonymity (ANO-BE for short). More precisely, their lower bound is derived under the assumption that ANO-BE schemes have a special property. However, it is insufficient to show their lower bound is asymptotically tight since it is unclear whether existing ANO-BE schemes meet the special property. In this work, we derive asymptotically tight lower bounds on the ciphertext size in ANO-BE by assuming only properties that most existing ANO-BE schemes satisfy. With a similar technique, we first derive asymptoticallyqueryPlease provide MSC codes. For more details, please visit http://www.ams.org/msc/. tight lower bounds on the authenticator sizes in Anonymous Broadcast Authentication (ABA). Furthermore, we extend the above result and present (non-asymptotically) tight lower and upper bounds on thequeryPlease check and confirm the Running title. ciphertext sizes in ANO-BE. We show that a variant of ANO-BE scheme proposed by Li and Gong (ACNS 2018) is optimal. We also provide tight bounds on the authenticator sizes in ABA via the same approach as ANO-BE, and propose an optimal construction for ABA.

The year 2016 marks twenty years since the enactment of the Federal Telecommunications Act and the Telecommunications Act of Puerto Rico, both of which defined the legal framework for telecommunications and cable television in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a non-incorporated territory of the United States. This study is based on media economics and historical methods to examine the processes of globalization and concentration in the pay television market in Puerto Rico between 1996 and 2015. The article is intended to answer the following questions: What role has regulation played in the processes of globalization and concentration in the cable television market in Puerto Rico? What is the corporate profile of the leading pay television companies? What changes did the structure of the pay television market undergo? What was the state of pay television in Puerto Rico in 2015? Drawing from the state telecommunications regulator's data, the analysis' findings show a market where globalization and concentration of ownership, as economic processes, were intertwined trends, and different types of companies (e.g., U.S.-based telecommunications companies, U.S.-based financial investments companies, transnational media companies, and transnational telecommunications companies) with different television delivery systems (e.g., cable television, satellite television, Internet protocol television, over the top television). The findings also trace the business model evolution of telecommunications and cable companies through the introduction of new services such as VoIP telephony, Internet access service, Internet protocol television; the reduction in the cable television subscriber base, and ending of local companies' participation in the cable television industry. [Keywords: Puerto Rico, Pay Television, Telecommunications, Media, Cable television, Globalization]

Pay TV industry has been experiencing a considerably high growth rate in terms of revenues and subscribers Technological advancement in pay TV services industry inflicts the demands for higher service quality for competitiveness and business success. The increasing demand in pay TV service offerings has led operators to become competitive. However, limited literature on the instruments to measure service quality in the context of pay TV services is available. A thorough review of literature in service quality exposed negligible efforts to develop instrument to measure service quality in pay TV setting. Thus, through an extensive review of past literature, the present study develops an instrument to explore service quality dimensions in pay TV setting. The current study identified seven service quality dimensions in pay TV setting. These dimensions are tangibles, reliability, content quality, customer service, price, convenience and interactivity. Furthermore, reliability of these dimensions was tested through the pilot survey from 34 respondents. Results revels the value of cronbach's alpha of all dimensions were higher than 0.60, this indicates that all service quality dimensions in the context of pay TV were reliable

To guarantee the secure access by authorized subscribers in mobile pay-TV systems, user authentication is required. User authentication is a security mechanism used to verify the identity of a legal subscriber. In 2012, Yeh and Tsaur proposed an authentication scheme for access control in mobile pay-TV systems to improve the Sun and Leu’s scheme. Yeh and Tsaur claimed that their scheme meets all security requirements for mobile pay-TV systems. However, this paper indicates that Yeh and Tsaur’s scheme suffers from some critical weaknesses. An attacker without knowing secret information can successfully impersonate both mobile sets and head-end system. As a remedy, we propose an improved authentication scheme for mobile pay-TV systems using bilinear pairings. The proposed scheme maintains the merits and covers the demerits of the previous schemes, and provides a higher level of the efficiency for mobile pay-TV systems.

The advent of high-speed internet has revolutionized media consumption patterns globally, and South Africa is no exception. This study investigates the impact of increased internet availability on content streaming and its subsequent effect on traditional linear television viewership in South Africa. Using a quantitative research methodology, data was run up and analyzed from a diverse sample of South African media consumers. The study reveals a significant shift in media consumption preferences, with a majority of respondents favouring Over-The-Top (OTT) streaming services over conventional linear TV. This shift is attributed to various factors including the convenience, affordability, and extensive content libraries offered by OTT platforms. The findings suggest that as internet penetration continues to rise, traditional TV broadcasters may need to create and adapt to the changing landscape to remain relevant. This paper provides valuable insights for media companies, policymakers, and researchers interested in the evolving dynamics of media consumption in the digital age

A significant change in consumer viewing habits has taken place globally with the introduction and growth of over-the-top television services (OTT TV). In the absence of scientific evidence on television consumer behavior viewership changes, this paper's objective was to ascertain the television viewing patterns, given the rise of OTT TV services in South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a convenience sampling method. Online survey questionnaires were distributed on reputable social media networks and collected 391 responses. The study results suggest changes to TV consumption, in that more TV consumers are binge-watching and streaming content online. Furthermore, more than five hours a day are spent online consuming TV content, especially by male respondents. The sharing of OTT TV logon credentials with family and friends is prevalent across all demographic groups. The fundamental aspect of this paper is that it illuminates the rivalry between the Pay-Tv operators and OTT TV service providers while aiding the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to regulate the market.