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"Pedophilia"
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Pedophilia as a Legal Term (Criminal Pedophilia)
Introduction: in our opinion, special attention should be paid to the content of the terms “pedophilia” and “pedophile”, which are often found in the analysis of the legal literature, the reports of government officials, on the Internet, as well as in the content of the normative legal acts regulating the responsibility for committing sexual crimes against the category of victims of interest to us. To date, none of the legal sources operating within the territory of the Russian Federation does not contain the interpretation of the above terms, which fully reveals the specifics of the form of sexual deviation we are studying. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the responsibility for the commission of a crime that encroaches on the sexual freedom and sexual integrity of minors and juveniles, by persons suffering from a disorder of sexual preference in the form of pedophilia, as well as the medical and psychological sources containing information about the sexual deviation we are studying, to form the concept of the terms “pedophilia” and “pedophile” in the legal sphere. Methods: the statistical method, the methods of induction, analysis and synthesis are used. Results: the paper considers various definitions of the terms “pedophilia”, “pedophile”. The paper analyzes the affiliation of the previously mentioned term with any branch of scientific knowledge. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, the author formulated the concepts of the terms “criminal pedophilia” and “criminal pedophile”, whose use in the normative legal acts regulating the responsibility for committing crimes that infringe on the sexual freedom and sexual integrity of minors and juveniles, in our opinion, would contribute to the significant development of the system of combating sexual crime in relation to the category of citizens of interest to us.
Journal Article
Studienprotokoll: PREVENT - Prävention von Kindesmissbrauch
Im ICD-11 zählt Pädophilie zur Störung der Sexualpräferenz, was sich durch wiederkehrende, sexuell erregende Fantasien oder Verhaltensweisen auszeichnet, in die Kinder eingeschlossen sind. Aussagen zur Häufigkeit sind aufgrund einer hohen Dunkelziffer schwierig zu treffen, jedoch wird die Prävalenz bei Männern auf ca. 1% geschätzt[1]. Etwa die Hälfte der Sexualstraftäter erfüllt die diagnostischen Kriterien der Pädophilie[2], umgekehrt werden nicht alle pädophilen Menschen übergriffig. Bisherige psychophysiologische Methoden, um Pädophilie als sexuelle Neigungspräferenz zu klassifizieren, konzentrieren sich auf Phallometrie und bildgebende Studien[3], während die für die Messung affektiven Erlebens gut validierten psychophysiologischen Marker Hautleitwert (SCR) und Herzrate (HR) bisher keine Verwendung fanden. Als ein bedeutender Risikofaktor für Kindesmissbrauch gilt mangelnde Empathie[4]. Trotz des Bewusstseins für die Relevanz von Empathie im Kontext der Pädophilie existieren zurzeit nur wenige Studien, die diese Thematik adressieren. Diese liefern Hinweise, dass Unterschiede in verschiedenen Empathiekomponenten zwischen übergriffigen und nicht-übergriffigen Pädophilen existieren. Um die Empathie als sinnvollen Fokus in Präventionsund Therapieprogrammen für Pädophilie zu etablieren, ist hier weitere Forschung notwendig. Ziele der Studie sind, potentielle Unterschiede in psychophysiologischen Markern als Reaktion auf emotionale visuelle Stimuli zwischen Pädophilen und Kontrollprobanden sowie mögliche interindividuelle Unterschiede in der Empathie aufzuzeigen. In der Studie werden pädophile Männer (n = 30 Übergriffige, n = 30 Nicht-Übergriffige) mit nicht-pädophilen Männern (n = 30) verglichen. In Form eines Slide- Viewing Paradigmas werden emotionale Gesichter von Frauen und Kindern sowie Videos von Handinteraktionen präsentiert, während SCR und HR erhoben werden. Diese Parameter indizieren psychophysiologisch Arousal und Valenz der verarbeiteten Stimuli[5]. Die psychophysiologische Messung wird durch die Erhebung von Fragebögen ergänzt. Mittelbis langfristiges Ziel dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung eines besseren Verständnisses für die Mechanismen hinter der sexuellen Präferenzstörung und damit verbunden, die Aussicht zur Optimierung von Therapiemöglichkeiten für diese Patienten. Daraus würde sowohl eine Minderung des Leidensdrucks der Pädophilen als auch eine Prävention von Kindesmissbrauch resultieren. Mit dem Beitrag wird das Studienprotokoll vorgestellt.
Journal Article
Castración química, última opción en pacientes pedófilos y pederastas, considerando su autonomía y dignidad
La castración química surge como una posibilidad para el manejo de la pedofilia y la pederastia. Consiste en un tratamiento médico hormonal reversible aplicado -en muchos casos- para disminuir los niveles de testosterona, la libido y, por ende, la actividad sexual, y como resultado final, reducir las agresiones sexuales de alta incidencia en Colombia y en el mundo. Esta intervención médica ha sido utilizada en distintos países desde la década de los sesenta y, actualmente, el Congreso de la República de Colombia pretende promulgar una ley para contener la violencia sexual en niños y adolescentes. La aplicación de la castración química siendo un procedimiento con efectividad cuestionable y con efectos secundarios importantes, genera dilemas éticos, clínicos y sociales, acerca de la autonomía y la dignidad del pedófilo y del pederasta. Por tal razón, en este estudio de caso se utiliza la metodología de Diego Gracia, pertinente para resolver este tipo planteamientos complejos y hallar otras alternativas para el tratamiento de dichas enfermedades.
Journal Article
Media Coverage of Pedophilia and Its Impact on Help-Seeking Persons with Pedophilia in Germany—A Focus Group Study
The public stigma associated with pedophilia, the sexual attraction to prepubescent children, is tremendous. Previous research indicates that undifferentiated media coverage plays an essential role in perpetuating the public stigma by falsely equating pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) and thus may stop persons suffering from a pedophilic disorder from seeking professional help. Until now, a comprehensive examination of positive as well as negative media effects on affected individuals is missing. Therefore, the present study explores if and how media coverage impacts the lives of help-seeking persons with pedophilia by conducting four qualitative focus group discussions with a clinical sample (N = 20) from the German Prevention Network “Kein Täter werden”. Present results demonstrate that media coverage of pedophilia was perceived as mostly undifferentiated, even though participants observed an increase in fact-based reporting over the years. Moreover, it seems that media coverage has strong emotional and behavioral consequences for patients (e.g., negative reporting reduced self-esteem). In sum, our results highlight that differentiated media coverage could play a key role in supporting help-seeking persons with pedophilic disorder, while the impact of undifferentiated media coverage appears to be mostly negative. Therefore, our results point to the need to reframe pedophilia using differentiated media coverage to help affected persons receive treatment efficiently and thereby prevent CSA.
Journal Article
The Treatment Needs and Experiences of Pedohebephiles: A Systematic Review
People with a sexual interest in children face significant barriers to seeking and receiving mental health treatment. This review aims to bridge the gap between the treatment needs and experiences of pedohebephiles, and the services aiming to support them. Reviewers screened 1705 database hits and extracted findings from 22 qualitative, 15 quantitative, and 3 mixed-method studies on the treatment needs and experiences of pedohebephiles. Research suggests that this population experiences significant levels of distress, depression, and anxiety related to their sexual interest. Many individuals belonging to this population would seek (median = 42.3%), or have sought (median = 46.5%), treatment to cope with their sexual interest or with potential related mental health repercussions. Their experiences in treatment have been mixed, with some reporting positive experiences with empathic therapists and others reporting rejection. Most frequently, pedohebephiles report fear of exposure and rejection as barriers to seeking treatment, in addition to fear of the legal repercussions. The current study is the first to summarize and discuss previous findings on the treatment needs and experiences of pedohebephiles. The findings indicate that the treatment needs of pedohebephiles often remain unaddressed. Suggestions to increase the fit between treatment services and the needs of pedohebephiles are put forward.
Journal Article
Stigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys
Despite productive research on stigma and its impact on people’s lives in the past 20 years, stigmatization of people with pedophilia has received little attention. We conducted two surveys estimating public stigma and determining predictors of social distance from this group. In both studies, pedophilia was defined as a “dominant sexual interest in children.” The survey was comprised of items measuring agreement with stereotypes, emotions, and social distance (among others). Responses were compared with identical items referring to either people who abuse alcohol (Study 1), sexual sadists or people with antisocial tendencies (Study 2). Study 1 was conducted in two German cities (
N
= 854) and Study 2 sampled 201 English-speaking online participants. Both studies revealed that nearly all reactions to people with pedophilia were more negative than those to the other groups, including social distance. Fourteen percent (Study 1) and 28 % (Study 2) of the participants agreed that people with pedophilia should better be dead, even if they never had committed criminal acts. The strongest predictors of social distance towards people with pedophilia were affective reactions to this group (anger and, inversely, associated, pity) and the political attitude of right-wing authoritarianism (Study 1). Results strongly indicate that people with pedophilia are a stigmatized group who risk being the target of fierce discrimination. We discuss this particular form of stigmatization with respect to social isolation of persons with pedophilia and indirect negative consequences for child abuse prevention.
Journal Article
Humanizing Pedophilia as Stigma Reduction: A Large-Scale Intervention Study
The stigmatization of people with pedophilic sexual interests is a topic of growing academic and professional consideration, owing to its potential role in moderating pedophiles’ emotional well-being, and motivation and engagement in child abuse prevention schemes. Thus, improving attitudes and reducing stigmatization toward this group is of paramount importance. Prior research has suggested that narrative humanization—presenting personal stories of self-identified non-offending pedophiles—could be one route to doing this. However, this work has only been conducted with students or trainee psychotherapists, meaning the public generalizability of this method is still unknown. In this study, we compared two stigma interventions to test whether narratives reduce stigma toward people with pedophilic interests more effectively than an informative alternative (scientific information about pedophilia). Using a longitudinal experimental design with a lack of non-intervention control (initial
N
= 950; final
N
= 539), we found that narratives had consistently positive effects on all measured aspects of stigmatization (dangerousness, intentionality), whereas an informative alternative had mixed results, and actually increased perceptions of pedophiles’ levels of deviance. These effects were still present four months after the initial presentation. We discuss these data in relation to ongoing debates about treating pedophilia as a public health issue requiring a broad societal approach to well-being and child abuse prevention.
Journal Article
A pedofíliáról
Building specific cases, the author discusses pedophilia. Konkrét esetekre építve tárgyalja a szerző a pedofíliát.
Journal Article
Idiopathic and acquired pedophilia as two distinct disorders: an insight from neuroimaging
Pedophilia is a disorder of public concern because of its association with child sexual offense and recidivism. Previous neuroimaging studies of potential brain abnormalities underlying pedophilic behavior, either in idiopathic or acquired (i.e., emerging following brain damages) pedophilia, led to inconsistent results. This study sought to explore the neural underpinnings of pedophilic behavior and to determine the extent to which brain alterations may be related to distinct psychopathological features in pedophilia. To this aim, we run a coordinate based meta-analysis on previously published papers reporting whole brain analysis and a lesion network analysis, using brain lesions as seeds in a resting state connectivity analysis. The behavioral profiling approach was applied to link identified regions with the corresponding psychological processes. While no consistent neuroanatomical alterations were identified in idiopathic pedophilia, the current results support that all the lesions causing acquired pedophilia are localized within a shared resting state network that included posterior midlines structures, right inferior temporal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. These regions are associated with action inhibition and social cognition, abilities that are consistently and severely impaired in acquired pedophiles. This study suggests that idiopathic and acquired pedophilia may be two distinct disorders, in line with their distinctive clinical features, including age of onset, reversibility and
modus operandi
. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of pedophilic behavior may contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of these individuals on a clinical ground, a pivotal step forward for the development of more efficient therapeutic rehabilitation strategies.
Journal Article